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An Efficient Internet Traffic Classification System Using Deep Learning for IoT

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 407-422页

作者： muhammad basit umair Zeshan Iqbal muhammad Bilal Jamel Nebhen Tarik Adnan Almohamad Raja Majid Mehmood Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Division of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-siKorea Electrical-Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKarabük University78050KarabükTurkey Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Computer Engineering and SciencesAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia Information and Communication Technology Department School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaSepang43900Malaysia

Internet of Things(IoT)defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central *** IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to *** management tasks and network operations such as security,intrusion detection,Quality-of-Service provisioning,performance monitoring,resource provisioning,and traffic engineering require traffic *** to the ineffectiveness of traditional classification schemes,such as port-based and payload-based methods,researchers proposed machine learning-based traffic classification systems based on shallow neural ***,machine learning-based models incline to misclassify internet traffic due to improper feature *** this research,an efficient multilayer deep learning based classification system is presented to overcome these challenges that can classify internet *** examine the performance of the proposed technique,Moore-dataset is used for training the *** proposed scheme takes the pre-processed data and extracts the flow features using a deep neural network(DNN).In particular,the maximum entropy classifier is used to classify the internet *** experimental results show that the proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm is effective and achieved high accuracy for internet traffic classification,i.e.,99.23%.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm achieved the highest accuracy compared to the support vector machine(SVM)based classification technique and k-nearest neighbours(KNNs)based classification technique.

关键词： Deep learning internet traffic classification network traffic management QoS aware application classification

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Spatio-temporal variations in trends of vegetation and drought changes in relation to climate variability from 1982 to 2019 based on remote sensing data from East Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第10期22卷 3193-3208页

作者： Shahzad ALI Abdul basit muhammad umair Tyan Alice MAKANDA Fahim Ullah KHAN Siqi SHI NI Jian College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004P.R.China Department of Agriculture Hazara UniversityMansehra 21120Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of PeshawarPeshawar 25000Pakistan Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AENetherlands

Studying the significant impacts on vegetation of drought due to global warming is crucial in order to understand its dynamics and interrelationships with temperature,rainfall,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).These factors are linked to excesses drought frequency and severity on the regional scale,and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change *** Asia is very sensitive and susceptible to climate *** this study,we examined the effect of drought on the seasonal variations of vegetation in relation to climate variability and determined which growing seasons are most vulnerable to drought risk;and then explored the spatio-temporal evolution of the trend in drought changes in East Asia from 1982 to *** data were studied using a series of several drought indexes,and the data were then classified using a heat map,box and whisker plot analysis,and principal component *** various drought indexes from January to August improved rapidly,except for vegetation health index(VHI)and temperature condition index(TCI).While these indices were constant in September,they increased again in October,but in December,they showed a descending *** seasonal and monthly analysis of the drought indexes and the heat map confirmed that the East Asian region suffered from extreme droughts in 1984,1993,2007,and 2012among the study *** distribution of the trend in drought changes indicated that more severe drought occurred in the northwestern region than in the southeastern area of East *** drought tendency slope was used to describe the changes in drought events during 1982–2019 in the study *** correlations among monthly precipitation anomaly percentage(NAP),NDVI,TCI,vegetation condition index(VCI),temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI),and VHI indicated considerably positive correlations,while considerably negative correlations were found among the three pairs of NDVI and VHI,TVDI and VHI,and NDV

关键词： climate change drought severity vegetation dynamics heat mapping TVDI spatial correlation East Asia

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CARM:Context Based Association Rule Mining for Conventional Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3305-3322页

作者： muhammad Shaheen umair Abdullah Faculty of Engineering&Information Technology Foundation UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science Barani Institute of Information TechnologyRawalpindiPakistan

This paper is aimed to develop an algorithm for extracting association rules,called Context-Based Association Rule Mining algorithm(CARM),which can be regarded as an extension of the Context-Based Positive and Negative Association Rule Mining algorithm(CBPNARM).CBPNARM was developed to extract positive and negative association rules from Spatiotemporal(space-time)data only,while the proposed algorithm can be applied to both spatial and non-spatial *** proposed algorithm is applied to the energy dataset to classify a country’s energy development by uncovering the enthralling interdependencies between the set of variables to get positive and negative *** association rules related to sustainable energy development are extracted by the proposed algorithm that needs to be pruned by some pruning *** context,in this paper serves as a pruning measure to extract pertinent association rules from non-spatial *** Probability Increment Ratio(CPIR)is also added in the proposed algorithm that was not used in *** inclusion of the context variable and CPIR resulted in fewer rules and improved robustness and ease of ***,the extraction of a common negative frequent itemset in CARM is different from that of *** rules created by the proposed algorithm are more meaningful,significant,relevant and *** accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with the Apriori,PNARM and CBPNARM *** results demonstrated enhanced accuracy,relevance and timeliness.

