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Federated Machine Learning Based Fetal Health Prediction Empowered with Bio-Signal Cardiotocography

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3303-3321页

作者： muhammad Umar Nasir Omar Kassem Khalil Karamath Ateeq Bassam SaleemAllah Almogadwy muhammad Adnan Khan muhammad hasnain Azam Khan muhammad Adnan Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Lahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Information Technology Liwa CollegeAbu Dhabi00000United Arab Emirates Department of Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjah1797United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Engineering and Development Dubizzle LabsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam-si13120Korea

Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to detect whether the fetus is normal or suspect or *** cardiotocography measures infer wrongly and give wrong predictions because of human *** traditional way of reading the cardiotocography measures is the time taken and belongs to numerous human errors as *** condition is very important to measure at numerous stages and give proper medications to the fetus for its *** the current period Machine learning(ML)is a well-known classification strategy used in the biomedical field on various issues because ML is very fast and gives appropriate results that are better than traditional *** techniques play a pivotal role in detecting fetal disease in its early *** research article uses Federated machine learning(FML)and ML techniques to classify the condition of the *** study proposed a model for the detection of bio-signal cardiotocography that uses FML and ML techniques to train and test the ***,the proposed model of FML used numerous data preprocessing techniques to overcome data deficiency and achieves 99.06%and 0.94%of prediction accuracy and misprediction rate,respectively,and parallel the proposed model applying K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and achieves 82.93%and 17.07%of prediction accuracy and misprediction accuracy,***,by comparing both models FML outperformed the KNN technique and achieved the best and most appropriate prediction results as compared with previous studies the proposed study achieves the best and most accurate results.

关键词： Cardiotocography ML FML fetal disease bio-signal

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Elevating Image Steganography:A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2923-2943页

作者： muhammad Zaman Ali Omer Riaz Hafiz muhammad hasnain Waqas Sharif Tenvir Ali Gyu Sang Choi Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongbuk38541Korea

In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies,ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential *** overcome these difficulties,different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure *** of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB *** this work,we have an approach that utilizes a combinationofMost SignificantBit(MSB)matching andLeast Significant Bit(LSB)*** proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of individual pixels using pair matching,enabling the storage of 6 bits in one pixel by modifying a maximum of three *** proposed technique is evaluated using embedding capacity and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)score,we compared our work with the Zakariya scheme the results showed a significant increase in data concealment *** achieved results of ourwork showthat our algorithmdemonstrates an improvement in hiding capacity from11%to 22%for different data samples while maintaining a minimumPeak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)of 37 *** findings highlight the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the proposed algorithm in securing the communication process and maintaining visual integrity.

关键词： Steganography most significant bit(MSB) least significant bit(LSB) peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)

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Ensemble Learning Models for Classification and Selection of Web Services: A Review

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第1期40卷 327-339页

作者： muhammad hasnain Imran Ghani Seung Ryul Jeong Aitizaz Ali Monash University Petaling Jaya46150Malaysia Indiana University of Pennsylvania IndianaPA 15705USA Kookmin University Seoul02707Korea

This paper presents a review of the ensemble learning models proposed for web services classification,selection,and *** service is an evo-lutionary research area,and ensemble learning has become a hot spot to assess web services’earlier mentioned *** proposed research aims to review the state of art approaches performed on the interesting web services *** literature on the research topic is examined using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)as a research *** study reveals an increasing trend of using ensemble learning in the chosen papers within the last ten ***ïve Bayes(NB),Support Vector Machine’(SVM),and other classifiers were identified as widely explored in selected *** analysis of web services classification suggests that web services’performance aspects can be investigated in future *** paper also identified performance measuring metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,and f-measure,widely used in the literature.

关键词： Web services composition quality improvement class imbalance machine learning

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Empirical Analysis of Software Success Rate Forecasting During Requirement Engineering Processes

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 783-799页

作者： muhammad hasnain Imran Ghani Seung Ryul Jeong muhammad Fermi Pasha Sardar Usman Anjum Abbas Lahore Leads University Lahore42000Pakistan Computer and Information Sciences Virginia Military InstituteLexingtonVA24450USA Graduate School of Business IT Kookmin UniversitySeoul136Korea School of Information Technology Monash UniversityBandar Sunway47500Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Grand Asian University Sialkot51040Pakistan Government Sarwar Shaheed Associate College Gujjar KhanRawalpindi46000Pakistan

