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An Innovative Approach Utilizing Binary-View Transformer for Speech Recognition Task

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5547-5562页

作者： muhammad babar kamal Arfat Ahmad Khan Faizan Ahmed Khan Malik muhammad Ali Shahid Chitapong Wechtaisong muhammad Daud kamal muhammad Junaid Ali Peerapong Uthansakul COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus54000Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus61100Pakistan National University of Sciences&Technology Islamabad45550Pakistan Virtual University of Pakistan Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan

The deep learning advancements have greatly improved the performance of speech recognition systems,and most recent systems are based on the Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).Overall,the RNN works fine with the small sequence data,but suffers from the gradient vanishing problem in case of large *** transformer networks have neutralized this issue and have shown state-of-the-art results on sequential or speech-related ***,in speech recognition,the input audio is converted into an image using Mel-spectrogram to illustrate frequencies and *** image is classified by the machine learning mechanism to generate a classification ***,the audio frequency in the image has low resolution and causing inaccurate *** paper presents a novel end-to-end binary view transformer-based architecture for speech recognition to cope with the frequency resolution ***,the input audio signal is transformed into a 2D image using ***,the modified universal transformers utilize the multi-head attention to derive contextual information and derive different speech-related ***,a feedforward neural network is also deployed for *** proposed system has generated robust results on Google’s speech command dataset with an accuracy of 95.16%and with minimal *** binary-view transformer eradicates the eventuality of the over-fitting problem by deploying a multiview mechanism to diversify the input data,and multi-head attention captures multiple contexts from the data’s feature map.

关键词： Convolution neural network multi-head attention multi-view RNN self-attention speech recognition transformer

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Study of bending angle and shadow in a new Schwarzschild-like black hole affected by plasma and non-plasma mediums

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 309-318页

作者： Riasat Ali Tiecheng Xia muhammad Awais Rimsha babar Department of Mathematics Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mathematics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore-54890Pakistan Department of Mathematics GC University Faisalabad Layyah CampusLayyah-31200Pakistan

In this study,we analyze the models of the deflection angle of a new Schwarzschild-like black hole(BH)and employ the optical metric of the *** achieve this,we use the Gaussian curvature of the optical metric and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem,known as the Gibbons-Werner technique,to determine the deflection ***,we examine the deflection angle in the presence of a plasma medium and the effect of the plasma medium on the deflection *** deflection angle of the BH solution in the gauged super-gravity is computed using the Keeton-Petters *** the ray-tracing technique,we investigate the shadow of the corresponding BH and analyze the plots of the deflection angle and shadow to verify the influence of the plasma and algebraic thermodynamic parameters on the deflection angle and shadow.

关键词： new Schwarzschild-like black hole Gibbons-Werner and Keeton-Petters techniques deflection angle ray-tracing approach shadow

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Evolution of light deflection and shadow from a gauge-potential-like AdS black hole under the influence of a non-magnetic plasma medium

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 83-94页

作者： Riasat Ali Xia Tiecheng muhammad Awais Rimsha babar Department of Mathematics Shanghai University and Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai-200444China Department of Mathematics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore-54890Pakistan Department of Mathematics GC University Faisalabad Layyah CampusLayyah-31200Pakistan

We investigate the light deflection in the weak field approximation from the accelerating charged AdS black *** this purpose,we apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to calculate the light deflection in the weak field area and use the Gibbons–Werner approach to analyze the optical geometry of the accelerating charged AdS black hole in the non-magnetic plasma absence/presence of a non-magnetic *** also represent the graphical behavior of the light deflection angle *** impact *** also compute the light deflection angle using Keeton and Petters approximations under the impact of accelerating charged AdS black hole ***,by using the ray-tracing approach,we determine the shadow in the nonmagnetic plasma presence and also demonstrate that graphical shadow has an impact on the gauge potential,non-magnetic plasma frequencies and charge.

关键词： accelerating charged Ad S black hole Gibbons-Werner approach deflection angle ray-tracing approach shadow

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Computational Approach for Automated Segmentation and Classification of Region of Interest in Lateral Breast Thermograms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4749-4765页

作者： Dennies Tsietso Abid Yahya Ravi Samikannu Basit Qureshi muhammad babar Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications EngineeringBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyePrivate Bag 16Botswana College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet of Things Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer is one of the major health issues with high mortality rates and a substantial impact on patients and healthcare systems *** Computer-Aided Diagnosis(CAD)tools,based on breast thermograms,have been developed for early detection of this ***,accurately segmenting the Region of Interest(ROI)fromthermograms remains *** paper presents an approach that leverages image acquisition protocol parameters to identify the lateral breast region and estimate its bottomboundary using a second-degree *** proposed method demonstrated high efficacy,achieving an impressive Jaccard coefficient of 86%and a Dice index of 92%when evaluated against manually created ground *** features were extracted from each view’s ROI,with significant features selected via Mutual Information for training Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)*** findings revealed that the MLP classifier outperformed the KNN,achieving an accuracy of 86%,a specificity of 100%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of *** consistency of the method across both sides of the breast suggests its viability as an auto-segmentation ***,the classification results suggests that lateral views of breast thermograms harbor valuable features that can significantly aid in the early detection of breast cancer.

