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Enhanced Object Detection and Classification via Multi-Method Fusion

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3315-3331页

作者： muhammad waqas ahmed Nouf Abdullah Almujally Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Jeongmin Park Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Tech University of Korea237 Sangidaehak-roSiheung-siGyeonggi-do15073South Korea

Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented *** substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occlusion,and limited labeled *** address these challenges,we introduce a comprehensive methodology toenhance image classification and object detection *** proposed approach involves the integration ofmultiple methods in a complementary *** process commences with the application of Gaussian filters tomitigate the impact of noise *** images are then processed for segmentation using Fuzzy C-Meanssegmentation in parallel with saliency mapping techniques to find the most prominent *** Binary RobustIndependent Elementary Features(BRIEF)characteristics are then extracted fromdata derived fromsaliency mapsand segmented *** precise object separation,Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)algorithms *** Algorithms(GAs)are used to optimize Random Forest classifier parameters which lead toimproved *** method stands out due to its comprehensive approach,adeptly addressing challengessuch as changing backdrops,occlusion,and limited labeled data concurrently.A significant enhancement hasbeen achieved by integrating Genetic Algorithms(GAs)to precisely optimize *** minor adjustmentnot only boosts the uniqueness of our system but also amplifies its overall *** proposed methodologyhas demonstrated notable classification accuracies of 90.9%and 89.0%on the challenging Corel-1k and MSRCdatasets,***,detection accuracies of 87.2%and 86.6%have been *** ourmethod performed well in both datasets it may face difficulties in real-world data especially where datasets havehighly complex *** these limitations,GAintegration for parameter optimization shows a notablestrength in enhancing the overall adaptability and performance of our system.

关键词： BRIEF features saliency map fuzzy c-means object detection object recognition

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Long-term manure application increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization through accumulation of unprotected and physically protected carbon fractions

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 343-354页

作者： muhammad Nadeem ASHRAF Cheng HU Xiangru XU Tariq AZIZ Lei WU muhammad ahmed waqas muhammad FAROOQ Xu HU Wenju ZHANG Minggang XU Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040(Pakistan) Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064(China) Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabadSub-Campus DepalpurOkara 56130(Pakistan) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Department of Plant Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123(Oman) Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and EnvironmentShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031(China)

Soil organic carbon(SOC)and nitrogen(N)mineralization are important biogeochemical processes associated with soil *** processes are influenced by physically,chemically,and biologically stabilized SOC fractions,the mechanisms of which are not well *** present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of manure and mineral fertilizers on the contents of SOC fractions to promote the mineralization of SOC and *** included:i)no fertilizer control(CK);ii)a combination of mineral N,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers(NPK);iii)manure alone(M);iv)manure combined with NPK(MNPK);and v)a high dose of manure combined with NPK(hMNPK).The combined uses of manure and mineral fertilizers(MNPK and hMNPK)enhanced the accumulation of the unprotected coarse particulate organic carbon(C)fraction(cPOC)by 44%-72%compared to *** applications(M,MNPK and hMNPK)enhanced physically microaggregate-protected organic C(μagg),physicochemically protected organic C within the microaggregate-derived silt(μsilt)fraction(H-μsilt),and physicobiochemically protected organic C within theμsilt fraction(NH-μsilt)by 30%-56%,62%-150%,and 27%-51%,*** contrast,all chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions showed a minor response to manure *** of cPOC,μagg,H-μsilt,and physicochemically protected organic C within the microaggregate-derived clay fraction(H-μclay)significantly contributed to the mineralization of SOC and N,resulting in a significant increase in rice grain yield with long-term manure *** summary,long-term combined use of manure and mineral fertilizers improved SOC accumulation in unprotected and physically protected fractions,which enhanced SOC and N mineralization and benefited soil productivity in a rice-wheat cropping system.

