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Exploring the region-wise diversity and functions of symbiotic bacteria in the gut system of wood-feeding termite,Coptotermes formosanus,toward the degradation of cellulose,hemicellulose,and organic dyes

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1414-1432页

作者： mudasir a.dar Rongrong Xie Radhakrishna S.Pandit Blessing Danso Chenchen Dong Jianzhong Sun Biofuels Institute School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Zoology Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPuneIndia

The wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus represents a unique and impressive system for lignocellulose *** highly efficient digestion of lignocellulose is achieved through symbiosis with gut symbionts like *** extensive research during the last three decades,diversity of bacterial symbionts residing in individual gut regions of the termite and their associated functions is still *** this end,cellulose,xylan,and dye-decolorization bacteria residing in foregut,midgut,and hindgut regions of *** were enlisted by using enrichment and culture-dependent molecular methods.A total of 87 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from different gut regions of *** which belonged to 27 different species of 10 genera,majorly affiliated with Proteobacteria(80%)and Firmicutes(18.3%).Among the gut regions,37.9%of the total bacterial isolates were observed in the hindgut that demonstrated predominance of cellulolytic bacteria(47.6%).The majority of the xylanolytic and dye-decolorization bacteria(50%)were obtained from the foregut and midgut,*** represented by Dietza *** observed in the hindgut *** on species richness,the highest diversity was observed in midgut and hindgut regions each of which harbored seven unique bacterial *** members of Enterobacter,Klebsiella,and Pseudomonas were common among the gut *** lignocellulolytic activities of the selected potential bacteria signpost their assistance to the host for lignocellulose *** overall results indicate that *** harbors diverse communities of lignocellulolytic bacteria in different regions of the gut *** observations will significantly advance our understanding of the termite–bacteria symbiosis and their microbial ecology uniquely existed in different gut regions of ***,which may further shed a light on its potential values at termite-modeled biotechnology.

关键词： bacterial symbionts Coptotermes formosanus culture-dependent gut regions lignocellulose termite

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Statistical optimization of lignocellulosic waste containing culture medium for enhanced production of cellulase by Bacillus tequilensis G9

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2019年第3期1卷 213-226页

作者： mudasir a.dar Kiran D.Pawar Jyoti M.Chintalchere Radhakrishna S.Pandit Department of Zoology Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPuneMaharashtra 411007India School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology Shivaji UniversityVidyanagarKolhapurMaharashtra 416004India

The ever increasing energy demands of modern civilization and rapidly dwindling fossil fuels point towards a renewable substitute like ***,higher costs associated with biofuel productions is the major bottleneck for its *** present study demonstrates the use of a statistical approach called response surface methodology(RSM)to investigate the optimum parameters for maximum production of cellulase by Bacillus tequilensis *** Plackett-Bur-man design(PB)of the RSM analysis indicated grass straw(GS)concentration,pH,FeSO4,inoculum,MgSO4,incubation period and NH4Cl as significant variables that influence the cellulase ***,to propose the best medium for the maximum production of cellulase by *** G9,the most influential parameters,namely concentrations of GS as substrate,FeSO4,pH,inoculum size,*** fine-tuned by central composite design(CCD)involving four factors and five *** CCD analysis demonstrated 8%substrate concentration,1.5%of inoculum along with 10 ppm FeSO4 and a pH of 5.5 in media as optimum conditions for highest enzyme *** field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis of the treated GS showed structural alterations depicting significant deconstruction caused by *** *** yield of the partially purified cellulase proteins were found to be 21%revealing molecular mass between 30 and 97 *** enhanced cellulase production by *** G9 demonstrated in our study brands its applications in many industrial processes like biorefinery,biofuels,etc.

