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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1325-1342页

作者： muhammad Wasim Anwar Zaib ali Abdullah Javed Emad Ud Din muhammad Sajid School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Climate change can adversely impact the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the buildings stock. The South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change specially in the form of rising temperatures and increasing frequency of heat waves. The passive building design measures can be useful in mitigating and adapting to the climate change by increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study various passive climate change adaptation measures (PCAMs) have been used individually and in form of combinations in order to analyze their impact on the energy efficacy of residential buildings in Pakistan. It has been found that the natural ventilation and front green wall are the most efficient options for reducing the overall energy consumption. By implementation of these PCAMs, cooling demand can be decreased by 27.75% while heating demand can be reduced by 35%. Secondly, the prospect of net zero-energy building and reduced CO2 emissions are also studied. It has been shown that building can achieve net-zero energy on an annual basis at every orientation and it can attain the status of nearly zero-energy building on a monthly basis. Moreover, emitted CO2 can be reduced by 31% by using the renewable energy.

关键词： building energy simulations net zero-energy passive climate adaptation measures climate change energy consumption Pakistan

Influence of accelerated curing on the compressive strength of polymer-modified concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 589-599页

作者： Izhar AHMAD Kashif ali KHAN Tahir AHMAD muhammad ALAM muhammad Tariq BASHIR College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Civil Engineering Muslim Youth UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering CECOS University of IT&Emerging SciencesPeshawar 25000Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyMardan 23200Pakistan

In recent building practice,rapid construction is one of the principal ***,in designing concrete structures,compressive strength is the most significant of all *** 3-d and 7-d compressive strength reflects the strengths at early phases,the ultimate strength is *** effort has been made in this study to develop mathematical models for predicting compressive strength of concrete incorporating ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)at the later ***-Smirnov(KS)goodness-of-fit test was used to examine distribution of the *** compressive strength of EVA-modified concrete was studied by incorporating various concentrations of EVA as an admixture and by testing at ages of 28,56,90,120,210,and 365 *** accelerated compressive strength at 3.5 hours was considered as a reference strength on the basis of which all the specified strengths were predicted by means of linear regression *** on the results of KS goodness-of-fit test,it was concluded that KS test statistics value(D)in each case was lower than the critical value 0.521 for a significance level of 0.05,which demonstrated that the data was normally *** on the results of compressive strength test,it was concluded that the strength of EVA-modified specimens increased at all ages and the optimum dosage of EVA was achieved at 16%***,it was concluded that predicted compressive strength values lies within a 6%difference from the actual strength values for all the mixes,which indicates the practicability of the regression *** research work may help in understanding the role of EVA as a viable material in polymer-based cement composites.

关键词： compressive strength prediction polymer-modified concrete linear regression fit early age strength ethylene vinyl acetate

A decline in snow cover area of Passu and Ghulkin valleys between 1995 and 2022

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第12期20卷 3542-3551页

作者： Imran HUSSAIN Mumtaz ali Sher muhammad Wajid HASSAN Salar ali Zakir HUSSAIN Syed Hammad ali Shaukat ali muhammad Younis KHAN Department of Environmental Sciences University of BaltistanSkardu 16100Pakistan Micromaps IT and GIS Consultancy LLC 26135UAE International Centers for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) G.P.O.Box 3226KathmanduNepal Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Glacier Monitoring Research Centre(GMRC) Water and Power Development Authority(WAPDA)Lahore 54000Pakistan SickKids Centre for Global Child Health The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntario M5G 2L3Canada Global Change Impact Studies Center(GCISC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan Departments of Earth Sciences College of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman National Centers of Excellence in Geology(NCEG) University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan

The global cryosphere is experiencing accelerated melting due to climate ***,the Karakoram anomaly is under discussion with a debate about the possibility that the anomaly may have recently *** study aims to evaluate the up-to-date changes in snow cover in the western Karakoram *** observed the snow cover changes in Passu and Ghulkin valleys in the Hunza River basin(HRB)of the Karakoram through multitemporal Landsat satellite data between 1995 and *** found a significant reduction in snow cover in these valleys,with an average reduction rate of 0.42 km~2/yr,resulting in a total reduction of~11.46 km~2 between 1995 and *** reduction in snow cover is consistent with the mass loss of glaciers in the Karakoram region in recent *** decline in snow cover in these valleys is also consistent with the meteorological *** temperature in summer(June)has significantly increased whereas the precipitation in the accumulation season(March)has *** rapid changes suggest that it is crucially important to monitor the snow cover on a regular basis to support downstream management of snowmelt *** addition,there is a need of planning for mitigation and adaptation strategies for snow-related hazards.

