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Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Paleocene Coal from the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel Coalfields of Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第6期96卷 2056-2073页

作者： muhammad UMAIR YANG Ruidong CHENG Wei Salman ahmed KHATTAK College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and the Environment Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Mining College of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025China Department of Earth Sciences University of HaripurHaripur 22620KPPakistan The State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion *** Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan,*** coal has not been studied in detail and the Darra Adam Khel coalfields are newlydiscovered,so no research has been done,due to security *** this study,an attempt has been made to study the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,in order to learn about the coal quality,element enrichment mechanism,sedimentary medium conditions and potentially valuable elements for coal *** Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals are low to medium ash,low moisture content,high in volatiles and high total sulfur *** vitrinite reflectance in Darra Adam Khel coal is higher than in Padhrar coal,indicating either a greater burial depth or the effects of Himalayan *** vitrinite content is dominant in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,followed by inertinite and liptinite,the major minerals including quartz,clay minerals,calcite and *** trace elements Ni,As,Be Zn,Ge,Mo,Ta,W,Co and Nb,Sn,Hf,Ta,Pb,Th,Cd,In,Be,V,Cr,Zr,Ag,Li,W and Co are concentrated in some of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coal samples,*** Padhrar coal shows positive Ce,Eu and Gd anomalies,with most of the Darra Adam Khel coal showing negative Ce,Eu and positive Gd anomalies with high *** Al2O3/TiO2 values indicate that the sediment source of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals is mostly related to intermediate igneous *** Sr/Ba,SiO2+Al2O3,Fe2O3+CaO+MgO/SiO2+Al2O3 and high sulfur content in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals indicate epithermal and marine water influence with a tidal flat,coal-forming environment and a deltaic coal-forming environment,respectively.

关键词： mineral trace elements Paleocene Padhrar coal Darra Adam Khel coal Pakistan

Computational Investigation of Hand Foot Mouth Disease Dynamics with Fuzziness

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 4175-4189页

作者： Dumitru Baleanu Fazal Dayan Nauman ahmed muhammad Rafiq Ali Raza muhammad Ozair Ahmad Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of Mathematics School of ScienceUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Near East University Mathematics Research CenterDepartment of MathematicsNear East Boulevard99138Nicosia/Mersin 10Turkey Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan

The first major outbreak of the severely complicated hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),primarily caused by enterovirus 71,was reported in Taiwan in *** surveillance is needed to assess the spread of *** parameters we use in mathematical models are usually classical mathematical parameters,called crisp parameters,which are taken for *** any biological or physical phenomenon is best explained by *** represent a realistic situation in any mathematical model,fuzzy parameters can be very *** articles have been published on how to control and prevent HFMD from the perspective of public health and statistical ***,few works use fuzzy theory in building models to *** this context,we examined anHFMD model with fuzzy parameters.A Non Standard Finite Difference(NSFD)scheme is developed to solve the *** developed technique retains essential properties such as positivity and dynamic *** simulations are presented to support the analytical *** convergence and consistency of the proposed method are also *** proposed method converges unconditionally while the many classical methods in the literature do not possess this *** this regard,our proposed method can be considered as a reliable tool for studying the dynamics of HFMD.

关键词： Hand foot mouth disease fuzzy parameters NSFD scheme convergence consistency

Numerical computation of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on rotational micropolar nanomaterials with activation energy

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第3期12卷 397-409页

作者： Hassan waqas Shan Ali Khan Bagh Ali Dong Liu Taseer muhammad Enran Hou School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Mathematics Government College University FaisalabadLayyah Campus 31200Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia College of Mathematics Huaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000China

The current article investigates the numerical study of the micropolar nanofluid flow through a 3D rotating *** communication may manipulate for the aim such as the delivery of the drug,cooling of electronic chips,nanoscience and the fields of *** impact of heat source/sink is *** motion and thermophoresis aspects are *** rotating sheet with the impacts of Darcy-Forchheimer law is also ***,the influence of activation energy is analyzed in the current *** numerical analysis is simplified with the help of befitted resemblance *** succor of the shooting algorithm with built-in solver bvp4c MATLAB software is used for the numerical solution of nonlinear transformed *** consequences of different physical factors on the physical engineering quantities and the subjective fields were examined and *** to outcomes,it can be analyzed that the flow profile declined with the rotational *** is observed that angular velocity diminishes via a larger porosity ***,the temperature gradient is declined via a larger magnitude of the Prandtl *** heat transfer is enhanced in the occurrence of Brownian *** activations energy parameter causes an increment in the volumetric concentration ***,the local Nusselt number is reduced via a greater estimation of the porosity parameter.

