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Underground communication:Long non-coding RNA signaling in the plant rhizosphere

Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 28-51页

作者： muhammad Fahad Leeza Tariq Sajid muhammad Liang Wu Hainan Institute Zhejiang UniversitySanyaHainan 572000China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as integral gene-expression regulators underlying plant growth,development,and *** adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic rhizosphere,plants use interconnected regulatory mechanisms to optimally fine-tune gene-expression-governing interactions with soil biota,as well as nutrient acquisition and heavy metal ***,high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of plant lncRNAs responsive to rhizosphere biotic and abiotic ***,we examine lncRNA biogenesis,classification,and mode of action,highlighting the functions of lncRNAs in mediating plant adaptation to diverse rhizosphere *** then discuss studies that reveal the significance and target genes of lncRNAs during developmental plasticity and stress responses at the rhizobium interface.A comprehensive understanding of specific lncRNAs,their regulatory targets,and the intricacies of their functional interaction networks will provide crucial insights into how these transcriptomic switches fine-tune responses to shifting rhizosphere *** ahead,we foresee that single-cell dissection of cell-type-specific lncRNA regulatory dynamics will enhance our understanding of the precise developmental modulation mechanisms that enable plant rhizosphere *** future challenges through multi-omics and genetic approaches will more fully reveal the integral roles of lncRNAs in governing plant adaptation to the belowground environment.

关键词： biotic and abiotic cues heavy metals long non-coding RNAs nutrients phytoremediation rhizosphere microbiome

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Photochemical reactions as synthetic tool for pharmaceutical industries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 9-31页

作者： Shehla Khalid muhammad Bilal Nasir Rasool muhammad Imran Department of Chemistry Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong UniversityJi’nan 250100China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

In the quest for new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals,chemists seek access to reliable and mild synthetic techniques to allow for the systematic modification of chemical structures,exploration of unexplored chemical space,and facilitation of practical synthesis in their search for novel agrochemicals and *** this regard,photocatalytic reactions enabled the synthesis of intricate and more functionalized *** review overviews the developed synthetic methodologies and their utility in the chemical synthesis of *** review also offers in-depth insights into contemporary photoredox reactions such as allylic additions,cyclization,reductive cross-coupling,C–H activation,ring opening,oxidative cross-coupling,dehydrogenation,desulphonation,and *** provides a positive outlook for the promising future of this field.

关键词： Photocatalyst Photochemical reactions Drugs Natural products Late-stage functionalization

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Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation,Kala-Chitta Range,Pakistan:Equivalent of Gurpi Formation(Iran)

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 332-348页

作者： muhammad Awais Bilal Wadood muhammad Ishaq muhammad Bilal Zeeshan Zafar Nasar Khan Aminullah Khan Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbar-SwabiKhyber PakhtunkhwaSwabi23561Pakistan Department of Earth Environmental and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples80126Italy State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25130Pakistan Department of Geological Engineering School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an610500China Department of Petroleum Geology and Engineering School of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Department of Geology University of MalakandDir Lower18800ChakdaraPakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

The present study is focused on evaluation of deep marine pelagic sediments of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation of Kala-Chitta Range in the context of microfacies analysis,paleoenvironmental interpretation,planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and diversification of species.A total of thirty three rock samples were collected from the measured *** microfacies are interpreted,namely planktonic foraminifera wackestone,planktonic foraminifera mudstone and sandy mudstone indicating low energy depositional environment i.e.,outer *** biostratigraphic studies show plentiful planktonic foraminifera species of Globotruncana,Heterohelix and ***,no association of benthic or siliceous organisms was *** the basis of available species assemblage,a single local planktonic foraminifera biozone i.e.,Globotruncana-Heterohelix-Globotruncanita Assemblage Biozone is *** biozone information is combined with published literature and Lower Santonian to Middle Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Kawagarh *** trend of species occurrences evinces that species number decreases over time with pulsated rise in the Kawagarh *** Kawagarh Formation carbonates show an overall Transgressive Systems Tract(TST).The Kawagarh Formation of Pakistan evinces analogous characteristics to that of the Late Cretaceous Gurpi Formation of Iran based on the geologic age,outcrop lithology,microfacies,planktonic foraminiferal assemblages,depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： depositional fabric biostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation Pakistan Gurpi Formation Iran

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Cold plasma-induced effects on electromagnetic wave scattering in waveguides:a mode-matching analysis

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 144-156页

作者： shahana Rizvi muhammad Afzal Department of Mathematics Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular *** technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering *** accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments,which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation *** study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.

