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Urbanization and the Development of Gender in the Arabic Dialects

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2014年第3期2卷 129-156页

作者： muhammad al-Sharkawi Wayne State University Michigan USA

This article makes the claim that the difference between typologically Bedouin and urban dialects of Arabic in gender representation in the plural, is a function of the urbanization process the urban dialects of Arabic went through in the seventh century in the conquered territories. Contact induced linguistic processes of koineization and structural simplification in the newly established urban centers in the Middle East and North Africa immediately after the Arab conquests helped enhance the gender development that was already in effect before the Arab conquests. By comparing Bedouin and urban dialects to Classical Arabic, the article establishes that the three varieties were in a process of development in gender. Classical Arabic stopped at a particular stage, and Bedouin and urban dialects continued. Comparing Central Asian dialects to urban dialects of Egypt, they can see that at least to the eighth century, gender was a common feature of peninsular dialects. The article concludes by stating that the urban dialects developed further to lose all gender distinction in the plural because of the leveling and borrowing processes of the koineization in the urban centers in their formative period.

关键词： urbanization gender development Arabic dialects

Position Control of Flexible Joint Carts Using Adaptive Generalized Dynamics Inversion

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4691-4705页

作者： Ibrahim M.Mehedi Mohd Heidir Mohd Shah Soon Xin Ng Abdulah Jeza Aljohani Mohammed El-Hajjar muhammad Moinuddin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering(ECE) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems(CEIES) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Next Generation Wireless Research Group University of SouthamptonUK

This paper presents the design and implementation of Adaptive Generalized Dynamic Inversion(AGDI)to track the position of a Linear Flexible Joint Cart(LFJC)system along with vibration suppression of the flexible *** proposed AGDI control law will be comprised of two control *** baseline(continuous)control law is based on principle of conventional GDI approach and is established by prescribing the constraint dynamics of controlled state variables that reflect the control *** control law is realized by inverting the prescribed dynamics using dynamically scaledMoore-Penrose generalized *** boost the robust attributes against system nonlinearities,parametric uncertainties and external perturbations,a discontinuous control law will be augmented which is based on the concept of sliding mode *** discontinuous control law,the sliding mode gain is made adaptive in order to achieve improved tracking performance and chattering *** closed-loop stability of resultant control law is established by introducing a positive define Lyapunov candidate function such that semi-global asymptotic attitude tracking of LFJC system is *** computer simulations followed by experimental investigation will be performed on Quanser’s LFJC system to authenticate the feasibility of proposed control approach for its application to real world problems.

关键词： Adaptive control generalized dynamic inversion moore-penrose generalized inverse sliding mode control lyapunov stability semi-global asymptotic stability

运动原子和不同初始场相互作用系统中熵和纠缠的研究(英文)

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光子学报 2013年第10期42卷 1248-1255页

作者：廖庆洪鄢秋荣刘晔 muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad 南昌大学电子信息工程系南昌330031 南昌大学材料科学与工程学院南昌330031 北京师范大学射线束技术与材料改性教育部重点实验室北京100875 COMSATS信息技术学院物理系

通过计算线性熵研究了当场初始处于薛定谔猫态和压缩相干态时Jaynes-Cummings模型中原子线性熵随时间的演化特性,讨论了原子运动和场模结构参数对原子线性熵的影响.结果发现原子和场之间的纠缠对压缩参数非常敏感,并且结果表明当腔场初... 详细信息

通过计算线性熵研究了当场初始处于薛定谔猫态和压缩相干态时Jaynes-Cummings模型中原子线性熵随时间的演化特性,讨论了原子运动和场模结构参数对原子线性熵的影响.结果发现原子和场之间的纠缠对压缩参数非常敏感,并且结果表明当腔场初始处于Yurke-Stoler态时,原子的运动导致了线性熵的周期性演化,随着场模结构参数的增加,不但线性熵的演化周期缩短,而且线性熵的的幅值减小.当腔场初始处于偶相干态时,场模结构参数的增加导致了线性熵的演化周期缩短,然而对线性熵的幅值没有影响.