关键词： Micropolar nanofluid flow Darcy-Forchheimer law Heat source/sink Activation energy Bvp4c

Dielectric relaxation and conduction behaviors of Aurivillius Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) ceramics with Na doping

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Rare Metals 2021年第5期40卷 1247-1254页

作者： Fida Rehman Jing-Bo Li Pervaiz ahmed muhammad Sheraz Khan Yasir Saeed Asma khan muhammad Zubair Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Physics Abbottabad University of Science&TechnologyHavelian 22500Pakistan Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzafarabad 13100Pakistan Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Chemistry Abbottabad University of Science&TechnologyHavelian 22500Pakistan Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringMinistry of EducationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Aurivillius Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) and Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)compounds were synthesized via solid-state reaction technique.X-ray powder diffraction study confirmed monophasic four-layered Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) and three-layered Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) *** relaxation and conduction behaviors of Na-contained Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15)ceramics were thoroughly investigated in a large scale of temperature of 30-650℃ and frequency of 40 Hz^(-1) *** addition,comparative studies of both the compounds were *** and modulus analyses revealed a single relaxation behavior in Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) compound which was originated from the grain’s interior with grain resistance of 2.189×10^(5)Ω and capacitance of 4.268×10^(-10) F at 570℃.While in Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) ceramic the relaxation was due to the contributions of grain and grain *** current(AC)conductivity analysis revealed the presence of two different conduction regions in both the *** energies for the two different conduction mechanisms,i.e.,in low-temperature region and in high-temperature region were calculated to be~0.23 and~1.27 eV at 1 kHz for Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) compound and~0.43 eV and~0.97 eV at 1 kHz for Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) compound,*** present study of dielectric relaxation and conduction behaviors would be helpful for further investigations of Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15)-related Aurivillius compounds.

关键词： Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) Electronic ceramics Dielectric Impedance Electrical properties

Strong interfacial charge transfer between hausmannite manganese oxide and alumina for efficient photocatalysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 147-159页

作者： Aisha Kanwal Shamaila Sajjad Sajjad ahmed Khan Leghari muhammad Naeem Khan International Islamic University H-10 IslamabadPakistan Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Chemistry Government College of ScienceLahorePakistan

Well crystalline manganese oxide(Mn_(3)O_(4))nanoparticles anchored on gamma alumina(γ-Al_(2)O_(3))have been successfully tailored via a proficient and cost effective chemical process as an efficient material for photo *** indicated the composite formation ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3) and hausmannite structure of Mn_(3)O_(4).SEM and TEM revealed that hetero structure of Mn_(3)O_(4)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) exhibits an amalgam of aggregated nanoparticles and *** demonstrated the chemical states of binary *** band gap tuning has been performed withγ-Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles by assimilating hausmannite Mn_(3)O_(4) particles into flower like microstructure of Al_(2)O_(3).The photoluminescence spectra affirmed the enhancement in charge separation in Mn_(3)O_(4)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) binary hybrid *** band gap becomes narrow with the increase in concentrations of Mn_(3)O_(4).The narrowing of band gap is concorded with crystalline domains of primary aggregated *** elucidate the mechanism of the photocatalytic activity linear sweep voltammetry was *** results showed that Mn_(3)O_(4)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite revealed the enhancement in current density as compared to pureγ-Al_(2)O_(3) which confirmed the electron transfer from Mn_(3)O_(4) toγ-Al_(2)O_(3) through the interfacial potential gradient in conduction *** optimum concentration of 6.0%Mn_(3)O_(4)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) for hybrid structure showed an excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light due to narrow band gap *** degree distribution of Mn_(3)O_(4) nano architects overlying onγ-Al_(2)O_(3) induces a significant synergic effect betweenγ-Al_(2)O_(3) and hausmannite phase of manganese oxide(Mn_(3)O_(4)).This strong interfacial contact betweenγ-Al_(2)O_(3) and Mn_(3)O_(4) endures the quick transfer of photo generated charge carriers across interface.

