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The Performance of Double Bootstrap Method for Large Sampling Sequence

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第5期6卷 805-813页

作者： muhamad safiih lola Nurul Hila Zainuddin School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Nerus Malaysia

Studies on the iteration procedure in double bootstrap method have given a great impact on confidence interval performance. However, the procedure was claimed to be complicated and demand intensive computer processor. Considering this problem, an alternative procedure was proposed in this research. Despite of using small sampling sequence, this research was aimed to increase the accuracy estimation using a second replication number which resulted in a large sampling sequence of double bootstrap. In this paper, the alternative double bootstrap method was hybrid onto an example model and its performance was based on Studentised interval. The performance was examined in simulation study and real sample data of sukuk Ijarah. The result showed that hybrid double bootstrap model gave more accurate estimation in terms of its shorter length when dealing with various parameter values and has shown to improve the single bootstrap estimation.

关键词： Double Bootstrap Confidence Interval Sampling Sequence EWMA Sukuk Ijarah

Bootstrap Approaches to Autoregressive Model on Exchange Rates Currency

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第6期6卷 1010-1024页

作者： muhamad safiih lola Anthea David Nurul Hila Zainuddin School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Nerus Malaysia

The use of historical data is important in making the predictions, for instance in the exchange rate. However, in the construction of a model, extreme data or dirtiness of data is inevitable. In this study, AR model is used with the exchange rate historical data (January 2007 until December 2007) for USD/MYR and is divided into 1-, 3- and 6-horizontal months respectively. Since the presence of extreme data will affect the accuracy of the results obtained in a prediction. Therefore, to obtain a more accurate prediction results, the bootstrap approach was implemented by hybrid with AR model coins as the Bootstrap Autoregressive model (BAR). The effectiveness of the proposed model is investigated by comparing the existing and the proposed model through the statistical performance methods which are RMSE, MAE and MAD. The comparison involves 1%, 5% and 10% for each horizontal month. The results showed that the BAR model performed better than the AR model in terms of sensitivity to extreme data, the accuracy of forecasting models, efficiency and predictability of the model prediction. In conclusion, bootstrap method can alleviate the sensitivity of the model to the extreme data, thereby improving the accuracy of forecasting model which also have high prediction efficiency and that can increase the predictability of the model.

关键词： Autoregressive Model Outliers Bootstrap Robust

Sample Selection Model with Bootstrap (BPSSM) Approach: Case Study of the Malaysian Population and Family Survey

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第5期6卷 741-748页

作者： muhamad safiih lola Wan Saliha Wan Alwi Nurul Hila Zainuddin School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

Heckman Sampel Selection Model (PSSM) has been adopted widely in the study of labour work. This model contains exogenous, endogenous and standard error variables. However, this model is constantly exposed to high inaccuracy of estimation result. Therefore, to obtain an accurate and precise estimation, the bootstrap approach is introduced. The bootstrap approach will be hybrid with PSSM model known as BPSSM to achieve estimation result that is more precise. Then, the BPSSM is applied to Malaysian Population and Family Survey 1994 (MPFS-1994) data. The results showed that BPSSM provide a smaller standard error and shorter confidence intervals.

关键词： Sampel Selection Bootstrap Standard Error Confidence Intervals

Forecasting towards Planning and Sustainable Development Based on a System Dynamic Approach: A Case Study of the Setiu District, State of Terengganu, Malaysia

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第5期6卷 931-950页

作者： muhamad safiih lola Mohd Noor Afiq Ramlee Hanani Isa Mhd Ikhwanuddin Abdullah Mohd Fadli Hussin Nurul Hila Zainuddin Mohd Naeim Rahman School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Institute Aquaculture Tropical University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia

In this paper, a system dynamics approach is used instead of the traditional approaches to stimulate, forecast and analyze the economic effects of an existing policy practice in Setiu Wetland. As a part of Setiu district that uphold tradition in fishery and maritime based industry, Setiu Wetland area seems to be left behind in terms of economic and livelihood. Generally, Setiu development policy consists of five sub-system including population growth, economic, residential, transportation and sub-urban sprawl. Due to their widespread population distribution, Setiu Wetland receives low urban-related progress. Hence, a forecast of 30 years from 2016 to 2046 providing a necessary insight for potential development of the Setiu Wetland region, to simulate its environment, identify gaps, propose suitable land model towards Setiu Minapolitan area (Peri-urban area) and suggest directions for future studies particularly in economic and livelihood for local authorities to develop with.

