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Applicability of deep neural networks for lithofacies classification from conventional well logs: An integrated approach

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PETROLEUM RESEARCH 2024年第3期9卷 393-408页

作者： Khan, Saud qadir Kirmani, Farzain Ud Din Mari Petr Co Ltd Islamabad Pakistan NFC Inst Engn & Technol Dept Petr & Gas Engn Multan Pakistan

Parametric understanding for specifying formation characteristics can be perceived through conventional approaches. Significantly, attributes of reservoir lithology are practiced for hydrocarbon exploration. Well logging is conventional approach which is applicable to predict lithology efficiently as compared to geophysical modeling and petrophysical analysis due to cost effectiveness and suitable interpretation time. However, manual interpretation of lithology identification through well logging data requires domain expertise with an extended length of time for measurement. Therefore, in this study, Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been deployed to automate the lithology identification process from well logging data which would provide support by increasing time-effective for monitoring lithology. DNN model has been developed for predicting formation lithology leading to the optimization of the model through the thorough evaluation of the best parameters and hyperparameters including the number of neurons, number of layers, optimizer, learning rate, dropout values, and activation functions. Accuracy of the model is examined by utilizing different evaluation metrics through the division of the dataset into the subdomains of training, validation and testing. Additionally, an attempt is contributed to remove interception for formation lithology prediction while addressing the imbalanced nature of the associated dataset as well in the training process using class weight. It is assessed that accuracy is not a true and only reliable metric to evaluate the lithology classification model. The model with class weight recognizes all the classes but has low accuracy as well as a low F1-score while LSTM based model has high accuracy as well as a high F1-score. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (.

关键词： Lithology identification Deep learning LSTM Imbalanced dataset Conventional well logs MACHINE LEARNING-METHODS RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION FACIES CLASSIFICATION MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FORMATION LITHOLOGY IDENTIFICATION PREDICTION

Fentanyl and xylazine crisis:Crafting coherent strategies for opioid overdose prevention

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 760-766页

作者： Lakshit Jain Jasleen Kaur Shahana Ayub Danya Ansari Rizwan Ahmed Abdul qadir Dada Saeed Ahmed Department of Psychiatry University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06032United States Addiction Services Division Connecticut Valley HospitalMiddletownCT 06457United States Department of Psychiatry Institute of LivingHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Medicine Islamabad Medical and Dental CollegeIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Liaquat College of Medicine and DentistryKarachi 75290Pakistan Department of Medicine Trinity School of MedicineRoswellGA 30075United States Addiction Services and Dual Diagnosis Unit Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States

The United States is in the throes of a severe opioid overdose epidemic,primarily fueled by the pervasive use of fentanyl and the emerging threat of xylazine,a veterinary sedative often mixed with *** high potency and long duration of fentanyl is compounded by the added risks from xylazine,heightening the lethal danger faced by opioid *** such as enhanced surveillance,public awareness campaigns,and the distribution of fentanylxylazine test kits,and naloxone have been undertaken to mitigate this ***-related overdose deaths persist despite these efforts,partly due to inconsistent policies across states and resistance towards adopting harm reduction strategies.A multifaceted approach is imperative in effectively combating the opioid overdose *** approach should include expansion of treatment access,broadening the availability of medications for opioid use disorder,implementation of harm reduction strategies,and enaction of legislative reforms and diminishing stigma associated with opioid use disorder.

关键词： Fentanyl Xylazine Opioid overdose Epidemic Opioid use disorder Buprenorphine Medications for opioid use disorder

美国援助对阿富汗的影响（2001-2021）

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美国援助对阿富汗的影响（2001-2021）

作者： Salimi Abdul qadir 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本文探讨了美国在"反恐战争"的推动下,于9.11事件后对阿富汗长达二十年(2001-2021年)的援助所产生的广泛影响。美国的主要目标是打击恐怖主义,瓦解塔利班政权,并建立一个由美国跨部门援助支持的阿富汗新政府。值得注意的是,美军、北约... 详细信息