关键词： Hausmannite Mn_(3)O_(4) Alumina Band gap tuning Interfacial charge transfer Nanomaterials Catalysis

Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2967-2984页

作者： Gulzar ahmed Tahir Alyas muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays,including shopping malls,banks,educational institutes,*** is the national language of Pakistan,and it is the fourth spoken language in the ***,it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive *** paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition(UHAR)offline and online *** research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset(aka UHDS)to empower future works in this *** offline systems,optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets,while diagonal-based extraction methods are implemented in online ***,our research tackled the issue concerning the lack of comprehensive and standard Urdu alphabet datasets to empower research activities in the area of Urdu text *** this end,we collected 1000 handwritten samples for each alphabet and a total of 38000 samples from 12 to 25 age groups to train our CNN model using online and offline ***,we carried out detailed experiments for character recognition,as detailed in the *** proposed CNN model outperformed as compared to previously published approaches.

关键词： Urdu handwritten text recognition handwritten dataset convolutional neural network artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DNA Interaction Study of 3-(2-(3,5-Diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第7期34卷 1013-1018页

作者： MURTAZA Madni SHAHID Hameed muhammad Naeem ahmed KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin muhammad Nawaz Tahir Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Sargodha Department of Physics

A new compound 3-（2-（3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl）thiazol-4-yl）-2Hchromen-2-one was synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide with 3-（2-bromoacetyl）-2H-chromen-2-one in ethanol at reflux for 2hrs. The compound was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The newly synthesized compound（C27H19N3O2S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 5.2476（6）, b = 18.289（2）, c = 23.115（3） , α = 93.546（7）, β = 94.715（6）, γ = 92.347（7）°, V = 2204.3（4）3, Z = 4, Mr = 449.51, crystal size = 0.38 mm × 0.22 mm × 0.16 mm,（I 2σ（I）） = 35317, 9736, 3785, Rint = 0.081,（Δρ）max = 0.19 and（Δρ）min = –0.24 e·-3. DNA interaction studies revealed that the target compound strongly interacts with DNA through an intercalation binding mode and the binding constant of the compound is 7.45 × 104 M-1.

关键词： binding constant DNA Interaction crystal structure cyclocondensation reaction 1 3-thiazole

Application of Synthetic Iron Oxyhydroxide with Influencing Factors for Removal of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) from Groundwater

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 998-1009页

作者： Shakeel ahmed Talpur muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch Chunli Su Javed Iqbal Aziz ahmed Hafeez ahmed Talpur School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China DiSPUTer Department of PsychologicalHealth and Territory SciencesUniversity“G.d′Annunzio”Chieti-Pescara66100 ChietiItaly College of New Energy and Environment Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China School of Plant Environment and Soil SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CentreBaton Rouge LA 70803USA Department od Engineering and Geology University“G.d′Annunzio”Chieti-Pescara66100 ChietiItaly

Synthesized iron oxyhydroxide was applied for the adsorptive removal of As(V)and As(III)from the aquas ***,this investigation highlighted the synergistic effect of calcium carbonate in conjunction with iron oxyhydroxide,resulting in enhanced removal *** experiment was conducted under various conditions:concentration,dosage,pH,agitation,and *** characterizations such as Brunauer Emmett Teller,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were implied to understand adsorption *** Langmuir model revealed optimal concentrations for As(V)=500μg/L at pH-5 and As(III)=200μg/L at pH-7,resulting in 95%and 93%adsorption efficiencies,*** adsorption capacities“qm”were found to be 1266.943μg/g for As(V)and 1080.241μg/g for As(III).Freundlich model demonstrated favorable adsorption by indicating“n>1”such as As(V)=2.542 and As(III)=2.707;similarly,the speciation factor“RL<1”for both species as As(V)=0.1 and As(III)=0.5,*** kinetic study presented a pseudo-second-order model as best fitted,indicating throughout chemisorption processes for removing As(V)and As(III).Furthermore,incorporating calcium carbonate presented a significant leap in the removal efficiency,indicating As(V)from 95%to 98%and As(III)from 93%to 96%,*** findings offer profound motivation for developing effective and sustainable solutions to tackle arsenic contamination,underscoring the exceptional promise of iron oxyhydroxide in conjunction with calcium carbonate to achieve maximum removal efficiency.

关键词： adsorption arsenic As(V) As(III) iron oxyhydroxide isotherms kinetics groundwater.

Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar ahmed Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID Imran ALI Hafiz muhammad ALI Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process