关键词： Cryosphere Snow covers area Climate change Karakoram

Satisfactory Model Predictive Control for a Hybrid Single-phase Seven-level Converter

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第5期7卷 1102-1112页

作者： Mohamed Tamim Touati Shaoyuan Li Jing Wu muhammad ali muhammad Mansoor Khan Department of Automation SEIEEShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical Engineering.SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China.

Today,many hybrid multilevel converters with flying capacitors are being *** the practicality of these converters in reducing the switching devices count and the cost,it is challenging to balance their capacitor voltage *** unbalanced capacitors restrain the converters’performance and lead to failure in delivering the required *** paper proposes a model predictive control(MPC)for a seven-level converter based on an active neutral point clamped converter cascaded with an H-bridge.A conventional MPC uses a single cost function with two terms,one for current tracking and the other for capacitor balancing,which needs an accurate weighting factor to balance *** this work,the suggested MPC adopts a satisfactory optimization *** evaluates the capacitor charge membership to a nominal voltage range to define the degree of freedom in which to optimize the current tracking *** transforms the relationship between the two cost terms into a more collaborative *** proposed MPC improves the output current quality and balances the capacitor charge with the least number of *** and simulation results have validated the controller^effectiveness.

关键词： Hybrid converter model predictive control multilevel converter satisfactory optimization

A reliable numerical analysis for stochastic gonorrhea epidemic model with treatment effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第6期12卷 221-246页

作者： ali Raza muhammad Shoaib Arif muhammad Ualiq Department of Mathematics Stochastic Analysis and Optimization Research Group Air University PAF Complex E-9 Islamabad 44000PedralPakistan Faculty of Engineering.University of Central PunjabLahore 54000 PunjabPakistan

The phenomena of disease spread are unpredictable in nature due to random mixing of individuals in a *** is of more significance to include this randomness while modeling infectious *** epidemics including tlieir stochastic behavior could be a more realistic approach in many *** thus paper,a stochastic gon orrhea epidemic model with treatment effect has been analyzed *** solution of stochastic model is presented in comparison with its deterministic *** dynamics of the gonorrhea disease is governed by a threshold quantity Ai called basic reproductive ***.A11 shows the persistence of disease in *** standard numerical schemes like Euler *** Euler and stochastic Rurige Kutta are highly dependent on step size and do not behave well in certain scenarios.A competitive non-standard finite dif ference numerical scheme in stochastic setting is proposed,which is independent of step size and remains consistent with the corresponding deterministic model.

关键词： Gonorrhea disease stochastic differential equations stochastic numerical schemes

Metric Basis of Four-Dimensional Klein Bottle

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第9期136卷 3011-3024页

作者： ali N.A.Koam ali Ahmad Maryam Salem Alatawi muhammad Azeem muhammad Faisal Nadeem Department of Mathematics College of SciencesNew CampusJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia College of Computer Science&Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied SciencesRiphah International UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahorePakistan

The Metric of a graph plays an essential role in the arrangement of different dimensional structures and finding their basis in various *** metric dimension of a graph is the selection of the minimum possible number of vertices so that each vertex of the graph is distinctively defined by its vector of distances to the set of selected *** set of selected vertices is known as the metric basis of a *** applied mathematics or computer science,the topic of metric basis is considered as locating number or locating set,and it has applications in robot navigation and finding a beacon set of a computer *** to the vast applications of this concept in computer science,optimization problems,and also in chemistry enormous research has been *** extend this research to a four-dimensional structure,we studied the metric basis of the Klein bottle and proved that the Klein bottle has a constant metric dimension for the variation of all its *** the metric basis is variying in 3 and 4 values when the values of its parameter change,it remains constant and unchanged concerning its order or number of *** methodology of determining the metric basis or locating set is based on the distances of a ***,we proved the main theorems in distance forms.

