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Molecular epidemiology, characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profile of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from dairy farms in China and Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1514-1528页

作者： Ambreen LEGHARI Shakeel Ahmed LAKHO Faiz muhammad KHAND Khaliq ur Rehman BHUTTO Sameen Qayoom LONE muhammad Tahir ALEEM Iqra BANO muhammad ali chandio Jan muhammad SHAH LIN Hui-xing FAN Hong-jie MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand 67210Pakistan Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Tando Jam 70050Pakistan Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis worldwide. Identifying pathogen prevalence and virulence factors is critical for developing prevention and control approaches. Herein, 1 161 milk samples from various dairy farms in China(n=558) and Pakistan(n=603) were collected between 2019–2021 and were subjected to S. agalactiae isolation. Prevalence, serotyping, virulence genes, and antibiotic-resistant genes of S. agalactiae were evaluated by PCR assay. All isolates were characterized for haemolysis, biofilm production, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and invasion on bovine mammary epithelial cells. The prevalence of S. agalactiae-induced mastitis in cattle was found to be considerably higher in Pakistan than in China. Jiangsu and Sindh provinces had the highest area-wise prevalence in China and Pakistan, respectively. Serotypes Ia and II were prevalent in both countries, whereas serotype III was found only in Pakistan. Moreover, all isolates tested positive for PI-2b gene but negative for PI-1 and PI-2a genes. All isolates harboured cfb, cylE, hylB, and fbsB virulent genes, whereas many of them lacked bibA, rib and bca. However, the absence of bac and scp genes in Chinese isolates and cspA in Pakistani isolates was noted, while spb1 and lmb were not detected in isolates of both countries. Pakistani isolates, particularly serotype Iapositive, had a considerably higher ability to produce biofilm, haemolysis, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and invasion than Chinese isolates. Most of the isolates were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin and genotypic resistance was confirmed by the presence of ermA, ermB, tetM and tetO genes. Our study highlights the antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence-related factors contributing to the epidemiological spread of mastitis-causing S. agalactiae in China and Pakistan. The findings may facilitate future studies designed to develop improved treatment and control str

关键词： Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis epidemiology virulence characterization antibiotic resistance

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Determinants of Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in Northern Sindh, Pakistan

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Rice science 2018年第2期25卷 103-110页

作者： Abbas ali chandio JIANG Yuansheng College of Economics Sichuan Agricultural University

Adoption of certified and improved high-yielding crop varieties is important avenue for increasing agricultural productivity and improving the living standard of the farmers in developing countries. The main objective of the current study was to examine factors affecting adoption of improved rice varieties by smallholder farmers in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. The random sampling technique was used to collect data from 220 smallholder rice farmers through the face to face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. The empirical results showed that year of education(P ≤ 0.093), farming experience(P ≤ 0.043), soil quality(P ≤ 0.077), farm machinery ownership(P ≤ 0.000), access to market information(P ≤ 0.055) and contact with extension agents(P ≤ 0.006) had significantly positive influence on adoption of improved rice variety, while age(P ≤ 0.053) had significantly negative effect.

关键词： adoption technology improved variety smallholder farmer

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Sowing uniformity of bed-type pneumatic maize planter at various seedbed preparation levels and machine travel speeds

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第1期14卷 165-171页

作者： Fiaz Ahmad muhammad Adeel Baijing Qiu Jing Ma muhammad Shoaib Aamir Shakoor Farman ali chandio School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan Department of Farm Power and Machinery Sindh Agriculture UniversityTando Jam 70060Pakistan

Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological *** conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter *** pneumatic planter was evaluated to determine the effect of three tillage levels(L1,L2,and L3)and four travel speeds(S1,S2,S3 and S4).The sowing uniformity of the planter was observed with respect to the horizontal distribution of seeds within a row and described by using the precision index(Ip),the multiple index(Imult),the miss-seeding index(Imiss)and the quality of feed index(Iqf).The results revealed that the tillage levels(L)and travel speed(S)had a significant effect(pality-feed and precision indices were 5.14%,5.833%,89.03%and 17.85%at L3,*** mean values of multi-index 17.59%,14.44%,12.40%and 10.18%,quality feed index 74.07%,75.92%,75.74%and 74.07%and precision indices 21.47%,23.26%,25.51%and 28.53%were at S1,S2,S3 and S4,*** study showed that maize could be seeding within an acceptable precise range by bed-type pneumatic planter subjected to the proper seedbed preparation level.

关键词： sowing uniformity pneumatic planter tillage levels travel speed

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Economic outlook of rice crops in Pakistan:a time series analysis (1970-2015)

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Financial Innovation 2017年第1期3卷 162-170页

作者： Abdul Rehman Luan Jingdong Abbas ali chandio muhammad Shabbir Imran Hussain College of Economics and Management Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina College of Economics and Management Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuanYaan ShiSichuan ShengChina University of Kotli Azad Jammu&Kashmir KotliPakistan Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Background:The basic objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the rice output,its production area,water availability,and agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)of *** time series data for 1970–2015 were collected from the National Food Security and Research,Economic Survey of Pakistan,and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(various publications).Methods:Rice crop data were analyzed using the ordinary least square method and the augmented Dickey–Fuller *** interpreted using the Johansen cointegration ***:Our study revealed the existence of a long-standing relationship between rice output,its production area,and water availability with the agricultural GDP of *** results indicate that rice output and cultivated area have a significant and positive relationship with agricultural GDP,while water availability has a negative ***:The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should design new policies and funding schemes for developing and improving water availability.