Forecasting on success or failure of software has become an interesting and,in fact,an essential task in the software development *** order to explore the latest data on successes and failures,this research focused on certain questions such as is early phase of the software development life cycle better than later phases in predicting software success and avoiding high rework?What human factors contribute to success or failure of a software?What software practices are used by the industry practitioners to achieve high quality of software in their day-to-day work?In order to conduct this empirical analysis a total of 104 practitioners were recruited to determine how human factors,misinterpretation,and miscommunication of requirements and decision-making processes play their roles in software success *** discussed a potential relationship between forecasting of software success or failure and the development *** noticed that experienced participants had more confidence in their practices and responded to the questionnaire in this empirical study,and they were more likely to rate software success forecasting linking to the development *** analysis also shows that cognitive bias is the central human factor that negatively affects forecasting of software success *** results of this empirical study also validated that requirements’misinterpretation and miscommunication were themain causes behind software systems’*** has been seen that reliable,relevant,and trustworthy sources of information help in decision-making to predict software systems’success in the software *** empirical study highlights a need for other software practitioners to avoid such bias while working on software *** investigation can be performed to identify the other human factors that may impact software systems’success.

关键词： Cognitive bias misinterpretation of requirements miscommunication software success and failure prediction decision making

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Performance Anomaly Detection in Web Services: An RNN-Based Approach Using Dynamic Quality of Service Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第8期64卷 729-752页

作者： muhammad hasnain Seung Ryul Jeong muhammad Fermi Pasha Imran Ghani School of Information Technology Monash UniversitySubang Jaya47500Malaysia Graduate School of Business IT Kookmin UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Indiana University of PennsylvaniaIndianaUSA.

Performance anomaly detection is the process of identifying occurrences that do not conform to expected behavior or correlate with other incidents or events in time series *** detection has been applied to areas such as fraud detection,intrusion detection systems,and network *** this paper,we propose an anomaly detection framework that uses dynamic features of quality of service that are collected in a simulated *** variants of recurrent neural networks-SimpleRNN,long short term memory,and gated recurrent unit are *** results reveal that the proposed method effectively detects anomalies in web services with high *** performance of the proposed anomaly detection framework is superior to that of existing approaches using maximum accuracy and detection rate metrics.

关键词： Point anomaly anomaly detection recurrent neural networks web services simulated data

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An Ontology Based Test Case Prioritization Approach in Regression Testing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 1051-1068页

作者： muhammad hasnain Seung Ryul Jeong muhammad Fermi Pasha Imran Ghani Monash University Petaling Jaya46150Malaysia Kookmin University Seoul136Korea Indiana University of Pennsylvania PA15705USA

Regression testing is a widely studied research area,with the aim of meeting the quality challenges of software *** achieve a software system of good quality,we face high consumption of resources during *** overcome this challenge,test case prioritization(TCP)as a sub-type of regression testing is continuously investigated to achieve the testing *** study provides an insight into proposing the ontology-based TCP(OTCP)approach,aimed at reducing the consumption of resources for the quality improvement and maintenance of software *** proposed approach uses software metrics to examine the behavior of classes of software *** uses Binary Logistic Regression(BLR)and AdaBoostM1 classifiers to verify correct predictions of the faulty and non-faulty classes of software *** ontology is used to match the code metrics and class *** investigated five Java programs for the evaluation of the proposed approach,which was used to achieve code *** study has resulted in an average percentage of fault detected(APFD)value of 94.80%,which is higher when compared to other TCP *** future works,large sized programs in different languages can be used to evaluate the scalability of the proposed OTCP approach.

关键词： Software code metric machine learning faults detection testing

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基于GEO数据库和生物信息学分析的甲状腺肿瘤关键基因筛选

基于GEO数据库和生物信息学分析的甲状腺肿瘤关键基因筛选

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作者： muhammad hasnain Ehsan Ullah 中南大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:甲状腺位于甲状软骨下方和两侧并构成内分泌系统的一部分参与体内激素水平的调节。当正常甲状腺组织生长脱离既定的成熟轨迹,肿瘤也因此而生。甲状腺肿瘤作为起源于甲状腺组织的内分泌肿瘤近年来在全球发生率增长迅速,已逐渐成为... 详细信息