关键词：线性熵原子运动薛定谔猫态压缩相干态

Development of Environment Friendly Paddy Ecosystem for Sustainable Rice Farming through Soil Amendments with Biochar and Alternate Wetting-Drying Irrigations

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第4期10卷 581-596页

作者： muhammad Aslam Ali Md. Rajib Hassan Zubair Al Islam Sanjit Chandra Barman Badiuzzaman khan Rehana Khatun Hafsa Jahan Hiya Md. Touhidul Islam Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Department of Irrigation and Water Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Climate change may badly affect the availability of water and soil nutrients to rice plant. Research experiments were conducted at the Environmental Science Departmental field, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July 2017 to June 2019, to find out the suitable combination of biochar with inorganic fertilizers for minimizing seasonal yield scaled CH4 emissions, reducing global warming potentials (GWPs) and sustainable rice farming under feasible irrigation practices. There were ten experimental treatments with different combinations of inorganic NPKS fertilizers and biochar (15 - 30 t/ha) under conventional flooding (CF) and alternate wetting-drying irrigations (AWDI). This study revealed that NPKS fertilization (50% of the recommended doze) with 15 t/ha biochar amendments under AWD irrigation maximized rice yield 6750 kg/ha and 4380 kg/ha in dry boro and wet aman seasons respectively, while the lowest rice yield 1850 kg/ha and 1550 kg/ha were recorded in continuously irrigated control treatment (T1) during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Seasonal cumulative CH4 emission, yield scaled CH4 emission and GWPs were suppressed significantly with biochar amendments 15 - 30 t/ha under both conventional and AWDI irrigation systems during the wet and dry seasons of rice cultivation. Significant interactions were observed among biochar amendments and irrigation practices during the dry boro rice cultivation. Dry seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions were decreased by 14.7%, 18.9% and 24.8% with biochar amendments at 15 t/ha, 20 t/ha and 30 t/ha respectively under conventional irrigation;while cumulative CH4 emissions were reduced by 10.6%, 26% and 41.6% respectively, under AWDI system. Finally, total global warming potentials (GWPs) were decreased by 6% - 15%, 13% - 30% with biochar amendments under conventional and AWDI irrigations respectively, in wet season;while global warming potentials

关键词： CH4 Flux GWPs AWDI Yield Scaled CH4 Emission Dry Boro Rice Rainfed Aman Rice

Evaluating the Impact of Software Security Tactics: A Design Perspective

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2283-2299页

作者： Mamdouh Alenezi Abhishek Kumar Pandey Richa Verma Mohd Faizan Shalini Chandra Alka Agrawal Rajeev Kumar Raees Ahmad khan College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia Department of Computer Science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia Department of Computer Application Shri Ramswaroop Memorial UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia

Design architecture is the edifice that strengthens the functionalities as well as the security of web *** order to facilitate architectural security from the web application’s design phase itself,practitioners are now adopting the novel mechanism of security *** the intent to conduct a research from the perspective of security tactics,the present study employs a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach named fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(AHP-TOPSIS)method for selecting and assessing multi-criteria *** adopted methodology is a blend of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(fuzzy AHP)and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(fuzzy TOPSIS).To establish the efficacy of this methodology,the results are obtained after the evaluation have been tested on fifteen different web application projects(Online Quiz competition,Entrance Test,and others)of the Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow,*** tabulated outcomes demonstrate that the methodology of the Multi-Level Fuzzy Hybrid system is highly effective in providing accurate estimation for strengthening the security of web *** proposed study will help experts and developers in developing and managing security from any web application design phase for better accuracy and higher security.

关键词： Web application software security security tactics fuzzy AHP fuzzy TOPSIS

The role of graveyards in species conservation and beta diversity:a vegetation appraisal of sacred habitats from Bannu,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1147-1158页

作者： Saqib Kamran Shujaul Mulk khan Zeeshan Ahmad Amjad Ur Rahman Majid Iqbal Fazal Manan Zahoor Ul Haq Saif Ullah Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Graveyards or sacred groves are often places of natural vegetation protected by spiritual believers because of their sacred beliefs and indigenous culture.A study of graveyards was conducted to determine their role in species conservation,community formation,and associated indicators and species composition using multivariate statistical *** was hypothesized that variations in the age of graveyards would give rise to diverse plant communities under the impact of various edaphic and climatic *** ecological techniques were applied to determine various phytosociological *** the data were put in MS Excel for analysis in PCORD and CANOCO softwares for cluster analysis(CA),two-way cluster analysis(TWCA),indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence *** and TWCA through Sorenson distance measurements identified five major graveyard plant communities:(1)FicusBougainvillea-Chenopodium;(2)Acacia-Datura-Convolvulus;(3)Ziziphus-Vitex-Abutilon;(4)Acacia-Lantana-Salsola;and(5)*** such as Capparis decidua,Herniaria hirsuta,Salvadora oliedes and Populus euphratica were only present inside graveyards rather than outside and advocate the role of graveyards in species *** impact of different environmental and climatic variables plus the age of the graveyards were also assessed for comparison of plant communities and their respective indicator *** results indicate that higher chlorine concentration,age of graveyards,low soil electrical conductivity,lower anthropogenic activities,higher nitrogen,calcium and magnesium concentrations in the soil,and sandy soils were the strong environmental variables playing a significant role in the formation of graveyard plant communities,their associated indicators and species distribution *** results could further be utilized to evaluate the role of edaphic and climatic factors,indicator species and conservation management practices at a gr

