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Intrusion Detection Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory with Attention Mechanism

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 801-815页

作者： Yongjie Yang Shanshan Tu Raja Hashim Ali Hisham Alasmary muhammad waqas muhammad Nouman Amjad Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Information Security and Cybersecurity Unit King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32038Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup PerthWA6027Australia School of Engineering University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan

With the recent developments in the Internet of Things(IoT),the amount of data collected has expanded tremendously,resulting in a higher demand for data storage,computational capacity,and real-time processing *** computing has traditionally played an important role in establishing ***,fog computing has recently emerged as a new field complementing cloud computing due to its enhanced mobility,location awareness,heterogeneity,scalability,low latency,and geographic ***,IoT networks are vulnerable to unwanted assaults because of their open and shared *** a result,various fog computing-based security models that protect IoT networks have been developed.A distributed architecture based on an intrusion detection system(IDS)ensures that a dynamic,scalable IoT environment with the ability to disperse centralized tasks to local fog nodes and which successfully detects advanced malicious threats is *** this study,we examined the time-related aspects of network traffic *** presented an intrusion detection model based on a twolayered bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)with an attention mechanism for traffic data classification verified on the UNSW-NB15 benchmark *** showed that the suggested model outperformed numerous leading-edge Network IDS that used machine learning models in terms of accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score.

关键词： Fog computing intrusion detection bi-LSTM attention mechanism

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Role of Wnt and Notch signaling in regulating hair cell regeneration in the cochlea

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第3期10卷 237-249页

作者： muhammad waqas Shasha Zhang Zuhong He Mingliang Tang Renjie Chai Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease Ministry of Education Institute of Life Sciences Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong 226001 China

Sensory hair cells in the inner ear are responsible for sound recognition. Damage to hair cells in adult mammals causes permanent hearing impairment because these cells cannot regenerate. By contrast, newborn mammals possess limited regenerative capacity because of the active participation of various signaling pathways, including Wnt and Notch signaling. The Wnt and Notch pathways are highly sophisticated and conserved signaling pathways that control multiple cellular events necessary for the formation of sensory hair cells. Both signaling pathways allow resident supporting cells to regenerate hair cells in the neonatal cochlea. In this regard, Wnt and Notch signaling has gained increased research attention in hair cell regeneration. This review presents the current understanding of the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in the auditory portion of the inner ear and discusses the possibilities of controlling these pathways with the hair cell fate determiner Atohl to regulate hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea.

关键词： inner ear cochlea hair cell regeneration Wnt Notch signaling pathways

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The implication from six years of field experiment:the aging process induced lower rice production even with a high amount of biochar application

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 479-491页

作者： Qiong Nan Lepeng Tang Wenchen Chi muhammad waqas Weixiang Wu Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment College of Environment and Resource ScienceZhejiang University310029 HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China Biogeo Department Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany Department of Environmental Science Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatKPKPakistan

The single high-dose application of biochar to increase rice yield has been well ***,limited information is available about the long-term effects of increasing rice yield and soil *** study was designed to perform a 6-year field experiment to unveil the rice yield with time due to various biochar application ***,an alternative strategy of the Annual Low dose biochar application(AL,8×35%=2.8 t ha^(−1))was also conducted to make a comparison with the High Single dose(HS,22.5 t ha^(−1)),and annual Rice Straw(RS,8 t ha^(−1))amendment to investigate the effects on annual rice yield attributes and soil nutrient *** showed that the rice yield in AL with a lower biochar application exceeded that of HS significantly(p<0.05)in the 6th experimental *** rice yield increased by 14.3%in RS,10.9%in AL,and 4.2%in *** unexpectedly higher rice yield in AL than HS resulted from enhanced soil total carbon(TC),pH,and available ***,compared to AL,liable carbon fraction increased by 33.7%in HS,while refractory carbon fraction dropped by 22.3%.Likewise,biochar characterization showed that more oxygen functional groups existed in HS than in *** inert organic carbon pools due to the constant degradation of the aromatic part of biochar in HS led to a lower soil TC than AL,even with a higher amount of biochar ***,the annual depletion lowered the soil pH and available Ca declination in *** on the obtained results,this study suggested AL as a promising strategy to enhance rice productivity,soil nutrient enrichment,and carbon sequestration in the paddy ecosystem.