背景:甲状腺位于甲状软骨下方和两侧并构成内分泌系统的一部分参与体内激素水平的调节。当正常甲状腺组织生长脱离既定的成熟轨迹,肿瘤也因此而生。甲状腺肿瘤作为起源于甲状腺组织的内分泌肿瘤近年来在全球发生率增长迅速,已逐渐成为最常见的肿瘤之一。从具有高度侵袭性的未分化甲状腺癌到相对呈现惰性的分化型甲状腺肿瘤,甲状腺肿瘤的类型和预后均展现出多样的类型。大多数甲状腺癌起源于滤泡上皮细胞,并分化成为存在恶性程度差异的各类甲状腺肿瘤。未分化甲状腺癌虽然稀少,但却因侵袭性强而引起患病人群生存率水平较低;而甲状腺乳头状癌作为甲状腺最常见的类型,几乎占所有甲状腺恶性肿瘤的85%,患病人群的预后却相较而言远胜于其他类型肿瘤的预后。因此,在甲状腺肿瘤诊断与治疗过程中,分化型甲状腺肿瘤相对较好的预后与目前积极的治疗决策存在一定的矛盾,早期区别预后差异的甲状腺肿瘤并为进一步治疗提供更加精准的指导方案仍然是悬而未决的问题,而且甲状腺结节与肿瘤的鉴别也依然呈现出了进一步明确的需求和可能。鉴于甲状腺肿瘤的早期阶段没有典型症状,通过基因诊断及早发现甲状腺肿瘤尤其是侵袭性较高的甲状腺肿瘤,对于指导治疗和改善甲状腺肿瘤预后也显得至关重要。在这样的前提下,更加深入的了解甲状腺肿瘤形成的分子水平机制成为可能进一步解释甚至解决问题的方式,而近年来基因芯片和高通量测序等技术对比不同组织类型中基因的表达水平并获取组织差异数据等方法也发展迅速,这些技术和研究理论的发展与广泛应用极大程度的增进了对于基因表达等分子水平的了解,也同时拓展了认识甲状腺肿瘤的途径,进而提供了指导诊断和治疗实践的可能。在对分子水平的探索中,逐渐发现不同组织类型下潜藏着的是具备着一定特点的基因改变,例如BRAF、NRAS、HRAS和KRAS这样的基因向致癌方向发生突变就被发现存在于约75%的甲状腺乳头状癌,其中BRAF V600E几乎是最常见的类型。PI3K/AKT信号通路上的突变(如PIK3CA、PTEN和m TOR等)也常被发现于多种侵袭性较高的甲状腺肿瘤中。此外,RET、BRAF、NTRK、ALK和THADA等基因的融合也常见于部分甲状腺乳头状癌中而极少见于其他类型之中。此外,PAX8/PPAR基因的融合发生于甲状腺滤泡状细胞癌,TP53和TERT启动子在未分化甲状腺癌的变异也被广泛认知。在借助计算机科学与信息技术处理庞杂数据的优势,对繁多的基因数据进行处理并关联既往研究,萃取生命进展与疾病形成、发展的可能理论逐渐成为一种完善既往研究或指导进一步探索的方式,而比肿瘤组织与正常组织间差异实现对肿瘤发生发展的探索已成为较为常见的方法。综上,以生物信息学技术探索甲状腺肿瘤相关的基因靶点,进而尝试回答甲状腺肿瘤诊治过程中存在的矛盾与问题也成为可行方案。目的:本研究的目的在于使用多种生物信息学方法分析肿瘤分组和正常分组差异,尝试探索甲状腺肿瘤相关的基因靶点,进而协助发现有益于诊断和治疗的方案。方法:在本研究中,我们将借助生物信息学的技术分析甲状腺肿瘤组织与正常组织间差异。首先从基因表达综合数据库(GEO)中下载的三组数据,每组数据中都涵盖着多个甲状腺肿瘤和正常组织的不同样本。将三组数据中的肿瘤组织与正常组织的样本数据经过GEO2R分别进行差异分析的计算后,下载依据GEO2R分析完成同时所绘制的火山图实现可视化处理,再通过对差异分析后的数据结果设定p值(<0.05)和log FC值(绝对值大于1)筛选出三组数据中肿瘤组织与正常组织对比分析后存在着显著表达差异的基因数据。获取显著差异基因数据后,将三组数据中存在显著表达差异的基因分别上传至网页绘图工具以获取它们的交集并绘制对应的韦恩(Venn)图。三组数据筛选后的差异基因中同时存在的基因即韦恩(Venn)图的中心交集数据将作为代表整体甲状腺肿瘤组织与正常组织的差异基因,进而以DAVID网页工具对它们进行功能相关的富集分析,结合既往已证实的研究记录及结果进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析并获取结果,以此推测差异基因作为整体或聚类分组后影响的生物过程、所参与的细胞成分、分子相关功能与参与的信号通路,即预测可能参与了甲状腺肿瘤组织区别于正常组织形成与成长过程中的发生发展方式。与此同时,上传上述分析后差异基因的交集至STRING数据库并获取基因对应蛋白,再设定网络构建与筛选条件后构建蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络。以基因所对应蛋白之间的互相作用关系进而间接地探索基因之间的互相作用与关联,并推测它们实现影响生物进程互相作用的方式。获取的蛋白质互相作用网络数据从数据库下载后导入Cytoscape中进行绘图及可视化处理,并基于敏感且特异的枢纽蛋白或基因常呈现处于中心位置调节并影响多个蛋白或基因的理论,以Cytoscape中的计算引擎插件Cytohubb