本文探讨了美国在"反恐战争"的推动下,于9.11事件后对阿富汗长达二十年(2001-2021年)的援助所产生的广泛影响。美国的主要目标是打击恐怖主义,瓦解塔利班政权,并建立一个由美国跨部门援助支持的阿富汗新政府。值得注意的是,美军、北约盟国和阿富汗安全部队之间的合作成功瓦解了塔利班政权,削弱了如基地组织等组织,使安全管理权逐步移交至阿富汗政府。除安全领域外,美国的援助还通过基础设施建设为阿富汗的经济复苏做出了重大贡献,重点是道路和桥梁的建设,以连接偏远地区,促进贸易,刺激经济增长。对农业和农村发展的投资则进一步提高了阿富汗生产率,创造了就业机会。教育成为了一个关键的优先事项,美国对建立和恢复各类学校和大学的支持增加了阿富汗人民获得优质教育的机会。向阿富汗学生提供奖学金意在使之具备为国家全面发展作出贡献的基本技能。总之,美国的援助在改善阿富汗的安全状况、促进经济增长和发展教育方面发挥了至关重要的作用。这篇论文批判性地研究了美国在阿富汗二十年的援助所产生的错综复杂的影响,包括从促进民主价值观的传播到在人权、言论自由和妇女赋权等领域赋予公民权力的各种目标。尽管做出了大量努力,并投入了6万亿美元的巨额资金,但由于复杂的社会政治局面、持续的安全威胁和普遍的政府腐败,美国设想中的重建目标仍面临着巨大的挑战。美国的首要目标是建立一个由阿富汗人领导的自给自足的民主政府。然而,由于政策的变化,特别是在与塔利班政府谈判和2021年美方突然撤军后,这一宏伟目标遭遇了不确定性。虽然美国的援助在强化安全、促进经济增长、推动教育发展和赋予公民权利几方面取得了重大进展,但这种影响并未转化为对阿富汗重建和金融稳定的持久影响。阿富汗政府的垮台引发了对美国在该地区援助的效力和长期结果的质疑。本文以现代化理论为框架,为分析阿富汗社会政治转型提供了视角。定性研究,结合归纳、分析和比较的方法,提供了对塑造阿富汗走向和平、稳定和重建之旅的多方面动态的细致理解。本研究综合运用一手和二手资料,包括文献,文章和个人观察,对包含美国介入阿富汗事务所固有的复杂性和挑战的现有知识体系做出了重要贡献。本文第二章深入探讨了美阿复杂的关系史,强调了阿富汗作为中东、南亚和中亚交汇处战略十字路口的历史意义。本章涵盖美阿早期的互动,强调了双方的外交接触和文化交流,这些都使得美国和阿富汗之间彼此尊重。冷战,特别是苏联-阿富汗战争(1979-1989年)时期,是阿富汗成为全球权力斗争战场的关键时期。在共产主义和资本主义意识形态冲突的推动下,双方早期的互动为冷战期间美国加强对阿外交和经济交往奠定了基础。1950年美阿《互助条约》巩固了双方军事合作,并且在苏阿战争期间,美国向阿富汗抵抗武装提供了大量支持以对抗苏联的影响。这种援助的后果是造成了后苏联时代阿富汗复杂的地缘政治格局。由于阿富汗的战略位置、经济潜力和与美国的历史联系,本章强调了其持续的地缘政治重要性。这一历史背景对于理解后续章节至关重要,后续章节探讨了2001年至2021年美国在阿富汗的援助,并为评估美国在该地区二十年的投入所产生的影响提供了一个综合框架。论文第三章对2002年至2020年美国国际开发署在阿富汗的援助工作进行了全面概述。本章详细介绍了美国通过开发署项目支持阿富汗的战略目标和行动。主要重点是阐明美国政府促进阿富汗增长和稳定的全面规划、实施战略和总体目标。通过对目标的细致探讨,读者可以深入知悉美国政府通过美国国际开发署(USAID)为满足阿富汗的迫切需求,同时推进安全和可持续发展目标所采用的方法。本章旨在让读者全面了解美国在阿富汗援助行动的复杂性,包括在实施过程中遇到的挑战以及为克服这些挑战而部署的战略。最终,读者将对推动美国援助阿富汗行动的核心目标有更深刻的认识。第四章考察了美国援助阿富汗的多方面影响。自21世纪初以来,美阿之间关系的特点是美国提供外援,以支持阿富汗的重建、发展和稳定工作。然而,美国的援助对阿富汗的影响是复杂而多方面的。通过分派援助,美国影响了阿富汗的外交决策,特别是在反恐和维护地区稳定方面,往往使其决策更符合美国的利益。这种态势不仅塑造了阿富汗与邻国的关系,也影响了阿富汗的全球地位。此外,阿富汗已成为美国全球反恐行动的重要合作伙伴,后者的援助促进了双方在安全和情报事务方面的合作。本章探讨了美国援助对阿富汗的影响,考察了这种援助对于阿富汗外交政策、内政、治理、经济发展和反恐合作的影响。本研究以第五章即最后一章结束,该章介绍了作者对整个调查过程中发现的结果的反思和作者自身的看法。

关键词：美国对外援助发展援助阿富汗多维影响

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan muhammad Shoaib Khan muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

First COVID-19 related death in Pakistan in a patient with a travel history in Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第8期13卷 375-377页

作者： Rooh Ullah muhammad Suleman Rana Mehmood qadir muhammad Usman Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Virology National Institute of HealthIslamabadPakistan Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Rationale: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as highly pathogenic. The current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been spread globally and infected more than 200 countries. Patient concerns: We report the first confirmed fatal case of COVID-19 in Pakistan. A 50-year-old man returned from Saudi Arabia on March 09, 2020 and presented with cough, fever, malaise, poor appetite and difficulty in breathing to the Pulmonologist at District Headquarter Hospital Mardan. Diagnosis: The patient was initially diagnosed as COVID-19 suspected case. A oropharyngeal swab sample was positive by realtime RT-PCR tests. Lessons: This report highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities as well as the importance of early laboratory-based confirmation of COVID-19 cases.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pakistan

Nicotine induced hepatotoxicity and its prevention with date palm pit powder

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应用与环境生物学报 2015年第3期21卷 489-493页

