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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Di- and Triorganotin（IV） Carboxylates Derived from para-Nitrophenylethanoic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第7期29卷 1359-1365页

作者： Danish, muhammad Ahmad, Nazir Ali, Saqib muhammad, Niaz Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat-50700 Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Sargodha Srgoadha 40100 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan

Thermogravimetric （TG） investigations of organotin（IV） carboxylates with the general formula RmSnL4-m （where R=CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9, C6H5, cyclo-C6H11, n-C8H17, m=2, 3, and L=para-nitrophenylethanoate anion） have been performed. Derivative thermogravimetry （DTG） and differential thermal analysis （DTA） techniques, Horowitz-Metzger method and the fundamental thermodynamic relations are used to evaluate the thermokinetic pa- rameters of each thermal degradation pattern. Results reveal that the thermal stability is functional to Sn--C and Sn--O bonds. In the case of R2SnL2, activation energy, reaction order and pre-exponential factor associated with the bulk degradation processes increase as the alkane chain length increases. Hence, Oct2SnL2 is thermally more stable than Bu2SnL2, which in turn is more resistant to thermal dissociation than Et2SnL2. The same phenomenon is not observed for R3SnL compounds because their degradation is highly irregular. Furthermore, R2SnL2 has larger values of kinetic parameters than those of corresponding triorganotin（IV） para-nitrophenylethanotes. Thermodynamic parameters of these compounds also reinforce the above facts.

关键词： organotin(IV) caroxylate thermogravimetry decomposition kinetics activation energy thermodynamics

Surface plasmon polaritons induced reduced hacking

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 379-384页

作者： Bakhtawar muhammad Haneef Humayun Khan Lab of Theoretical Physics Hazara University Mansehra21300 KPPakistan

There is always need for secure transmission of information and simultaneously compact-size photonic circuits. This can be achieved if surface plasmon-polaritons(SPPs) are used as source of information, and the reduced hacking as the transmission phenomenon. In this article, an SPP-based reduced hacking scheme is presented at interface between atomic medium and metallic conductor. The SPP propagation is manipulated with conductivity of the metal. The delay or advance of the SPP is found to create nanosecond time gap which can be used for storing and sending the information safely. The reduced hacking is further modified with conductivity of the metal and the control parameters of the atomic medium.

关键词： surface plasmons coherent control of atomic interactions with photons reduced hacking surface conductivity

Spatial assessment of forest cover and land-use changes in the Hindu-Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第7期13卷 1229-1237页

作者： Sami ULLAH muhammad FAROOQ muhammad SHAFIQUE muhammad Afra SIYAB Fazli KAREEM Matthias DEES Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information System Institute of Forest SciencesFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraβe 479106 FreiburgGermany Pakistan Space and UpperAtmospheric Research Commission(SUPARCO) HayatabadPhase 525124 PeshawarPakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25120 PeshawarPakistan Office of the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) sector G-5/24400IslamabadPakistan Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23004Pakistan

Anthropogenic activities and natural processes are continuously altering the mountainous environment through deforestation, forest degradation and other land-use changes. It is highly important to assess, monitor and forecast forest cover and other land-use changes for the protection and conservation of mountainous environment. The present study deals with the assessment of forest cover and other land-use changes in the mountain ranges of Dir Kohistan in northern Pakistan, using high resolution multi-temporal SPOT-5 satellite images. The SPOT-5 satellite images of years 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 were acquired and classified into land-cover units. In addition, forest cover and land-use change detection map was developed using the classified maps of 2004 and 2013. The classified maps were verified through random field samples and Google Earth imagery(Quick birds and SPOT-5). The results showed that during the period 2004 to 2013 the area of forest land decreased by 6.4%, however, area of range land and agriculture land have increased by 22.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Similarly, barren land increased by 1.1%, whereas, area of snow cover/glacier is significantly decreased by 21.3%. The findings from the study will be useful for forestry and landscape planning and can be utilized by the local, provincial and national forest departments; and REDD+ policy makers in Pakistan.