关键词：甲状腺肿瘤差异基因功能富集蛋白互作网络 ROC曲线预后

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Combined measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, China: A narrative review

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2020年第2期2卷 51-57页

作者： muhammad hasnain muhammad Fermi Pasha Imran Ghani School of Information Technology Malaysia Monash UniversityMalaysia Faculty at School of IT Malaysia Monash UniversityMalaysia Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Indiana University of PennsylvaniaIndianaPA 15705USA

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging disease caused by the coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2,which leads to severe respiratory infections in ***-19 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city,a populated area of the Hubei province in *** of now,Wuhan and other cities nearby have become safe places for *** rapid control of the spread of COVID-19 infection was made possible due to several interventions and measures that were undertaken in *** narrative review study was designed to evaluate the emerging literature on the combined measures taken to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan *** Direct,Springer,Web of Science,and the PubMed data repositories were searched for studies published between December 1,2019,and June 07,*** referred“preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses”(PRISMA)protocol was used to conduct this narrative review.A total of 330 research studies were found as a result of the initial search based on exclusion and inclusion criteria,and 30 articles were chosen on final *** was discovered that the combined measures to control the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan included cordon sanitaire,social distancing,universal symptom surveys,quarantine strategies,and transport *** on the recommendations presented in this review study,existing policies with regard to combined measures and public health policies can be enforced by other countries to implement a rapid control procedure to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Combined measures Lockdown Public health Review Implications

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Plant Nitrogen Metabolism: Balancing Resilience to Nutritional Stress andAbiotic Challenges

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： muhammad Farhan Manda Sathish Rafia Kiran Aroosa Mushtaq Alaa Baazeem Ammarah hasnain Fahad Hakim Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas muhammad Zeeshan Hassan Mahmoud Moustafa Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Plant growth and resilience to abiotic stresses,such as soil salinity and drought,depend intricately on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regulatory role in plant responses to these challenges,unveiling a dynamic interplay between nitrogen availability and abiotic *** the context of soil salinity,a nuanced rela-tionship emerges,featuring both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between salinity and nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants can be alleviated by optimal nitrogen supplementation;however,excessive nitrogen can exacerbate salinity *** delve into the complexities of this interaction and its agri-cultural ***,a vital element within essential plant structures like chloroplasts,elicits diverse responses based on its *** review comprehensively examines manifestations of nitrogen deﬁciency and toxicity across various crop types,including cereals,vegetables,legumes,and ***,we explore the broader consequences of nitrogen products,such as N_(2)O,NO_(2),and ammonia,on human ***-ing the intricate relationship between nitrogen and salinity,especially chloride accumulation in nitrate-fed plants and sodium buildup in ammonium-fed plants,is pivotal for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essential,as overapplication can exacerbate nitrogen-related *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of paramount importance in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing sustainable crop *** this goal requires advancements in crop varieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utilization,pre-cise timing and placement of nitrogen fertilizer application,and thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitigate losses,particularly urea-based fertilizer *** review article delves into the multifaceted world of plant nitrogen metabolism and its pivotal role in enabling plant resilience to nutritional stress and abiotic chall

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signaling sustainable agriculture eutrophication ammonium nitrate

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Complications of Ziv-Aflibercept in Choroidal and Retinal Vascular Diseases

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第2期13卷 199-207页

作者： Hussain Ahmad Khaqan Usman Imtiaz Laraib Hassan Sabah Eric hasnain muhammad Bukhsh Hafiz Mubashir Farooqui Ahmad Fauzan muhammad Usman Zia Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore General Hospital Ameer Ud Din Medical College Lahore Pakistan Central Park Teaching Hospital Lahore Pakistan Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Hyderabad Pakistan

Introduction: The modern ophthalmology trends are changing rapidly every day with the introduction of much newer studies and research. Numerous anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) are utilized as the mainstay in the treatment of intraocular vascular pathologies. The rationale of this study is to add to the literature regarding the safety and efficacy profile of the ziv-aflibercept as there is insubstantial data in patients with intraocular vascular pathologies being treated with this injection with prime focus on the complications of the injection. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Opthalmology Department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore between 14 August 2018 and 23 December 2019. Patients with choroidal and retinal vascular diseases like diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who had no active infection of eye and had no history of myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident were added in this study. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was significantly improved at 4, 8, and 12 weeks as compared to the baseline (p Conclusion: The use of ziv-aflibercept injection via intravitreal route under aseptic conditions for choroidal and retinal vascular diseases is effective as well as safe with mild and treatable ocular side effects.

关键词： Ziv-Aflibercept Anti VEGF Choroidal Vascular Diseases Retinal Vascular Diseases

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