关键词： System Dynamics Setiu Wetland Minapolita Economic and Livelihood Policy Practice

Improved the Prediction of Multiple Linear Regression Model Performance Using the Hybrid Approach: A Case Study of Chlorophyll-a at the Offshore Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第5期6卷 789-804页

作者： muhamad safiih lola Mohd Noor Afiq Ramlee G. Sugan Gunalan Nurul Hila Zainuddin Razak Zakariya MdSuffian Idris Idham Khalil School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia School of Science Marin University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia

Efficiency and precision in prediction of Chlorophyll-a using this model is still a pandemic among researchers, due to the natural conditions in ocean water systems itself, which involved chemical, biological and physical processes and interaction among them may affect the model performance drastically. Thus, to overcome this problem as well as to improve the strength of MLR, we proposed a hybrid approach, i.e., an Artificial Neural Network to the MLR coins as Artificial Neural Network-Multiple Linear Regression (ANN-MLR). To investigate the performance of the proposed model, we compared Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and proposed hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression (ANN-MLR) in the prediction of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration by statistical measurement which are MSE and MAE. Achieving our objectives of study, we used 4 parameters, i.e. temperature (°C), pH, salinity (ppt), DO (ppm) at the Offshore Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The results showed that our proposed model can improve the performance of the model as compared to ANN and MLR due to small errors generated, error reduced, and increased the correlation coefficient for all parameters in both MSE and MAE, respectively. Thus, this result indicated that our proposed model is efficient, precise and almost perfect correlation as compared to ANN and MLR.

关键词： Multi Linear Regression Artificial Neural Network ANN-MLR Chlorophyll-a Correlation

NAD+ metabolism, sternness, the immune response, and cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 257-276页

作者： lola ENavas Amancio Carnero Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBIS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocioUniversidad de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasSevillaSpain CIBER de Cancer SevillaSpain

NAD+was discovered during yeast fermentation,and since its discovery,its important roles in redox metabolism,aging,and longevity,the immune system and DNA repair have been highlighted.A deregulation of the NAD+levels has been associated with metabolic diseases and aging-related diseases,including neurodegeneration,defective immune responses,and ***+acts as a cofactor through its interplay with NADH,playing an essential role in many enzymatic reactions of energy metabolism,such as glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid oxidation,and the TCA ***+also plays a role in deacetylation by sirtuins and ADP ribosylation during DNA damage/repair by PARP ***,different NAD hydrolase proteins also consume NAD+while converting it into ADP-ribose or its cyclic *** of these proteins,such as CD38,seem to be extensively involved in the immune *** NAD cannot be taken directly from food,NAD metabolism is essential,and NAMPT is the key enzyme recovering NAD from nicotinamide and generating most of the NAD cellular *** of the complex network of pathways in which NAD+is essential,the important role of NAD+and its key ge nerating enzyme,NAMPT,in cancer is *** the present work,we review the role of NAD+and NAMPT in the ways that they may influence cancer metabolism,the immune system,stemness,aging,and ***,we review some ongoing research on therapeutic approaches.