关键词： electromagnetic waves scattering cold plasma metallic conducting mode-matching technique

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Predicting Age and Gender in Author Profiling: A Multi-Feature Exploration

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3333-3353页

作者： Aiman muhammad Arshad Bilal Khan Sadique Ahmad muhammad Asim Department of Computer Science City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan EIAS:Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China

Author Profiling (AP) is a subsection of digital forensics that focuses on the detection of the author’s personalinformation, such as age, gender, occupation, and education, based on various linguistic features, e.g., stylistic,semantic, and syntactic. The importance of AP lies in various fields, including forensics, security, medicine, andmarketing. In previous studies, many works have been done using different languages, e.g., English, Arabic, French,***, the research on RomanUrdu is not up to the ***, this study focuses on detecting the author’sage and gender based on Roman Urdu text messages. The dataset used in this study is Fire’18-MaponSMS. Thisstudy proposed an ensemble model based on AdaBoostM1 and Random Forest (AMBRF) for AP using multiplelinguistic features that are stylistic, character-based, word-based, and sentence-based. The proposed model iscontrasted with several of the well-known models fromthe literature, including J48-Decision Tree (J48),Na飗e Bays(NB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Composite Hypercube on Random Projection (CHIRP), NB-Updatable,RF, and AdaboostM1. The overall outcome shows the better performance of the proposed AdaboostM1 withRandom Forest (ABMRF) with an accuracy of 54.2857% for age prediction and 71.1429% for gender predictioncalculated on stylistic features. Regarding word-based features, age and gender were considered in 50.5714% and60%, respectively. On the other hand, KNN and CHIRP show the weakest performance using all the linguisticfeatures for age and gender prediction.

关键词： Digital forensics author profiling for security AdaBoostM1 random forest ensemble learning

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Federated Machine Learning Based Fetal Health Prediction Empowered with Bio-Signal Cardiotocography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3303-3321页

作者： muhammad Umar Nasir Omar Kassem Khalil Karamath Ateeq Bassam SaleemAllah Almogadwy muhammad Adnan Khan muhammad Hasnain Azam Khan muhammad Adnan Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Lahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Information Technology Liwa CollegeAbu Dhabi00000United Arab Emirates Department of Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjah1797United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Engineering and Development Dubizzle LabsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam-si13120Korea

Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to detect whether the fetus is normal or suspect or *** cardiotocography measures infer wrongly and give wrong predictions because of human *** traditional way of reading the cardiotocography measures is the time taken and belongs to numerous human errors as *** condition is very important to measure at numerous stages and give proper medications to the fetus for its *** the current period Machine learning(ML)is a well-known classification strategy used in the biomedical field on various issues because ML is very fast and gives appropriate results that are better than traditional *** techniques play a pivotal role in detecting fetal disease in its early *** research article uses Federated machine learning(FML)and ML techniques to classify the condition of the *** study proposed a model for the detection of bio-signal cardiotocography that uses FML and ML techniques to train and test the ***,the proposed model of FML used numerous data preprocessing techniques to overcome data deficiency and achieves 99.06%and 0.94%of prediction accuracy and misprediction rate,respectively,and parallel the proposed model applying K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and achieves 82.93%and 17.07%of prediction accuracy and misprediction accuracy,***,by comparing both models FML outperformed the KNN technique and achieved the best and most appropriate prediction results as compared with previous studies the proposed study achieves the best and most accurate results.

关键词： Cardiotocography ML FML fetal disease bio-signal

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A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Spectral Image Classification in Agricultural Applications Using Aerial Photography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 2967-3000页

作者： Usman Khan muhammad Khalid Khan muhammad Ayub Latif muhammad Naveed muhammad Mansoor Alam Salman A.Khan Mazliham Mohd Su’ud College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi Institute of Economics and TechnologyKarachi75190Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics(FCI) Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia Faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityIslamabad46000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

Recently,there has been a notable surge of interest in scientific research regarding spectral *** potential of these images to revolutionize the digital photography industry,like aerial photography through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs),has captured considerable *** encouraging aspect is their combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms,which have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in image *** a result of this powerful amalgamation,the adoption of spectral images has experienced exponential growth across various domains,with agriculture being one of the prominent *** paper presents an extensive survey encompassing multispectral and hyperspectral images,focusing on their applications for classification challenges in diverse agricultural areas,including plants,grains,fruits,and *** meticulously examining primary studies,we delve into the specific agricultural domains where multispectral and hyperspectral images have found practical ***,our attention is directed towards utilizing machine learning techniques for effectively classifying hyperspectral images within the agricultural *** findings of our investigation reveal that deep learning and support vector machines have emerged as widely employed methods for hyperspectral image classification in ***,we also shed light on the various issues and limitations of working with spectral *** comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the current state of spectral imaging in agriculture and its potential for future advancements.

关键词： Machine learning deep learning unmanned aerial vehicles multi-spectral images image recognition object detection hyperspectral images aerial photography

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Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) delivery system improve the protective efficacy of recombinant antigen TA4 against Eimeria tenella infection

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) delivery system improve the p...