关键词： Association rules context CBPNARM non-spatial data CPIR support confidence interestingness

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The Impact of Internet of Things Supported by Emerging 5G in Power Systems: A Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第2期6卷 344-352页

作者： Jinsong Tao muhammad umair muhammad Ali Jian Zhou School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityHubei 430072China

The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart *** current electric power networks will be more reliable,secure,flexible and durable by implementing IoT in power *** paper presents a brief discussion about IoT contributions in the development of power systems from a generation,transmission,distribution and consumption point of view.5G cellular networks have a great potential for the development of IoT ***,5G cellular networks can be instrumental in supporting the greater communication needs of *** review provides a comprehensive analysis about the role of 5G cellular networks in the growth of IoT technology and power *** amounts of data will be generated due to the incorporation of renewable energy,deployment of the smart grid and the improvements to the electricity *** this way,in order to realize the connection between things and people,things and things and people and people in power systems,it is essential to apply IoT in power *** this case,5G is providing numerous advantages to Power IoT(PIoT)by offering greater opportunities in progress and improvements;however,there are also numerous challenges with the deployment of 5G in ***,this review article provides an overview of the role,implications and challenges of 5G in PIoT.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G) Internet of Things(IoT) Power IoT(PIoT)

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Optimal Rotor Poles and Structure for Design of Consequent Pole Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第1期7卷 118-127页

作者： Wasiq Ullah Faisal Khan muhammad umair Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad(Abbottabad Campus)Abbottabad 22040Pakistan

Permanent magnet flux switching machines(PMFSM)have attracted significant research interest and are considered as competent candidates when higher torque density is primary ***,conventional PMFSMs uses excessive rare earth PM volumes which ultimately increases machine the machine weight and PM ***,the PMs extended at the stator yoke results in stator leakage flux which degrades the *** suppress the leakage flux and diminish the PM volume,the consequent pole PMFSM(CPPMFSM)with flux bridges and barriers encompassing partitioned circumferential and radial magnetized PMs is proposed,thereby ensuring an alternate magnetic path for the working harmonics which improves the modulation effect and flux ***,the influence of the rotor pole number on seven different rotor structures namely,curved rotor,trapezoidal rotor,wide rotor tooth tip,wide rotor base width,rectangular segmented and eccentric rotors are investigated based on the electromagnetic performance and stress *** element analysis(FEA)reveals that the 12S-13P CPPMFSM with a wider rotor base offers comparatively better electromagnetic *** to the conventional PMFSM,the proposed CPPMFSM reduces the PM volume which minimizes the overall machine cost and weight,suppresses the torque ripples by 16.49%,diminishes total harmonic distortion(THD)by 35.24%and decreases cogging torque by 32.88%.Furthermore,the torque and power density are enhanced by 7.028%and 7.025%respectively.

关键词： AC Machine consequent pole flux bridge flux switching machine permanent magnet rotor pole number rotor structure stress analysis

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Sugar beet yield and industrial sugar contents improved by potassium fertilization under scarce and adequate moisture conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2620-2626页

作者： muhammad umair Mubarak muhammad Zahir Sagheer Ahmad Abdul Wakeel Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sugar Crops Program National Agricultural Research Center

Sugar beet（Beta vulgaris L.） is an industrial crop, grown worldwide for sugar production. In Pakistan, sugar is mostly extracted from sugarcane, soil and environmental conditions are equally favorable for sugar beet cultivation. Beet sugar contents are higher than sugarcane sugar contents, which can be further increased by potassium（K） fertilization. Total K concentration is higher in Pakistani soils developed from mica minerals, but it does not represent plant available K for sustainable plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. K treatments were the following： no K（K_0）, K application at 148 kg ha^（–1）（K_1） and 296 kg ha^（–1）（K_2）. Irrigation levels were used as water sufficient at 60% water holding capacity and water deficient at 40% water holding capacity. The growth, yield and beet quality data were analyzed statistically using LSD. The results revealed that increase in the level of K fertilization at water sufficient level significantly increased plant growth, beet yield and industrial beet sugar content. The response of K fertilization under water deficient condition was also similar, however overall sugar production was less than that in water sufficient conditions. It is concluded from this study that K application could be used not only to enhance plant growth and beet yield but also enhance beet sugar content both under water-deficient as well as water-sufficient conditions.