关键词： Graveyards/Sacred groves Plant communities Multivariate statistical techniques Indicator species Edaphic factors Conservation PCORD software

Vortex Field Propagation in a Hexagonal Multicore Fiber Array

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2014年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： muhammad A. Mushref Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee USA

The propagation of an optical vortex in a hexagonally arranged single mode multicore fiber structure is investigated for possible generation of additional vortices and their spread dynamics. Fields are separated into a slowly varying paraxial envelope and a rapidly changing exponential component. Solutions are derived from the paraxial inhomogeneous Schrodinger equation in two dimensions along with the index of refraction of the proposed structure. Numerical analyses are based on the beam propagation method and transparent boundary conditions in matrix form with different parameters to represent the intensity and phase of all derived fields. Vortices are numerically identified by their points of zero intensity and their phase change or polarity. The optical interferogram with a plane wave reference is also employed to distinguish the dislocation points in the transverse directions of the propagating fields.

关键词： Optical Vortex Beam Propagation Method Transparent Boundary Conditions Multicore Fibers Optical Interferogram

A Framework for Systematic Classification of Assets for Security Testing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 631-645页

作者： Sadeeq Jan Omer Bin Tauqeer Fazal Qudus khan George Tsaramirsis Awais Ahmad Iftikhar Ahmad Imran Maqsood Niamat Ullah National Center for Cyber Security Department of CS&ITUniversity of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Information Technology FCITKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Dipartimento di Informatica(DI) UniversitàDegli Studi di Milano StataleVia Celoria 18MilanoItaly Department of Computer Science&IT University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyMardanPakistan University of Buner BunerPakistan

Over the last decade,a significant increase has been observed in the use of web-based Information systems that process sensitive information,e.g.,personal,financial,*** this increased use,the security of such systems became a crucial aspect to ensure safety,integrity and authenticity of the *** achieve the objectives of data safety,security testing is ***,with growth and diversity of information systems,it is challenging to apply security testing for each and every ***,it is important to classify the assets based on their required level of security using an appropriate *** this paper,we propose an asset security classification technique to classify the System Under Test(SUT)based on various factors such as system exposure,data criticality and security *** perform an extensive evaluation of our technique on a sample of 451 information ***,we use security testing on a sample extracted from the resulting prioritized systems to investigate the presence of *** technique achieved promising results of successfully assigning security levels to various assets in the tested environments and also found several vulnerabilities in them.

关键词： Security security testing privacy asset classification

Theropods, Mesoeucrocodiles and Pterosaurs Found from the Latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Balochistan, Pakistan;Description with Large Photographs and Comparison with Coeval Taxa from Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第5期10卷 510-551页

作者： muhammad Sadiq Malkani Geological Survey of Pakistan Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir Pakistan

Theropods, mesoeucrocodiles and pterosaurs (along with titanosaurian sauropods) are found in two overbank flood deposited mottled muds/shale units (alternated by meandering river deposited sandstone unit) of the latest Maastrichtian (67 - 66 Ma) Vitakri Formation, Barkhan District, Balochistan, Pakistan. These vertebrates coexisted under the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary line of control and became extinct as mass extinction. Previously these taxa lack the detail description but here theropods, mesoeucrocodiles and pterosaur from Pakistan are being described well with large photographs which provide better understanding of fauna from Pakistan and comparison with coeval taxa from Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. These fauna with associated cranial and postcranial skeletons are significant for Gondwanan paleobiogeography and phylogenetic studies.

关键词： Theropods Mesoeucrocodiles Pterosaurs Latest Maastrichtian Pakistan