关键词： Bacillus tequilensis G9 Cellulase production Plackett-Burman design Central composite design RSM Saccharification

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Diversity of Pigments in Insects,Their Synthesis and Economic Value for Various Industries

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Research in Ecology 2021年第2期3卷 10-17页

作者： Tanuja N.Bankar mudasir a.dar Radhakrishna S.Pandit Department of Zoology Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneMaharashtra11007India School of the environment and safety engineering Jiangsu University212013China

Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly,*** evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that insect colors respond to the climatic *** physical,chemical and structural properties of insect pigments are being studied by researchers for years to elucidate their evolutionary aspects of physiology,metabolism,and economic importance for human *** development in insects varies within the species of different *** this state-of-the-art literature review,we discuss the variety of pigments other than visual ones found in different species of *** review also highlights the potential benefits or functions of pigments to insects.

关键词： Pigment Colour development Insect Genetics Commercial value

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Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 277-281页

作者： Óscar darío García-García Víctor Carriel Jesús Chato-Astrain Department of Histology Tissue Engineering GroupUniversity of Granada&Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve *** to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental ***,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience *** this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining *** the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

关键词： fluorescence microscopy histology light microscopy lipid histochemistry metallographic techniques myelin histochemistry myelin immunohistochemistry myelin structure&composition myelin ultrastructural evaluation tissue fixation&processing

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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： S.Terlicka N.Sobczak Ł.Maj P.darłak J.J.Sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure Ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary Purification(CP)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(CP:760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/Ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the CP procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθ<90°in<1 s),followed by fast spreading and good wetting over the Ni substrate(θ_((CP))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(CP))~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the CH procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys Sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

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New therapy for metabolic syndrome:Gut microbiome supplementation

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第9期15卷 1833-1836页

作者： Waseem Qureshi Maqsood Ahmad dar Mohd Younis Rather Hospital Administration Government Medical CollegeUniversity of KashmirJammu and KashmirSrinagar 190010India Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegeUniversity of KashmirJammu and KashmirSrinagar 190010India Multidisciplinary Research Unit Government Medical CollegeUniversity of KashmirJammu and KashmirSrinagar 190010India

The gut microbiota is important in the development and progression of metabolic illnesses such type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and *** diverse community of microorganisms controls a variety of physiological functions,including metabolism,inflammation,and immune *** these interactions has resulted in novel therapeutic options,including microbiome *** gut microbiome is extremely susceptible to dietary changes,which can alter its makeup and function,influencing metabolite synthesis that affects host *** metabolites,such as butyrate and propionate,have been proven to protect against metabolic illnesses,whereas trimethylamine has been linked to ***,probiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics are being investigated by researchers as ways to change the gut microbiome and boost metabolic *** advances in therapy and lifestyle adjustments,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing,emphasizing the need for new medicines.

关键词： Probiotics Prebiotics Synbiotics Postbiotics Microbiome Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Obesity

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Optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of spinel chalcogenides HgLa2X4（X=S and Se）:A first-principles study

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1927-1936页

作者： Aparna Dixit Inas A.Ahmed Jisha Annie Abraham Zeinhom M.El-Bahy Mumtaz Manzoor Sajad Ahmad dar Ramesh Sharma Department of Basic Science and Humanities Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Department of Physics National Defence Academy Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalya College Department of Applied Science Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology

We investigated spinel chalcogenides HgLa2（S/Se）4by using density function theory,and scrutinized the structural,optical,electrical,mechanical and thermoelectric transport characteristics of HgLa2（S/Se）4spinel *** enthalpy of formation,energy of cohesion,and energy volume optimum plots were used to obtain the stability as well as the perfect ground state of these *** ductility of these materials was the best illustrated with the help of Poisson's and Pugh's *** band gap results were obtained using Trans and Blaha modified Becke-Johanson potential（TB-mBJ）.Both the materials present semi-conducting nature with direct band gap equal to 1.449 and 0.892 eV respectively for HgLa2S4and *** were also made for optical characteristics with the values of dielectric function,absorption coefficient,optical conductivity,reflectivity,and refractive *** to the findings,both of these materials are suitable for infrared optoelectronic *** materials were found to have promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications after their optical properties and transport aspects were *** tiny levels of temperature conductivities,substantial am ounts of power conductivities,the figure of merit（more than unity）,as well as Seebecs coefficients all point to the potential use of both the materials in thermoelectric power generators.