关键词： fertilization strategy grain yield organic C fraction organic matter stabilization protection mechanism

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Magnitude,direction,and drivers of rhizosphere effect on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in global agroecosystem

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 482-493页

作者： Andong Cai Shengnan Tang muhammad ahmed waqas Bin Wang Di Tian Yang Zhang Yu'e Li muhammad Nadeem Ashraf Tianjing Ren Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China The Key Laboratory for Slviculture and Conervation of Ministry of Education College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityBlichers Alle 20PO BOX 50DK-8830 TjeleDenmark Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad38000Pakistan Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research InstituteDepartment of Soil Science Erosion and Land ConservationCzartoryskich St.824-100PutawyPoland

The rhizosphere is the most active soil area for material transformation and energy flow of soil,root,and microorganism,which plays an important role in soil biochemical *** the rhizospheric nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P)were easily disturbed in the agroecosystem,the effects of rhizosphere on the dynamics of soil N and P cycling have not yet been systematically quantified *** summarized the magnitude,direction,and driving forces of rhizosphere effects on agroecosystem's N and P dynamics by 1063 observations and 15 variables from 122 *** effects increased available N(AN,9%),available P(AP,11%),and total P(TP,5%),and decreased nitrate N(NO_(3)-N,18%)and ammonia N(NH_(4)-N,16%).The effect of rhizosphere on total N(TN)was not *** effects improved AN in tropical(12%)and subtropical(14%)*** effect of rhizosphere on TP was greater under subtropical conditions than in other *** most substantial effects of the rhizosphere on TP and AP were observed under humid *** effects increased AN and AP in vegetables more than in other crop *** of N>30o kg ha^(-1) had the most significant and positive rhizosphere effects on TN and AN.P application of 100-150 kg ha^(-1) had the greatest rhizosphere effects on TP and *** effects also improved the microbial(biomass N and P)and enzymatic aspects(urease,acid phosphatase,and alkaline phosphatase)of soil P and N *** equation modeling suggested that aridity indices,fertilizer application rate,soil pH,microbial biomass,and soil enzymes strongly influence the magnitude and direction of the rhizosphere's effect on the P and N ***,these findings are critical for improving soil nutrient utilization efficiency and modeling nutrient cycling in the rhizosphereforagricultural systems.

关键词： Rhizosphere effect Agriculture systems Nitrogen cycling Phosphorus cycling Climate Microbial biomass Soil enzymes

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不同施氮下双季稻田白天CO_2交换与叶面积、生物量的相互影响

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农业环境科学学报 2017年第10期36卷 2143-2152页

作者：周志花王斌李健陵万运帆干珠扎布蔡威威苏荣瑞周守华 muhammad ahmed waqas 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室北京100081 长江大学农学院湖北荆州434025 湖北省荆州农业气象试验站湖北荆州434025

研究缓/控释氮肥、氮肥配施硝化抑制剂和微生物菌剂对稻田生态系统白天CO_2净交换、群体叶面积和生物量的影响及其相互关系,有助于进一步了解这几类新型氮肥对稻田碳同化的促进作用及增产效果。为此于2012—2013年在湖北荆州进行大田试... 详细信息

研究缓/控释氮肥、氮肥配施硝化抑制剂和微生物菌剂对稻田生态系统白天CO_2净交换、群体叶面积和生物量的影响及其相互关系,有助于进一步了解这几类新型氮肥对稻田碳同化的促进作用及增产效果。为此于2012—2013年在湖北荆州进行大田试验,设置了五种氮肥处理:常规尿素(CK)、树脂包膜控释尿素(CRU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶(NU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、尿素配施微生物菌剂(EM)。采用静态箱-气相色谱法连续观测双季稻生态系统白天的CO_2净交换通量,并在各生育期测定水稻群体的叶面积和地上生物量,分析不同氮肥处理下这些指标的变化。结果表明:水稻生长季稻田生态系统白天表现为CO_2的净吸收,净交换通量受气温、降水等气象要素影响较大,在拔节-抽穗阶段出现较高值。相比普通尿素,新型氮肥在不同程度上提高了稻田CO_2净交换,在单个水稻生长季NU提高了13.2%~51.6%的平均CO_2净吸收通量,其次为CRU提高了9.8%~34.1%。在各生育期,新型氮肥对水稻群体叶面积指数和地上生物量表现出更高的促进效果,其中以CRU最为显著,其最大峰值相比CK分别提高了12.4%~18.6%和9.1%~18.8%。通过回归分析发现,水稻群体叶面积指数与CO_2净吸收通量为线性正相关关系,地上生物量与CO_2净吸收通量为抛物线型关系,这在一定程度上说明了水稻群体生长状况与稻田生态系统CO_2同化速率间的关系。包膜控释尿素、添加硝化抑制剂、添加微生物菌剂有助于提高水稻群体叶面积和生物量,促进稻田生态系统CO_2同化,其中树脂包膜控释尿素效果最佳。

