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The Potentials of Kyanite Particles and Coconut Shell Ash as Strengthener in Aluminum Alloy Composite for Automobile Brake Disc

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 84-96页

作者： Simon Godenaan Datau Mohammed Ahmed Bawa Jacob Shekwonudu Jatau muhammad hamisu muhammad Adekunle Sefiu Bello Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kwara State University Malete Nigeria

The use of waste materials to produce engineering components is currently attracting so much interest due to their low cost, availability and environmental impact. In this study, coconut shell ash (CSA) and kyanite particles (KP) produced from coconut shells and kyanite mineral respectively were characterized. X-ray Florence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the oxide compositions, crystalline phases and microstructures of CSA and KP. The XRF analysis revealed major oxides in CSA and KP as SiO2 and Fe2O3;and Al2O3 and SiO2 respectively. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of Quartz, Hematite, Andradite and Gaultite phases at major peaks in diffractogram of CSA;and Quartz and Beryl phases at major peaks in the diffractogram of KP. The crystallite sizes of the quartz phases in CSA and KP at diffraction angle of 26.72°C and 20.91°C were determined as 638.28 Åand 789.38 Årespectively. From the SEM image of CSA, it was observed that particles of different sizes are present in the microstructure of CSA. The average size of the particles in the microstructure of CSA is 26.24 μm. A similar result was observed in the SEM image of KP and average size of the particles is 3.074 μm. Also, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrums of CSA and KP revealed the presence of many elements with calcium as the major element in CSA and Aluminium as major element in KP. The presence of the crystalline phases in CSA (SiO2, Al2O3, andradite, gaultite and hematite) and KP (SiO2 and Al2O3) will make them good strengthening materials for the production of Aluminium based composites that can be used in applications where a good combination of strength and wear characteristics is a basic requirement like brake disc.

关键词： Kyanite Particles Coconut Shell Ash Oxide Compounds Crystalline Phases Density and Strengtheners

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Severe Cut Throat Injury in a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第4期13卷 285-292页

作者： Nafisatu Bello-muhammad hamisu Abdullahi Yasir Nuhu Jibril Auwal Adamu Manir Hamza Anka muhammad Ghazali Hasheem Department of ENT Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Nigeria Department of ENT Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of ENT Federal University of Health Sciences Azare Bauchi State Nigeria

Background: Cut-throat injury is a potentially fatal condition that may be associated with serious morbidity and mortality. The neck region is particularly at risk of serious injuries due to the location of vital structures, including nerves, viscera, and major vessels. Although cut-throat injury is said to be rare in children, its occurrence has been reported in some series. Management of this condition requires a multidisciplinary approach for a better outcome. Aim: The aim of this report is to highlight the successful management of an alarming case of severe cut-throat injury with associated laryngeal injury in a child. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with a cut-throat following an assault by an unknown person. Examination revealed an acutely ill child, conscious but pale. He sustained a deep transverse laceration that transected the thyroid cartilage, exposing the laryngeal cavity. An assessment of Zone II penetrating neck injury was made. He was resuscitated, and had emergency neck exploration, tracheostomy, and repair of the injuries. The patient was followed up for 6 months, and had a good voice outcome, with no significant complication. Conclusion: Cut-throat injury is rare in children. But it is a potentially life-threatening condition. It is therefore important to recognize this entity and develop effective protocol of management in our environment.

关键词： Cut-Throat Neck Trauma Penetrating Neck Injury Neck Exploration Tracheostomy

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Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma Impacts on Tympanometric Parameters in Children at Kano, Nigeria

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第1期12卷 21-37页

作者： Ahmad Rufai Tukur Ahmad Mahmud hamisu Abdullahi muhammad Gharzali Hasheem Cochlear Implant Centre Hafr Al Batin Saudi Arabia Department of ENT Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital Yola Nigeria Department of Otolaryngology Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with all

关键词： Allergic Rhinitis Bronchial Asthma Tympanometry Middle Ear Children

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