作者： Bushra Munir Mohammad Tahir Sobia Munir muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry Abdul qadir College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab University of Health Sciences Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab

Cigarette smoking is common in societies worldwide and has been identifi ed as injurious to human health. Nicotine is the most abundant component in the cigarette smoke. It is fi rst metabolized in the liver. The natural diet contains a variety of compounds, such as date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.). It exhibits protective effect against different toxins. The aims of present study were to investigate the damaging effects of nicotine on the liver and the preventive role of date palm against such damage. Date palm pit powder was used to study its protective effect on nicotine induced hepatotoxicity. Three groups of adult male albino mice were used, each containing eight animals. Group A served as a control; Group B was used as an experimental group treated with nicotine(0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for forty-fi ve days; Group C received nicotine(0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally along with date palm pit powder(500 mg/kg) orally for forty-five days. Histopathological examination revealed that the general architecture was damaged with increase in size of hepatocytes, central vein and number of fat vacuoles and periportal infiltration of lymphocytes. The nicotine treated mice showed decreased level of cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis and infl ammation. Date palm pit powder administration to nicotine-treated mice showed reversion of the damaged feature to nearly normal. These results along with previous study suggest that date palm pit powder is useful in combating nicotine induced hepatotoxicity.

关键词：环境生物学应用 ANOVA

Antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities of bacterial endophytes isolated from Calotropis procera(Ait.)***

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 363-369页

作者： muhammad HAMAYUN NASIR KHAN muhammad NAUMAN KHAN muhammad qadir ANWAR HUSSAIN AMJAD IQBAL SUMERA AFZAL KHAN KHUSHNOOD UR REHMAN IN-JUNG LEE Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab Department of BotanyAbdul Wali Khan University MardanKPPakistan Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaCharsadda24420Pakistan Department of Food Science and Technology Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan23200Pakistan Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Botany Islamia College UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Applied Biosciences Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Korea

Bacterial endophytes are beneficial to their hosts as they can fix nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the *** bacteria also secrete plant growth-promoting hormones to support their host plants under normal as well as stress *** current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from different parts of Calotropis procera,i.e.,roots,stem and leaves of Calotropis procera(Ait.)*** were collected from the Lundkhwar,district Mardan.A total of 12 bacterial strains,i.e.,six from roots,three from the stem and three from the leaves were *** strains were screened for their growth-promoting activity in rice plants because rice shows a quick and easy response to the bioactive compounds present in the culture filtrate(CF)of the potent endophytic *** rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 30 mL of 0.8%w/v water-agar *** pots were placed in a growth chamber,operated at 28±0.3℃ for 14 h(day);and 25±0.3℃ for 10 h(night),at 70%*** the isolated strains,R1,S1,S3,L1,R5 and R6 showed visible growth promotion in rice *** biochemical analysis revealed that the strains were able to produce indole acetic acid(IAA)and flavonoids in higher ***,the strains also produced bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus using the well diffusion *** the results,it was concluded that these strains can secrete potent compounds that can promote the host plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and,therefore,can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-control agents.

关键词： Endophytic bacteria Growth promotion Antimicrobial activity Plant-microbe interaction

Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock Gravities and the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第6期26卷 41-44页

作者： M. Akbar Asghar qadir Centre for Advanced Mathematics and Physics National University of Sciences and Technology Peshawar Road Rawalpindi Pakistan Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190

It has been shown [Chin. Phys. Lett.25 （2008） 4199] that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds in Einstein gravity. Here we extend this procedure for Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities. It is shown that by employing the general expression for temperature Th =｜κ｜/2π= 1/2πτA （1-τA/2HτA） associated with the apparent horizon of a Friedman Robertson-Walker （FRW） universe and assuming Tm = bTh, we are able to construct conditions for which the generalized second law holds in Gauss Bonnet and Lovelock gravities, where Tm and Th are the temperatures of the source and the horizon respectively.

关键词： No English Keywords

Role of viruses in periodontitis:An extensive review of herpesviruses,human immunodeficiency virus,coronavirus-19,papillomavirus and hepatitis viruses

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 7-23页

作者： Mohammed Khalid Mahmood Mohammed Taib Fatih Handren Ameer Kurda Nwsiba Khalid Mahmood Farman Uthman Shareef Hemin Faraidun Herve Tassery Delphine Tardivo Romain Lan Zana Fuad Noori Balen Hamid qadir Arman Dlshad Hassan Aix-Marseille University CNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France College of Dentistry Komar University of Science and technologySulaimani 46001Iraq College of Dentistry Sulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology College of ScienceSulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of ScienceCharmo UniversityChamchamal/Sulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology University of FreiburgMina BiotechFreiburg 79098Germany Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMMarseille 13000FranceLBN LaboratoryMontpellier 34000France Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMCNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France Department of Dentistry American University of Sulaimani Iraq AUISSulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biomedical Science University of DenverDenverCO 80014United States

Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the *** microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal *** the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by ***,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial ***,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome *** global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the *** the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by *** review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.

关键词： Virus Periodontitis Bacteria Herpesvirus Herpes simplex virus Varicella-zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Human papillomaviruses SARS-CoV-2 Human immunodeficiency virus