关键词：控释尿素硝化抑制剂 EM菌 CO2净交换叶面积生物量

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Effectiveness of radiative heat flux in MHD flow of Jeffrey-nanofluid subject to Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第2期31卷 421-427页

作者： muhammad Ijaz Khan Tasawar Hayat muhammad waqas ahmed Alsaedi muhammad Imran Khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics(NAAM)Research Group Department of MathematicsFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Heriot Watt University Edinburgh CampusEdinburghUK

Our interest here in this investigation is to explore the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics in flow induced by stretched *** conducted Jeffrey material formulates the flow *** forms of stretching and free stream velocities are *** radiation and convective heating processes describe the phenomenon of heat *** controls of nanoparticles are considered on the *** compatible transformations produce the strong nonlinear differential *** problems are computed analytically utilizing *** nee domain is detennined and major results are concluded for different parameters *** transfer rate and drag force are also explained for various physical *** analysis reveals that heat transfer rate augments via larger radiation parameter and Biot *** larger Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters have opposite characteristics on concentration field.

关键词： Jeffrey nanomaterial non-linear radiative heat flux convective boundary conditions.Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

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Design and Synthesis of NiO@Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 Heterogeneous Multitask Hollow Structures for Tandem Catalysis

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 529-535页

作者： muhammad waqas Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Precipitation and impregnation procedures unevenly distribute metals on zeolite,limiting chemical transformation in Lewis-acid,Brönsted-acid and metal-catalyzed tandem ***,heterogeneous multitask transition metals oxides@zeolites are promising catalysts for sustainable processes;nevertheless,synthesis is fascinating and ***,the construction of purposely designed multitask materials segregated in selective shells reveals the remarkable spatial organization of metals-zeolite,resulting in them being suitable for a wide range of tandem *** synthesis of multi-site catalysts begins with a universal wet chemistry approach that yields nickel oxide(NiO)***,the NiO crystals are stabilized using cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,followed by achieving cross-linking carbon growth by emulsion polymerization of glucose in hydrothermal treatment to yield uniformed NiO@carbon spheres(NiO@CSs).Next,sequential adsorption of cobalt cations and colloidal ZSM-5(1%in H_(2)O,mass fraction),followed by calcination in air,yielded NiO@cobalt oxide@zeolite denoted as NiO@Co_(3)O_(4)@ZEO hollow *** hollowing mechanism and materials segregation within shells are revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and X-ray *** finding advances the rational synthesis of heterogenous core-shell hollow structures for various gas phase catalytic tandem reactions to yield valuable chemicals.

关键词： Multifunctional Core-shell hollow spheres Gas-phase reaction Valuable chemical

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Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第4期92卷 1544-1557页

作者： Sarfraz KHAN Umair Bin NISAR Khawar A.ahmed muhammad WASEEM waqas ahmed National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar25130Pakistan Comsats Institute of Information and Technology AbbottabadPakistan Comsats Institute of Information and Technology IslamabadPakistan

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region （a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt） has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre-stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop-up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses （vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal）. The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.