关键词： potassium irrigation levels beet yields sugar contents

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Thermo-bioconvection transport of nanofluid over an inclined stretching cylinder with Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第7期73卷 47-58页

作者： Hassan Waqas umair Manzoor Taseer muhammad Sajjad Hussain Department of Mathematics Government College University FaisalabadLayyah Campus 31200Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia Mathematical Modelling and Applied Computation Research Group(MMAC) Department of MathematicsKing Abdulaziz UniversityPO Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

In this paper,Newtonian nanofluid flow is observed under the effects of the magnetic field,activation energy and motile microorganisms over an inclined stretchable *** magnificent aspects of nanoliquid are demonstrated by enduring the Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion *** higher order partial differential equations are transformed into first-order ordinary differential equations with suitable similarity *** attained sets of governing equations are then cracked by bvp4 c procedure in MATLAB mathematical *** numerical and graphical outcomes of controlling parameters such as Prandtl number,mixed convection,activation energy,thermophoresis,Brownian parameter,Biot number,Lewis number,Peclet number and motile concentration parameter against the velocity,temperature,volumetric concentration and motile concentration of nanoparticles of the fluid are *** velocity is enhanced with the growth valuation in mixed convection and decay by rising variation of buoyancy ratio parameter,magnetic parameter and bio-convective Rayleigh *** evolution in motile microorganisms is due to the increasing values of microorganisms Biot *** presented data can be helpful in enhancement of manufacturing processes,biomolecules,extrusion systems applications and energy production improvement.

关键词： bio-convection magnetic-nanofluid Cattaneo–Christov theory motile microorganisms inclined stretching cylinder

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Coupled Electromagnetic-thermal Analysis of Segmented PM Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 50-60页

作者： Wasiq Ullah Faisal Khan muhammad umair Erwan Sulaiman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad 22060Pakistan Department of Electrical Power Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit Raja 86400Malaysia

Compact stator structure of flux switching machines(FSMs)encompassing both permanent magnets(PMs)and armature winding slots(AWS)attract research interest whenever high power and density are the basic ***,it also results in temperature rises owing to heat generation by electromagnetic power losses degrading the electromagnetic performance and affecting machine *** this study,a segmented permanent magnet(SPM)consequent pole FSM(SPM-CPFSM)is developed,which provides a stator cooling channel(duct)for improved heat dissipation to avoid demagnetization of PM as well as ***,this study investigates detailed electromagnetic performance analysis and prediction of temperature variation in various machine parts owing to the heat generated by iron,copper,and magnet eddy current losses utilizing coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis accounting for magnetic flux density *** comparison with the 2D analysis,the developed 3D coupled-field analysis more accurately predicts electromagnetic performance and temperature *** reveals that a cooling duct at the stator significantly assists in stator heat dissipation in the axial direction ensuring a safe operating condition of the PMs as well as machine parts to avoid overheating.

关键词： AC machines coupled field consequent pole permanent magnet loss analysis thermal analysis

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Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry(Morus alba L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2291-2300页

作者： Ghulam Ali Bajwa muhammad umair Yasir Nawab Zahid Rizwan Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan National Textile University Faisalabad 37610Pakistan

Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse *** and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba ***,*** ***,*** ***,and *** ***-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon ***-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon *** results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon ***-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf *** had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=*** multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=*** the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Allometry Biomass estimation CO_(2)mitigation Moraceae Mulberry Regression models

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Organic single crystal phototransistors:Recent approaches and achievements

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Frontiers of physics 2021年第4期16卷 109-123页

作者： Changbin Zhao muhammad umair Ali Jiaoyi Ning Hong Meng School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute(TBSI) Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE)and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials&EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Organic phototransistors(OPTs),compared to traditional inorganic counterparts,have attracted a great deal of interest because of their inherent flexibility,light-weight,easy and low-cost fabrication,and are considered as potential candidates for next-generation wearable ***,significant advances have been made in OPTs with the development of new organic semiconductors and optimization of device fabrication *** various types of OPTs,small molecule organic single crystal phototransistors(OSCPTs)standout because of their exciting features,such as long exciton diffusion length and high charge carrier mobility relative to organic thinfilm *** this review,a brief introduction to device architectures,working mechanisms and figure of merits for OPTs is *** then overview recent approaches employed and achievements made for the development of ***,we spotlight potential future directions to tackle the existing challenges in this field and accelerate the advancement of OSCPTs towards practical applications.

关键词： photodetectors organic transistors organic phototransistors organic single crystals flexible electronics

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