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2021中国畜牧兽医学会兽医寄生虫学分会第二届青年科学家学术论坛

作者： Jianmei Huang Siying Chen Zhouyang Zhou Xiaoting Sun muhammad Haseeb Shakeel Ahmed Lakho Yang Zhang Jiabin Liu muhammad ali A shah Xiaokai Song Lixin Xu Ruofeng Yan 李祥瑞 College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Departure of Parasitology and Microbiology PMAS Arid Agriculture University

Eimeria tenella is a protozoan parasite endemic in chickens and is one of the causative agents of avian *** aim of this research was to determine if poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles carrying recombinant TA4 protein of ***(rEtTA4) could improve the level of protective immunity against *** *** TA4 protein was expressed and ***(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) loaded with rEtTA4(PLGA-rEtTA4) nanoparticles was prepared and was delivered to 2-week-old layer chickens via intramuscular *** injected with PBS and PLGA nanoparticles were served as control *** rEtTA4 and PLGA-rEtTA4 nanoparticles induced changes of serum cytokines,IgY levels,and T lymphocytes subpopulation,and the protective efficacy against *** challenge was *** showed that both rEtTA4 and PLGA-rEtTA4 vaccination groups induced significantly higher levels of specific EtTA4 IgY antibody and IL-17 and higher proportion of CD8 T ***,no significant differences were observed in the proportion of CD4 T lymphocytes compared with the PBS *** immunized with rEtTA4 and PLGA-rEtTA4 prominently increased the BW gains and decreased oocyst output compared with chickens immunized with PBS and PLGA after oral challenge with ***(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) encapsulated rEtTA4 nanoparticles-immunized chickens significantly induced higher levels of interferon gamma,IL-6,and IL-17 and a little bit higher proportion of CD8+T lymphocytes compared with rEtTA4 subunit vaccine-immunized ***,PLGA encapsulated rEtTA4 nanoparticles appeared to have great potential to enhance the immune response and improved the protective efficacy against *** *** results provided available protective subunit vaccine rEtTA4 and PLGA loaded with rEtTA4 nanoparticles against coccidiosis and suggested that PLGA nanoparticles could be an effective adjuvant to enhance the protective efficacy

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RUSAS: Roman Urdu Sentiment Analysis System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1463-1480页

作者： Kazim Jawad muhammad Ahmad Majdah Alvi muhammad Bux Alvi Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Frankfurt University of Applied SciencesFrankfurt am Main60318Germany Technical Writer and Researcher Proteus Technologies LLCIslamabad04405Pakistan Faculty of Engineering The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan

Sentiment analysis, the meta field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), attempts to analyze and identify thesentiments in the opinionated text data. People share their judgments, reactions, and feedback on the internetusing various languages. Urdu is one of them, and it is frequently used worldwide. Urdu-speaking people prefer tocommunicate on social media in Roman Urdu (RU), an English scripting style with the Urdu language *** have developed versatile lexical resources for features-rich comprehensive languages, but limitedlinguistic resources are available to facilitate the sentiment classification of Roman Urdu. This effort encompassesextracting subjective expressions in Roman Urdu and determining the implied opinionated text polarity. Theprimary sources of the dataset are Daraz (an e-commerce platform), Google Maps, and the manual effort. Thecontributions of this study include a Bilingual Roman Urdu Language Detector (BRULD) and a Roman UrduSpelling Checker (RUSC). These integrated modules accept the user input, detect the text language, correct thespellings, categorize the sentiments, and return the input sentence’s orientation with a sentiment intensity *** developed system gains strength with each input experience gradually. The results show that the languagedetector gives an accuracy of 97.1% on a close domain dataset, with an overall sentiment classification accuracy of94.3%.

关键词： Roman Urdu sentiment analysis Roman Urdu language detector Roman Urdu spelling checker flask

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Probing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electrolytes for Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第3期30卷 262-283页

作者： Shakeel Ahmed Faizah Altaf Safyan Akram Khan Sumaira Manzoor Aziz Ahmad muhammad Mansha shahid ali Ata-ur-Rehman Karl Jacob School of Material Science and Engineering Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic MaterialsHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

PPMG-based composite electrolytes were fabricated via the solution method using the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone blend reinforced with various contents of sulfonated inorganic *** acid was employed as the sulfonating agent to functionalize the external surface of the inorganic filler,i.e.,graphene *** proton conductivities of the newly prepared proton exchange membranes(PEMs)were increased by increasing the temperature and content of sulfonated graphene oxide(SGO),i.e.,ranging from 0.025 S/cm to 0.060 S/*** induction of the optimum level of SGO is determined to be an excellent route to enhance ionic *** single-cell performance test was conducted by sandwiching the newly prepared PEMs between an anode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt/Ru)and a cathode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt)to prepare membrane electrode assemblies,followed by hot pressing under a pressure of approximately 100 kg/cm^(2) at 60℃for 5–10 *** highest power densities achieved with PPMG PEMs were 14.9 and 35.60 mW/cm^(2) at 25℃and 70℃,respectively,at ambient pressure with 100%relative *** showed that the newly prepared PEMs exhibit good electrochemical *** results indicated that the prepared composite membrane with 6 wt%filler can be used as an alternative membrane for applications of high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Sulfonated graphene oxide Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solution casting Membrane electrode assembly Fuel cell performance

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