关键词： fault plane solution reservoir monitoring stress analysis hydraulic fracturing geothermal energy structural interpretation

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Observability of parameter space for charged Higgs boson in its bosonic decays in two Higgs doublet model Type-1

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 57-65页

作者： Ijaz ahmed waqas Ahmad M.S.Amjad Jamil muhammad Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and TechnologyIslamabad Pakistan Riphah International University Sector I-14Hajj ComplexIslamabad Pakistan National University of Technology Islamabad Pakistan Sang-Ho College and Department of PhysicsKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea

This study explores the possibility of discovering H±through its bosonic decays,i.e.,H±→W±φ(whereφ=h or A),within the Type-I two Higgs doublet model(2HDM).The main objective is to demonstrate the available parameter space after applying recent experimental and theoretical exclusion *** suggest that mH±=150 GeV is the most probable mass for the H±→W±φdecay channel in pp collisions at s1/2=8,13,and 14 *** also report on the application of a modern machine learning approach to a multivariate technique for heavy charged Higgs production in association with a single top quark through weak interaction to demonstrate its observability in comparison with the most relevant Standard Model backgrounds using the neural networks of boosted decision Tree(BDT),likelihood(LH),and multilayer perceptron(MLP).

关键词： charged Higgs MSSM LHC

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Stability analysis of different cotton genotypes under normal and water-deficit conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第6期18卷 1257-1265页

作者： muhammad Riaz Jehanzeb Farooq Saghir ahmed muhammad Amin waqas Shafqat Chattha Maria Ayoub Riaz ahmed Kainth Cotton Research Station Faisalabad 38850Pakistan Cotton Research Institute Multan 66000Pakistan Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar 446Pakistan

Cotton plant observes significant reduction in seed cotton yield when subjected to water *** find out genotypes having better drought tolerance,seven genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum *** tested under two moisture levels,i.e.,normal and water deficit stress conditions at five locations of Punjab,Pakistan(Faisalabad,Sahiwal,Vehari,Rahim Yar Khan,and Bahawalpur)in 2013 and ***×environment interaction(GEI)was studied using the genotype main effects and genotype by environment interaction(GGE)biplot and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction *** genotypes G3(7001/11)and G6(FH-942)were stable under normal condition,while under drought condition,the stable genotype was G5(FH-326)when analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)biplot *** GGE biplot analysis on the basis of best performance revealed that under normal condition the genotypes,G1(L-13/10)and G2(FH-2056/10),carrying the common position in ***,under water deficit stress condition,G5 was the best adaptive genotype at all five *** the same way,ranking of genotypes showed that the G5 was the ideal genotype under both ***,it is concluded that the genotype G5(FH-326)was found best for water deficit stress condition and can be cultivated under water scarce areas of Punjab.

关键词： upland cotton yield stability adaptability water stress Pakistan irrigation

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Design optimization of composite egg-shaped submersible pressure hull for minimum buoyancy factor

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 1817-1832页

作者： muhammad Imran Dongyan Shi Lili Tong Hafiz muhammad waqas Muqeem Uddin College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001China College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001China Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization(PEDO) Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

This paper describes a design optimization study of the composite egg-shaped submersible pressure hull employing optimization and finite element analysis(FEA)tools as a first attempt to provide an optimized design of the composite egg-shaped pressure hull for manufacturing or further investigations.A total of 15 optimal designs for the composite egg-shaped pressure hull under hydrostatic pressure are obtained in terms of fibers’angles and the number of layers for 5 lay-up arrangements and 3 unidirectional(UD)composite *** optimization process is performed utilizing a genetic algorithm and FEA in *** minimization of the buoyancy factor eB:FT is selected as the objective for the optimization under constraints on both material failure and buckling *** buckling analysis is conducted for one optimal design considering both geometric nonlinearity and imperfections.A sensitivity study is also conducted to further investigate the influence of the design variables on the optimal design of the egg-shaped pressure hull.

关键词： Composite egg-shaped pressure hull Design optimization Buoyancy factor Material failure Buckling instability

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