关键词： Forest cover changes Land use changes Remote sensing Hindu-Kush Mountain regions SPOT satellite images

Customer Prioritization for Medical Supply Chain During COVID-19 Pandemic

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 59-72页

作者： Iram Mushtaq muhammad Umer muhammad Imran Inzamam Mashood Nasir Ghulam muhammad Mohammad Shorfuzzaman Department of Management Sciences Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology45230IslamabadPakistan Department of Operation&Supply Chain Management NUST Business SchoolNational University of Sciences&Technology45200IslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University TaxilaTaxilaPakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

During COVID-19,the escalated demand for various pharmaceutical products with the existing production capacity of pharmaceutical companies has stirred the need to prioritize its customers in order to fulfill their *** study considers a two-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain considering various pharma-distributors as its suppliers and hospitals,pharmacies,and retail stores as its *** studies have generally considered a balanced situation in terms of supply and demand whereas this study considers a special situation of COVID-19 pandemic where demand exceeds supply Various criteria have been identified from the literature that influences the selection of customers.A questionnaire has been developed to collect primary data from pharmaceutical suppliers pertaining to customerselection *** criteria have been prioritized with respect to eigenvalues obtained from Principal Component Analysis and also validated with the experts’domain-related knowledge using Analytical Hierarchy *** potential appeared to be the most important criteria of customer selection followed by trust and service convenience brand loyalty,commitment,brand awareness,brand image,sustainable behavior,and ***,Multi Criteria Decision Analysis has been performed to prioritize the customerselection criteria and customers with respect to selection *** experts with seven and three and ten years of experience have participated in the *** of the study suggest large hospitals,large pharmacies,and small retail stores are the highly preferred ***,findings of prioritization of customer-selection criteria fromboth Principal Component Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process are ***,this study considers the experience of three experts to calculate an aggregate score of priorities to reach an effective *** traditional supply chain problems of supplier selection,this study considers a selection

关键词： Pandemic customer prioritization pharmaceutical supply chain principal component analysis multi-criteria decision-making

On Edge Irregular Reflexive Labeling of Categorical Product of Two Paths

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第3期36卷 485-492页

作者： muhammad Javed Azhar Khan muhammad Ibrahim Ali Ahmad Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Among the huge diversity of ideas that show up while studying graph theory,one that has obtained a lot of popularity is the concept of labelings of *** labelings give valuable mathematical models for a wide scope of applications in high technologies(cryptography,astronomy,data security,various coding theory problems,communication networks,etc.).A labeling or a valuation of a graph is any mapping that sends a certain set of graph elements to a certain set of numbers subject to certain *** labeling is a mapping of elements of the graph,i.e.,vertex and for edges to a set of numbers(usually positive integers),called *** the domain is the vertex-set or the edge-set,the labelings are called vertex labelings or edge labelings ***,if the domain is V(G)[E(G)],then the labeling is called total labeling.A reflexive edge irregular k-labeling of graph introduced by Tanna et al.:A total labeling of graph such that for any two different edges ab and a'b'of the graph their weights has wt_(x)(ab)=x(a)+x(ab)+x(b) and wt_(x)(a'b')=x(a')+x(a'b')+x(b') are *** smallest value of k for which such labeling exist is called the reflexive edge strength of the graph and is denoted by res(G).In this paper we have found the exact value of the reflexive edge irregularity strength of the categorical product of two paths (P_(a)×P_(b))for any choice of a≥3 and b≥3.

关键词： Edge irregular reflexive labeling reflexive edge strength categorical product of two paths

An Abstractive Summarization Technique with Variable Length Keywords as per Document Diversity

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2409-2423页

作者： muhammad Yahya Saeed muhammad Awais muhammad Younas muhammad Arif Shah Atif Khan M.Irfan Uddin Marwan Mahmoud Department of Software Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of IT and Computer Science Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawarPakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan Faculty of Applied Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Text Summarization is an essential area in text mining,which has procedures for text *** natural language processing,text summarization maps the documents to a representative set of descriptive ***,the objective of text extraction is to attain reduced expressive contents from the text *** summarization has two main areas such as abstractive,and extractive *** text summarization has further two approaches,in which the first approach applies the sentence score algorithm,and the second approach follows the word embedding *** such text extractions have limitations in providing the basic theme of the underlying *** this paper,we have employed text summarization by TF-IDF with PageRank keywords,sentence score algorithm,and Word2Vec word *** study compared these forms of the text summarizations with the actual text,by calculating cosine ***,TF-IDF based PageRank keywords are extracted from the other two extractive *** intersection over these three types of TD-IDF keywords to generate the more representative set of keywords for each text document is *** technique generates variable-length keywords as per document diversity instead of selecting fixedlength keywords for each *** form of abstractive summarization improves metadata similarity to the original text compared to all other forms of summarized *** also solves the issue of deciding the number of representative keywords for a specific text *** evaluate the technique,the study used a sample of more than eighteen hundred text *** abstractive summarization follows the principles of deep learning to create uniform similarity of extracted words with actual text and all other forms of text *** proposed technique provides a stable measure of similarity as compared to existing forms of text summarization.