关键词： Biochar Annual low rate Single high dose Rice yield Carbon fractions Soil quality

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Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1458-1463页

作者： CHEN Lin PAN Qin-jian muhammad Saad waqas LIU Tong-xian State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/MOA Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

The oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural *** identification of *** is very important for understanding the biology and management of this *** of fast and convenient methods to identify *** female and male is the necessary prerequisite for con ducting gender-related *** this study,new methods to differentiate sex of *** at pupal and adult stages were *** results showed that posterior abdominal segments containing genital organs which are morphological traits to differentiate female and *** openings are important characters for the female and male pupae *** female pupa,it locates on the ventral side of eighth and ninth abdominal segments and appears as a visible longitudinal suture;for male pupa,it locates on the ventral side of the ninth abdominal segment and appears as a short slit surrounded by a pair of visible semicircular *** numbers are another indicator for sex differentiation of *** female has three-bristled frenulum and each male has one bristled-frenulum near the base of hind wing of each side of moth *** confirmed the two sex differentiation methods manually by dissecting genitalia of adults and found their genger was as same as what we examined the sex of pupae and adults using the morphological methods.

关键词： sex identification pupa and adult genital opening frenulum genitalia

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LiFePO_(4) as a dual-functional coating for separators in lithium-ion batteries:A new strategy for improving capacity and safety

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 490-498,I0010页

作者： Modeste Venin Mendieev Nitou Yashuai Pang Zhao Wan Wenjun Li Zhuohang Zhong waqas muhammad Saeed muhammad Sohail muhammad Yinghua Niu Weiqiang Lv School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001ZhejiangChina

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)require separators with high performance and safety to meet the increasing demands for energy storage *** electrochemically inert ceramic materials on conventional polyolefin separators can enhance stability but comes at the cost of increased weight and decreased capacity of the ***,a novel separator coated with lithium iron phosphate(LFP),an active cathode material,is developed via a simple and scalable *** LFP-coated separator exhibits superior thermal stability,mechanical strength,electrolyte wettability,and ionic conductivity than the conventional polyethylene(PE)***,the LFP coating can actively participate in the electrochemical reaction during the charge-discharge process,thus enhancing the capacity of the *** results show that the LFP-coated separator can increase the cell capacity by 26%,and improve the rate capability by 29%at 4 C compared with the conventional PE *** LFP-coated separator exhibits only 1.1%thermal shrinkage at 140°C,a temperature even above the melting point of *** work introduces a new strategy for designing separators with dual functions for the next-generation LIBs with improved performance and safety.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Separator Surface-coating LiFePO_(4) Safety

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Comparative analysis of jet and underlying event properties across various models as a function of charged particle multiplicity at 7 TeV

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 118-125页

作者： Maryam Waqar Haifa I.Alrebdi muhammad waqas K.S.Al-mugren muhammad Ajaz Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this study,a comprehensive analysis of jets and underlying events as a function of charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton(pp)collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV is *** Monte Carlo(MC)event generators,including Pythia8.308,EPOS 1.99,EPOSLHC,EPOS4_(Hydro),and EPOS4_(noHydro),are employed to predict particle *** predictions from these models are compared with experimental data from the CMS *** charged particles are categorized into those associated with underlying events and those linked to jets,and the analysis is restricted to charged particles with|η|0.25 GeV/*** comparing the MC predictions with CMS data,we find that EPOS4_(Hydro),EPOSLHC,and Pythia8 consistently reproduce the experimental results for all charged particles,underlying events,intrajets,and leading charged *** charged jet rates with p_T^(***)>5 GeV/c,EPOS4_(Hydro)and Pythia8 perform exceptionally *** the case of charged jet rates with p_T^(***)→30 GeV/c,EPOSLHC reproduces satisfactorily good results,whereas EPOS4 Hydro exhibits good agreement with the data at higher charged particle multiplicities compared to the other *** can be attributed to the conversion of energy into flow when"Hydro=on"leading to an increase in *** EPOSLHC model describes the data better owing to the new collective flow effects,correlated flow treatment,and parameterization compared to EPOS ***,the examination of the jet p_T spectrum and normalized charged p_T density reveals that EPOS4_(Hydro),EPOS4_(noHydro),and EPOSLHC exhibit good agreement with the experimental results,whereas Pythia8 and EPOS 1.99 do not perform as well owing to the lack of correlated flow treatment.

关键词： Monte Carlo models underlying event jets charged particle multiplicity

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Fusion-Based Machine Learning Architecture for Heart Disease Prediction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2481-2496页

作者： muhammad waqas Nadeem Hock Guan Goh muhammad Adnan Khan Muzammil Hussain muhammad Faheem Mushtaq Vasaki a/p Ponnusamy Faculty of Information and Communication Technology(FICT) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(UTAR)KamparPerak31900Malaysia Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science School of Systems and TechnologyUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan

The contemporary evolution in healthcare technologies plays a considerable and signicant role to improve medical services and save human *** disease or cardiovascular disease is the most fatal and complex disease which it is hardly to be detected through our naked eyes,as numerous people have been suffering from this disease *** attacks occur when the ranges of vital signs such as blood pressure,pulse rate,and body temperature exceed their normal *** efcient diagnosis of heart diseases could play a substantial role in the eld of cardiology,while diagnostic time could be *** has been a key challenge for researchers and medical experts to diagnose heart diseases accurately and ***,machine learning-based techniques are used for the diagnosis with higher accuracy,using datasets compiled from former medical patients’*** recent years,numerous studies have been presented in the literature propose machine learning techniques for diagnosing heart ***,the existing techniques have some limitations in terms of their *** this paper,a novel Support Vector Machine(SVM)based architecture for heart disease prediction,empowered with a fuzzy based decision level fusion,is *** SVMbased architecture has improved the accuracy signicantly as compared to existing solutions,where 96.23%accuracy has been achieved.