关键词： Klein bottle metric basis resolving set metric dimension

Graphene Nanosheets Decorated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第6期38卷 1518-1525页

作者： Samavia RAFIQ Zulfiqar ali RAZA muhammad ASLAM muhammad Junaid BAKHTIYAR Department of Applied Sciences National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan

Textile industries extensively use colorants,such as methylene blue,and if disposed off untreated,they contaminate the effluent streams,causing a severe impact on the environment and aquatic *** degradation has been found as an inevitable approach to treat ***,we decorated the copper oxide nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets during the reflux *** resultant copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites were analyzed for structural and functional *** was observed that on increasing the copper oxide contents,the z-average size of the resultant nanocomposites *** X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of the *** surface morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles appeared to be spherical and that of the copper oxide/graphene composite somehow *** infrared analysis indicated successful intercalation of precursors in the *** bandgap of copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites varied in the range of 1.03—1.30 eV,which indicated their effective photocatalytic *** results demonstrated that after 120 min of exposure,the methylene blue removal efficiency reached 94.0%,92.2%,and 89.4%(mass fraction)on the copper oxide/graphene nanocomposite at copper oxide nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets ratios of 1:1,1.5:1,and 2:1(mass ratio),*** photodegradation performance of the prepared nano-catalyst was found satisfactory even after five cycles.

关键词： Copper oxide Graphene nanosheet Methylene blue Photocatalysis

Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2021年第2期38卷 118-128页

作者： ali muhammad National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk College of Textile and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215000China

In order to increase the application area of nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the *** the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be universally accepted,many new gates of applications will open to the *** this review,different electrospinning techniques of electrospun nanofiber yarns are divided into needle electrospinning and needleless *** yarn twist as an important mechanism,needle electrospinning technique is further categorized into mechanical,electrical and field flow twisting ***,parameters influencing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns are *** of improving mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns are addressed,including hot-water-bath treatment,addition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and introducing ***,applications of electrospun nanofiber yarns in different fields of smart textile and bioengineering are *** summary,challenges encountered in the industrialization of nanofiber yarns and future prospects are anticipated.

关键词： nanofiber yarn electrospun nanofiber yarn smart textile bioengineering

Aggregation operators and CRITIC-VIKOR method for confidence complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy information and their applications

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第1期8卷 40-63页

作者： Tahir Mahmood Zeeshan ali muhammad Naeem Department of Mathematics and Statistics International Islamic University IslamabadIslamabadPakistan Umm Al-Qura University MakkahSaudi Arabia

Supply chain management is an essential part of an organisation's sustainable *** the concentration of natural environment,public,and economic influence and feasibility of your suppliers and purchasers is becoming progressively familiar as all industries are moving towards a massive sustainable *** handle such sort of developments in supply chain management the involvement of fuzzy settings and their generalisations is playing an important *** in mind this role,the aim of this study is to analyse the role and involvement of complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy(CQRONF)information in supply chain *** major impact of this theory is to analyse the notion of confidence CQRONF weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF hybrid averaging,confidence CQRONF weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF hybrid geometric operators and try to diagnose various properties and ***,with the help of the CRITIC and VIKOR models,we diagnosed the novel theory of the CQRONF-CRITIC-VIKOR model to check the sensitivity analysis of the initiated ***,in the availability of diagnosed operators,we constructed a multi-attribute decision-making tool for finding a beneficial sustainable supplier to handle complex ***,the initiated operator's efficiency is proved by comparative analysis.

关键词： averaging/geometric aggregation operators complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy information confidence levels strategic decision-making methods

Adversarial Training Against Adversarial Attacks for Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3513-3527页

作者： muhammad Shahzad Haroon Husnain Mansoor ali Department of Computer Science Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and TechnologyKarachi75600Pakistan

Intrusion detection system plays an important role in defending networks from security ***-to-end machine learning-based intrusion detection systems are being used to achieve high detection ***,in case of adversarial attacks,that cause misclassification by introducing imperceptible perturbation on input samples,performance of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems is greatly *** such problems have widely been discussed in image processing domain,very few studies have investigated network intrusion detection systems and proposed corresponding *** this paper,we attempt to fill this gap by using adversarial attacks on standard intrusion detection datasets and then using adversarial samples to train various machine learning algorithms(adversarial training)to test their defence *** is achieved by first creating adversarial sample based on Jacobian-based Saliency Map Attack(JSMA)and Fast Gradient Sign Attack(FGSM)using NSLKDD,UNSW-NB15 and CICIDS17 *** study then trains and tests JSMA and FGSM based adversarial examples in seen(where model has been trained on adversarial samples)and unseen(where model is unaware of adversarial packets)*** experiments includes multiple machine learning classifiers to evaluate their performance against adversarial *** performance parameters include Accuracy,F1-Score and Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)Score.

关键词： Intrusion detection system adversarial attacks adversarial training adversarial machine learning