关键词： Metadata page rank sentence score word2vec cosine similarity This

The New Neutrosophic Double and Triple Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Charts

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第10期129卷 373-391页

作者： Ambreen Shafqat muhammad Aslam muhammad Saleem Zameer Abbas Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics School of ScienceNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Department of Statistics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Statistics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21551Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering-RabighKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Goverment Ambala Muslim Graduate College Sargodha40100Pakistan

The concept of neutrosophic statistics is applied to propose two monitoring schemes which are an improvement of the neutrosophic exponentially weighted moving average(NEWMA)*** this study,two control charts are designed under the uncertain environment or neutrosophic statistical interval system,when all observations are undermined,imprecise or *** are termed neutrosophic double and triple exponentially weighted moving average(NDEWMA and NTEWMA)control *** the proficiency of the proposed chart,Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the run-length characteristics(such as average run length(ARL),standard deviation of the run length(SDRL),percentiles(P_(25),P_(50),P_(75)))of the proposed *** structures of the proposed control charts are more effective in detecting small shifts while these are comparable with the other existing charts in detecting moderate and large *** simulation study and real-life implementations of the proposed charts show that the proposed NDEWMA and NTEWMA charts perform better in monitoring the process of road traffic crashes and electric engineering data as compared to the existing control ***,the proposed charts will be helpful in minimizing the road accident and minimizing the defective ***,the proposed charts are more acceptable and actual to apply in uncertain environment.

关键词： Exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) double EWMA triple EWMA neutrosophic control chart run-length

Improved Sequencing Heuristic DSDV Protocol Using Nomadic Mobility Model for FANETS

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3653-3666页

作者： Inam Ullah Khan muhammad Abul Hassan muhammad Fayaz Jeonghwan Gwak muhammad Adnan Aziz Department of Electronic Engineering Isra University(SEAS)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computing and Technology Abasyn University Peshawar25000Pakistan Deparment of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJejuKorea Department of Software Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Robotics Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of IT&Energy Convergence(BK21 FOUR) Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea

Most interesting area is the growing demand of flying-IoT mergers with smart ***,aerial vehicles,especially unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),have limited capabilities for maintaining node energy *** order to communicate effectively,IoT is a key element for smart *** improving network performance,routing protocols can be deployed in flying-IoT to improve latency,packet drop rate,packet delivery,power utilization,and average-end-to-end ***,in literature,proposed techniques are verymuch complex which cannot be easily implemented in realworld *** issue leads to the development of lightweight energyefficient routing in flying-IoT *** paper addresses the energy conservation problem in *** paper presents a novel approach for the internet of flying vehicles using DSDV ***-DSDV gives the notion of bellman-ford algorithm consisting of routing updates,information broadcasting,and stale *** shows optimal results in comparison with other contemporary routing *** mobility model is utilized in the scenario of flying networks to check the performance of routing protocols.

关键词： Flying-IoT DSR smart cities UAV’s FANETS

Tropospheric Scintillation Estimation Using 10 Years Meteorological Data

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China Communications 2015年第3期12卷 43-49页

作者： muhammad Tahir PIAO Yan muhammad Aslam Azizur Rahim School of Electronics and Information Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology School of Software Dalian University of Technology

This paper presents estimation of tropospheric scintillation based on ITU-R model from previous 10 years meteorological *** As(p) is critical in designing of microwave links for achieving optimal *** are many phenomenons that cause degradation to signal during transmission through the earth's atmosphere one of them is *** estimation is based on measurements of surface temperature T and relative humidity *** parameter for ITU-R scintillation estimation model is the monthly average of wet part of refractivity *** software tool is employed to show the results for tropospheric scintillation in various seasons for time percentage p and frequencies ranging from 4GHz to 20 GHz.

关键词： troposphere scintillation ITU-R fading meteorology