关键词： Breast cancer CAD machine learning ROI segmentation thermography

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Unlocking epigenetics for precision treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第3期36卷 322-340页

作者： Zhehao Fan Shuangshuang Dong Ning Wang muhammad babar Khawar Jingcheng Wang Haibo Sun Institute of Translational Medicine Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental&Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou 225001China Department of Pathology Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Department of Orthopedics Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China

Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young *** the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease remains ***,there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to address the challenges associated with EWS *** regulation,a crucial factor in physiological processes,plays a significant role in controlling cell proliferation,maintaining gene integrity,and regulating *** studies highlight the importance of abnormal epigenetic regulation in the initiation and progression of EWS.A comprehensive understanding of the intricate interactions between EWS and aberrant epigenetic regulation is essential for advancing clinical drug *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both epigenetic targets implicated in EWS,integrating various therapeutic modalities to offer innovative perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EWS.

关键词： Ewing’s sarcoma epigenetic targets drug resistance drug development

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Circulating tumor DNA and its role in detection, prognosis and therapeutics of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第2期36卷 195-214页

作者： Sana Rashid Yingchuan Sun Umair Ali Khan Saddozai Sikandar Hayyat muhammad Usman Munir muhammad Usman Akbar muhammad babar Khawar Zhiguang Ren Xinying Ji Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of LahoreLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Internal Oncology(Section Ⅰ) Xuchang Municipal Central HospitalXuchang 461000China Institute of Translational Medicine Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Australian Institute for Bioengineering&Nanotechnology the University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Gomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan 29111Pakistan Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab Department of ZoologyUniversity of NarowalNarowal Punjab 51600Pakistan Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory for Infection and Biosafety Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects Shu-Qing Medical College of ZhengzhouZhengzhou 450064China Department of Medicine Huaxian County People's HospitalHuaxian 456400China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is considered the fifth most prevalent cancer among all types of cancers and has the third most morbidity value. It has the most frequent duplication time and a high recurrence rate. Recently, the most unique technique used is liquid biopsies, which carry many markers;the most prominent is circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA). Varied methods are used to investigate ctDNA, including various forms of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) [emulsion PCR(ePCR), digital PCR(dPCR), and bead, emulsion, amplification, magnetic(BEAMing) PCR]. Hence ctDNA is being recognized as a potential biomarker that permits early cancer detection,treatment monitoring, and predictive data on tumor burden are subjective to therapy or surgery. Numerous ctDNA biomarkers have been investigated based on their alterations such as 1) single nucleotide variations(either insertion or deletion of a nucleotide) markers including TP53, KRAS, and CCND1;2) copy number variations which include markers such as CDK6, EFGR, MYC and BRAF;3) DNA methylation(RASSF1A, SEPT9, KMT2C and CCNA2);4) homozygous mutation includes ctDNA markers as CDKN2A, AXIN1;and 5) gain or loss of function of the genes, particularly for HCC. Various researchers have conducted many studies and gotten fruitful ***, there are some drawbacks to ctDNA namely low quantity, fragment heterogeneity, less stability, limited mutant copies and standards, and differential sensitivity. However, plenty of investigations demonstrate ctDNA's significance as a polyvalent biomarker for cancer and can be viewed as a future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agent. This article overviews many conditions in genetic changes linked to the onset and development of HCC, such as dysregulated signaling pathways, somatic mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and genomic instability. Additionally, efforts are also made to develop treatments for HCC that are molecularly targeted and to unravel some of the genetic pathways that f

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma circulating tumor DNA biomarkers single nucleotide variations diagnosis prognosis

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Elevating haptic interfaces:Dual-rate sampling and field programmable gate array implementation for multi-degree-of-freedom performance enhancement

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2024年第2期4卷 171-187页

作者： Majid Koul Suhail Khosa babar Ahmad Mechanical Engineering Islamic University of Science and TechnologyKashmirJammu and KashmirIndia Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarJammu and KashmirIndia