关键词： metabolism cancer diseases

Long-term evolution of magnetic fields in flaring Active Region NOAA 12673

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第12期21卷 453-470页

作者： Johan muhamad muhamad Zamzam Nurzaman Tiar Dani Arun Relung Pamutri Space Science Center National Institute of Aeronautics and Space(LAPAN)National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Bandung 40173Indonesia Department of Mathematics Universitas Jenderal SoedirmanPurwokertoIndonesia

During the lifetime of AR 12673,its magnetic field evolved drastically and produced numerous large *** this study,using full maps of the Sun observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory,we identified that AR 12673 emerged in decayed AR 12665,which had survived for two solar *** both ARs emerged at the same location,they possessed different characteristics and different flare ***,it is important to study the long-term magnetic evolution of both ARs to identify the distinguishing characteristics of an AR that can produce large solar *** used the Space-weather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Active Region Patch data to investigate the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field and other physical properties of the recurring ARs during five Carrington *** these investigated parameters dynamically evolved through a series of solar *** compared the long-term evolution of AR 12665 and AR 12673 to understand the differences in their flare-producing *** also studied the relation of the long-term evolution of these ARs with the presence of active *** found that the magnetic flux and complexity of AR12673 developed much faster than those of AR *** results confirmed that a strong emerging flux that emerged in the pre-existing AR near the active longitude created a very strong and complex AR that produced large flares.

关键词： Sun:general Sun:flares Sun:activity Sun:magnetic fields Sun:sunspot Sun:photosphere

Homogeneous tree height derivation from tree crown delineation using Seeded Region Growing(SRG)segmentation

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第3期23卷 195-208,I0001页

作者： muhamad Farid Ramli Khairul Nizam Tahar Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics Faculty of Architecture Planning and SurveyingUniversiti Teknologi MARAShah AlamSelangorMalaysia

The demand for tree height derivation is increasing year by year,especially for large plantation and forest *** conventional method needs a long time to complete tree measurement for large forest area,especially when using a pole,measuring tape,rangefinder,clinometer,and tree *** study aims to evaluate the height of oil palm tree based on crown diameter by using a multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV).Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and orthophoto were generated by using Agisoft software,while oil palm tree crown diameter was delineated by using seed generation with Quantum Geographic Information System(QGIS)and Seeded Region Growing(SRG)segmentation methods in the System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis(SAGA).The study validates the results between the actual tree height and tree height estimated from *** results showed that the orthophoto was successfully generated with a Ground Sampling Distance(GSD)of 2.95 cm and 129 tree crowns were successfully *** accuracy of the tree height as compared to the actual measurement was 57.7 *** conclusion,UAV images are capable of determining the tree height after going through the correct procedure to help foresters in their daily task.

关键词： Oil palm diameter validation accuracy Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)

The lineaments as one of the precursors of earthquakes: A case study of Tashkent geodynamical polygon in Uzbekistan

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第6期12卷 399-404页

作者： lola Sichugova Dilbarkhon Fazilova Astronomical Institute of Uzbek Academy of Sciences 33 Astronomicheskaya Street100052TashkentUzbekistan

This work is to study earthquake precursors using lineament analysis of five MW3 earthquakes that occurred in 2018 on the territory of the Tashkent geodynamic polygon in *** Landsat 8 satellite images were processed using the automated lineament detection method in the LEFA *** processing steps included image preprocessing with graphic filters,edge detection using Canny’s algorithm,the definition of a vector of linear elements based on the probabilistic Hough transform and combining collinear linear elements into *** analysis of the cyclicity of precursors before and after earthquakes was based on the study of the distribution of the lineaments trend in the study area using rose diagrams and lineaments density *** results showed a change in the dynamics of the lineament *** statistical analysis of lineaments revealed that the number and orientation of lineaments changed significantly about 2-4 months before an earthquake,and after 2-3 months,the system gradually returned to its initial *** rapid increase in lineaments density began almost 20 days before the event,reaching a maximum about 4 days before the earthquake,and its decrease began16 days after the *** main trends observed in the lineament map showed dominant trends in NS,EW,and the subdominant directions were in NW-SE,NE-SW,which coincided with main directions of the faults.

关键词： Lineaments Earthquake Density Rose diagram Landsat 8