关键词： Rice output Water availability Agricultural GDP OLS methods Aromatic basmati Rice And irrigation system

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Mechanical strength of wheat grain varieties influenced by moisture content and loading rate

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 52-57页

作者： Yaoming Li Farman ali chandio Zheng Ma Imran ali Lakhiar Abdul Razaque Sahito Fiaz Ahmad Irshad ali Mari Umer Farooq muhammad Suleman Jiangsu University School of Agricultural Equipment EngineeringZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Sindh Agriculture University Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringTandojamSindhPakistan Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management MUETJamshoroPakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahaudin Zakaria UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Mechanical shear resistance of wheat grain is a significant concern for the designers and researchers related to the design of threshing,handling and processing machinery of the field *** grain mechanical properties directly affect the machine geometry and its operational *** present study was carried out to determine the shear resistance of five wheat varieties(Locally names;TD-02,Sindhu-1105,Benazir,China and SKD-118)influenced by moisture content(16.7%,18.7%and 19.5%)and loading rate(3 mm/s,6 mm/s and 9 mm/s).However,some physio-dimensional properties(length,width,thickness,slenderness ratio,surface area and sphericity)were obtained at different moisture *** results showed that the shear resistance reduced by increasing the moisture content and loading *** average shear resistance decreased from 10.45 N to 3.74 N for 3-9 mm/s loading rate at moisture content of 16.7%to 19.5%.Thus,the maximum correlation(r=0.905)of shear resistance obtained at 16.7%,whereas minimum correlation(r=0.692)obtained at 19.5%.The shear resistance of wheat grain was highly significant(p<0.05)at 9 mm/s for 19.5%.Shear resistance decreased with an increase in the moisture content in the grain whereas deformation is increasing with the increase of moisture ***,the maximum bulk density of wheat grain obtained at 19.5%for SKD-118,while the minimum obtained at 16.7%for *** is recommended that the design and modification of wheat grain processing equipment should be executed on the physio-mechanical properties of grain varieties.

关键词： wheat grain shear resistance bulk density of grain varieties moisture content loading rates

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Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 103-110页

作者： Fiaz Ahmad Baijing Qiu Qishuo Ding Weimin Ding Zahid Mahmood Khan muhammad Shoaib Farman ali chandio Abdur Rehim Abdul Khaliq School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Farm Power and Machinery Sindh Agricultural UniversityTandojam 70060Pakistan Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Irrigation and Drainage University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

For granular materials,discrete element modeling is one of the best computer tools to simulate their behavior and interactions.A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of disc furrow openers in paddy *** element simulation was done to develop a 3D DEM model for notched,toothed and double disc furrow openers using EDEM *** Mindlin contact model with bonding was applied for simulation to fulfill the obligations of the soil moisture and bonding between the cohesive *** and field experimental data were compared to determine the applicability in the different working *** results of the simulation validated the applicability of the Hertz-Mindlin contact model with bonding to simulate the no till paddy soil using an extremely narrow tillage *** calibrated value of normal and shear stiffness was 5×10^(7)N/m,and the calibrated value of bond normal and shear strength was 3×10^(7)*** relative error(-1.7%to 20.6%)for the double disc furrow opener was lower as compared with that notch typed(29.2%to 44.4%)and toothed type(31.5%to 45.9%)furrow openers.

关键词： soil tillage discrete element method discrete element modeling furrow opener paddy soil

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Livestock production and population census in Pakistan:Determining their relationship with agricultural GDP using econometric analysis

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2017年第2期4卷 168-177页

作者： Abdul Rehman Luan Jingdong Abbas ali chandio Imran Hussain College of Economics and Management Anhui Agricultural UniversityChina College of Economics and Management Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChina Allama Iqbal Open University Pakistan

Livestock is a subsector of Pakistan agriculture which contributes approximately 56%of value addition in agriculture and nearly 11%to the gross domestic product(GDP).Livestock production makes a major contribution to agriculture value added *** order to highlight the actual performance of livestock production and livestock and poultry products,the study explored the relationship between agricultural GDP and livestock product output,including milk,beef,mutton,poultry meat,eggs,wool,hair,skins,hides and bones,in Pakistan over the 35 year period from 1980 to *** series data were collected from the National Food Security and Research,the Economic Survey of Pakistan and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(various publications).Livestock data were analysed using the ordinary least squares(OLS)method and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)test,and the results were interpreted using the Johansen co-integration *** study found that the output of milk,fat,eggs,bones and mutton has a positive,significant relationship to the agricultural GDP of Pakistan,while the output of beef,poultry meat,wool,hair,skins and hides has a negative,insignificant relationship to the agricultural GDP of ***,the study suggests that the government of Pakistan initiates new funding schemes for the development of the livestock sector.