In this work,our primary focus centered on exploring the adaptability of the dualrate sampling scheme proposed earlier to enhance the performance of multi-degreeof-freedom(multi-DOF)impedance-based haptic *** scheme employed independent sampling rates in a haptics controller,effectively mitigating the issue of reduced Z-width at higher sampling rates.A key aspect of our investigation was the intricate implementation of the dual-rate sampling scheme on a field programmable gate array(FPGA).This implementation on a logic hardware FPGA was challenging and led to the effective comparison of the uniform-rate and dual-rate sampling schemes of the multi-DOF haptic *** used an in-house developed two-DOF pantograph as the haptic interface and an FPGA for implementing the controller ***-based implementation presented challenges that were vital in testing controller performances at higher sampling *** wall experiments were conducted to determine the stable and unstable interactions with the virtual *** complement the experimental results,we simulated the haptics force law for multi-DOF system on Simulink/***,the dual-rate sampling approach maintained the Z-width of the two-DOF haptic interface,even at higher controller sampling rates,distinguishing it from the conventional two-DOF uniform-rate control *** example,employing a dual-rate sampling combination of 20–2 kHz consistently ensured the stable rendering of a maximum virtual stiffness of approximately 700 N/mm and maintained a reliable virtual damping range spanning from 0 to 5 Ns/*** contrast,the 20 kHz uniform-rate sampling approach failed to ensure interface stability in the presence of virtual damping,ultimately resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of any virtual stiffness at higher sampling *** work,therefore,establishes the potential of dual-rate sampling in the realm of haptic technology,with practical applications in multi-DOF systems.

关键词： control FPGA haptic device simulation virtual reality Z-width

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Unraveling the complex landscape of endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Emerging role of long noncoding RNA AGPG and beyond

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第16期137卷 2024 Jul 19页

作者： Khawar muhammad babar Yu Shiyi Afzal Ali Sun Haibo Institute of Translational Medicine Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab Department of Zoology University of Narowal Narowal Pakistan Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan

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Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in WSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3585-3629页

作者： Imtiaz Ahmad Tariq Hussain babar Shah Altaf Hussain Iqtidar Ali Farman Ali Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China Department of Applied AI School of ConvergenceCollege of Computing and InformaticsSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063South Korea

Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and *** of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes,termed Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station(BS).These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering *** have several challenges,including throughput,energy usage,and network lifetime *** strategies have been applied to get over these *** may,therefore,be thought of as the best way to solve such ***,it is crucial to analyze effective Cluster Head(CH)selection to maximize efficiency throughput,extend the network lifetime,and minimize energy *** paper proposed an Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization(APSO)algorithm based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(NBEER),Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing(CEER),and Cooperative Relay Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(CR-NBEER)*** the help of APSO in the implementation of the WSN,the main methodology of this article has taken *** simulation findings in this study demonstrated that the suggested approach uses less energy,with respective energy consumption ranges of 0.1441 to 0.013 for 5 CH,1.003 to 0.0521 for 10 CH,and 0.1734 to 0.0911 for 15 *** sending packets ratio was also raised for all three CH selection scenarios,increasing from 659 to *** number of dead nodes likewise dropped for the given combination,falling between 71 and *** network lifetime was deemed to have risen based on the results found.A hybrid with a few valuable parameters can further improve the suggested APSO-based *** to underwater,WSN can make use of the proposed *** overall results have been evaluated and

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster head selection low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy accelerated particle swarm optimization

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Analysis of b→cτν¯_(τ)anomalies using weak effective Hamiltonian with complex couplings and their impact on various physical observables

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 56-75页

作者： muhammad Arslan Tahira Yasmeen Saba Shafaq Ishtiaq Ahmed muhammad Jamil Aslam Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Physics International Islamic UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan National Center for Physics Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Recently,the experimental measurements of the branching ratios and different polarization asymmetries for processes occurring through flavor-changing-charged current(b→cτν¯_(τ))transitions by babar,Belle,and LHCb have revealed some significant differences from the corresponding Standard Model(SM)*** has triggered an interest to search for physics beyond the SM in the context of various new physics(NP)models and using the model-independent weak effective Hamiltonian(WEH).Assuming left-handed neutrinos,we add the dimension-six vector,(pseudo-)scalar,and tensor operators with complex Wilson coefficients(WCs)to the SM *** 60%,30%,and 10%constraints resulting from the branching ratio of B_(c)→τν¯_(τ),we reassess the parametric space of these new physics WCs accommodating the current anomalies based on the most recent HFLAV data of R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*))and Belle data of F_(L)(D^(*))and P_(τ)(D^(*)).We find that the allowed parametric region of left-handed scalar couplings strongly depends on the constraints of the B_(c)→τν¯_(τ)branching ratio,and the maximum pull from the SM predictions results from the<60%branching ratio ***,the parametric region changes significantly if we extend the analysis by adding LHCb data of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)).Furthermore,due to the large uncertainties in the measurements of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c)),we derive the sum rules which complement them with R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*)).Using the best-fit points of the new complex WCs along with the latest measurements of R_(τ/μ,e)(D(^(*))),we predict the numerical values of the observable R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)),R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ),and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c))from the sum *** simultaneous dependence of abovementioned physical observables on the NP WCs is established by plotting their correlation with R_(D) and R_(D^(*)),which are useful to discriminate between various NP *** find that the most significant impact of NP results from the WC C^(S)_(L)=4C^(T).Fi

关键词： B meson anomalies new physics complex coupling HFLAV

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