关键词： Heart disease machine learning support vector machine fuzzy logic fusion cardiovascular

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Multiscale Image Dehazing and Restoration:An Application for Visual Surveillance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1-17页

作者： Samia Riaz muhammad waqas Anwar Irfan Riaz Hyun-Woo Kim Yunyoung Nam muhammad Attique Khan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah Campus47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahorePakistan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsanKorea Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computer Science HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47080Pakistan

The captured outdoor images and videos may appear blurred due to haze,fog,and bad weather *** droplets or dust particles in the atmosphere cause the light to scatter,resulting in very limited scene discernibility and deterioration in the quality of the image ***,image dehazing has gainedmuch popularity because of its usability in a wide variety of *** algorithms have been proposed to solve this ill-posed *** algorithms provide quite promising results in some cases,but they include undesirable artifacts and noise in haze patches in adverse *** of these techniques take unrealistic processing time for high image *** this paper,to achieve real-time halo-free dehazing,fast and effective single image dehazing we propose a simple but effective image restoration technique using multiple *** will improve the shortcomings of DCP and improve its speed and efficiency for high-resolution images.A coarse transmissionmap is estimated by using the minimumof different size *** a cascaded fast guided filter is used to refine the transmission *** introduce an efficient scaling technique for transmission map estimation,which gives an advantage of very low-performance degradation for a highresolution *** performance evaluation,quantitative,qualitative and computational time comparisons have been performed,which provide quiet faithful results in speed,quality,and reliability of handling bright surfaces.

关键词： Dehaze defog pixel minimum patch minimum edge preservation

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Resilient TCP Variant Enabling Smooth Network Updates for Software-Defined Data Center Networks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第5期29卷 1615-1632页

作者： Abdul Basit Dogar Sami Ullah Yiran Zhang Hisham Alasmary muhammad waqas Sheng Chen Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China and also with Department of Informatics and SystemsUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore 54660Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalUpper Dir 18050Pakistan School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyUniversity of BahrainSakheer 32038Bahrainand also with School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityPerth WA 6027Australia School of Electronics and Computer Science University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK

Network updates have become increasingly prevalent since the broad adoption of software-defined networks(SDNs)in data *** TCP designs,including cutting-edge TCP variants DCTCP,CUBIC,and BBR,however,are not resilient to network updates that provoke flow *** this paper,we first demonstrate that popular TCP implementations perform inadequately in the presence of frequent and inconsistent network updates,because inconsistent and frequent network updates result in out-of-order packets and packet drops induced via transitory congestion and lead to serious performance *** look into the causes and propose a network update-friendly TCP(NUFTCP),which is an extension of the DCTCP variant,as a *** are used to assess the proposed *** findings reveal that NUFTCP can more effectively manage the problems of out-of-order packets and packet drops triggered in network updates,and it outperforms DCTCP considerably.

关键词： software defined data center networks network updates DCTCP out-of-order packets packet drop SDN

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Effective(kinetic freeze-out) temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume in high energy collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第11期31卷 36-49页

作者： muhammad waqas Fu-Hu Liu Li-Li Li Haidar Mas’ud Alfanda Institute of Theoretical Physics and State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

The transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles produced in central and peripheral gold–gold(Au–Au)and inelastic proton–proton(pp)collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,as well as in central and peripheral lead-lead(Pb–Pb)and pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider,are analyzed by the multi-component standard(Boltzmann–Gibbs,Fermi–Dirac,and Bose–Einstein)*** obtained results from the standard distribution give an approximate agreement with the measured experimental data by the STAR,PHENIX,and ALICE *** behavior of the effective(kinetic freeze-out)temperature,transverse flow velocity,and kinetic freeze-out volume for particles with different masses is obtained,which observes the early kinetic freezeout of heavier particles as compared to the lighter *** parameters of emissions of different particles are observed to be different,which reveals a direct signature of the mass-dependent differential kinetic *** is also observed that the peripheral nucleus–nucleus(AA)and pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair are in good agreement in terms of the extracted parameters.

关键词： Transverse momentum spectra Effective temperature Kinetic freeze-out temperature Transverse flow velocity Kinetic freeze-out volume

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