关键词： Livestock Population census Animal husbandry Poultry OLS Agricultural GDP

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Effects of different irrigation frequencies and incorporation of rice straw on yield and water productivity of wheat crop

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 138-145页

作者： Mazhar Hussain Tunio Jianmin Gao Mashooque ali Talpur Imran ali Lakhiar Farman ali chandio Sher ali Shaikh Kashif ali Solangi School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Sindh Agriculture University 70060 Tando JamPakistan

The current rapid increase in irrigation water consumption is considered unsustainable and threatens the world food ***,it is mandatory to promote modern techniques and to manage existing conventional irrigation *** present study was attempted to determine the effects of different irrigation frequencies and rice straw incorporation rates on yield and water productivity of the wheat *** experiment was arranged with randomize complete block design involving nine treatments(RS 0 I 7,RS 0 I 15,RS 0 I 22,RS 1 I 7,RS 1 I 15,RS 1 I 22,RS 2 I 7,RS 2 I 15 and RS 2 I 22)under three *** exposed that the incorporation of rice straw with different irrigation frequencies significantly improved physico-chemical properties of ***,soil bulk density,infiltration rate,pH,electrical conductivity significantly decreased and soil porosity significantly increased under all ***,maximum crop yield and crop water productivity of 7706.4 kg/hm 2 and 1.92 kg/m 3 respectively were found under RS 1 I 15 *** on experimental results it can be concluded that irrigation frequency and incorporation of rice straw had significant effects on the physico-chemical properties of soil,total grain yield and water productivity of the wheat ***,this study suggested that the wheat crop yield and water productivity could be increased by incorporating 1 t/hm 2 rice straw with 15 d of irrigation frequency.

关键词： physico-chemical irrigation frequency rice straw wheat crop water productivity

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Comparing kernel damage of different threshing components using high-speed cameras

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 215-219页

作者： Zheng Ma Min Han Yaoming Li Shuncheng Yu Farman ali chandio Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of EducationHigh-tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Agricultural Equipment and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Sindh Agriculture University Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringTandojamSindhPakistan

Grain damage research has been a focus of many experts in the agriculture machinery industry.A threshing test-bed was developed to investigate the movement and influence of different threshing and separating units on maize *** damage to maize grains was analyzed with a high-speed camera to observe the movement and damage received by the maize *** results showed that the threshing and separating effects of the perforated concave plate were obviously lower than that of the round steel concave plate,the threshing effects of the rigid rasp bar and polyurethane rasp bar were similar,and the damage ratio of the polyurethane rasp bar was relatively *** also indicated that moisture content has a significant effect on the damage ratio and damage type of maize *** different threshing component types used in this study had an obvious effect on the degree of damage to high moisture content maize grains and the damage to high-moisture kernels during threshing could be further *** results can provide a reference for the design of threshing and separating devices in the maize combine harvesting machinery.

关键词： maize grain damage threshing process high-speed camera

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Effects of droplet size and spray interval on root-to-shoot ratio,photosynthesis efficiency,and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown butter head lettuce

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第1期15卷 79-88页

作者： Mazhar Hussain Tunio Jianmin Gao Waqar Ahmed Qureshi Sher ali Sheikh Jiedong Chen Farman ali chandio Imran ali Lakhiar Kashif ali Solangi School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

The proper selection of the atomizer(droplet size)and nutrient solution spray interval is one of the most important factors to be investigated in aeroponics system for sustainable *** aim of this study was to research the effects of four aeroponics atomizing nozzles(one air-assisted;A_(1),two air-less;A_(2) and A_(3),and one ultrasonic fogger;A_(4))with droplet sizes of 11.24μm,26.35μm,17.38μm,and 4.89μm,respectively,four spray intervals(15 min(I_(1)),30 min(I_(2)),45 min(I_(3))and 60 min(I_(4)))at a 5 min of constant spray time by atomizing the Hoagland’s nutrient solution on growth,root-to-shoot ratio,photosynthesis characteristics,pigments,and nutritional quality of the aeroponically grown *** experimental results demonstrated that in A_(1) atomizer and I_(2) interval,the growth,photosynthesis efficiency,chlorophyll,carotenoids,and nutritional values of the lettuce were significantly higher compared to that grown in A_(2) and A_(3) atomizers at all spray *** shoot developments were more constrained than root,prominent to the alteration of root-to-shoot ratio(fresh and dry)in the influence of different droplet sizes and spray ***,the plants did not grow well in A_(4) atomizer associated with proposed spray *** results disclosed that there was an obvious interaction between droplet sizes(atomizers)and spray intervals for growth,the ratio of root to shoot,photosynthesis efficiency,pigments,and nutritional quality of the aeroponically grown *** research study increases the awareness of the proper droplet size(atomizer)and the regulation of nutrient solution spray interval for leafy vegetables grown in an aeroponics system.

关键词： aeroponics system atomizers droplet sizes photosynthesis efficiency chlorophyll contents quality of lettuce

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