关键词： Density functional theory Direct band gap Optoelectronic Power factor Semiconductors Thermoelectric

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Variable range hopping transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism in GdCrO_(3) rare-earth orthochromite perovskite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1304-1316,I0004页

作者： Muhammad Javed Ayaz Arif Khan Jamal Kazmi Naeem Akbar Said Nasir Khisro Amanullah dar Aleem Dad Khan Tareen Mohd Ambri Mohamed Department of Physics The University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Physics University of Kotli Azad Jammu and KashmirKotli11100Pakistan Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Mathematics University of Kotli Azad Jammu and KashmirKotli11100Pakistan

The polycrystalline GdCrO_(3)(GCO)perovskite orthochromite was synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion *** Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction(XRD)profile of GCO confirms that the orthorhombic phase crystallizes in perovskite crystal structure with space group *** transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction divulge the polycrystalline nature of the perovskite *** field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)images reveal the microstructural polyhedral growth of grains separated by sharp grain *** chemical states of the ions present in the compound were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)studies,and the electrical pathways were *** impedance studies were carried out in the experimental frequency and temperature ranges of 40 Hz-4 MHz and 178-408 K,*** equivalent circuit model(RGQG)(RGBQGB)resolves the impedance response into two contributions originating from the intra-grain and inter-granular micro-constituents of the *** electrical conduction mechanism is based on the Mott variable range hopping *** complex electric modulus studies demonstrate the short-and long-range mobility of the charge carriers and rule out the presence of electrode effects on the dielectric relaxation mechanism of the *** decreasing pattern of dielectric permittivity with frequency is explained by the Maxwell-Wagner type of *** frequency dependence of the loss factor exhibits the presence of thermally activated relaxation time distribution in the material.

关键词： Auto-combustion Perovskite Electro-ceramic Dielectric Electrical transport Impedance

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The 111-Years-Old Cosmic Ray Puzzle Has Been Solved?

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第1期15卷 125-131页

作者： Shlomo Dado Arnon dar Physics Department Technion Haifa Israel

We show that recently multi-messenger astronomy has provided compelling evidence that the bulk of high energy cosmic rays (CRs) are produced by highly relativistic narrow jets of plasmoids launched in core collapse of stripped-envelope massive stars to neutron stars and stellar mass black holes. Such events produce also a visible GRB if the jet happens to point in our direction. This has been long advocated by the cannon ball (CB) model of high energy CRs and GRBs, but the evidence has been provided only recently by what were widely believed to be unrelated discoveries. They include the very recent discovery of a knee around TeV in the energy spectrum of high energy CR electrons, the peak photon energy in the “brightest of all time” GRB221009A, and the failure of IceCube to detect high energy neutrinos from GRBs, including GRB221009A. They were all predicted by the cannonball (CB) model of high energy CRs and GRBs long before they were discovered in observations, despite a negligible probability to occur by chance.

关键词： Cosmic Rays Gamma Ray Bursts Neutrino Bursts

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Rare earth element(REE) geochemistry of phosphorites of the Sonrai area of Paleoproterozoic Bijawar basin,Uttar Pradesh,India

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第5期30卷 507-514页

作者： K.F.Khan Shamim a.dar Saif A.Khan Department of Geology Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh-202002Uttar PradeshIndia

The rare earth element（REE） data from the Paleoproterozoic Bijawar basin,Sonrai phosphorites were used to interpret the depositional conditions of the *** post archean Australian shales（PAAS） normalized REE patterns of the Sonrai phosphorites were characterized by negative Ce and positive Eu *** rare earth elements（MREE）-enrichment was a characteristic *** showing the diagenetic effects on the REE patterns were *** observed Eu anomaly was indicative of an anoxic（or sulphate reducing） diagenetic environment of phosphate *** of sea water and upwelling during the Paleoproterozoic was responsible for the recording of positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies in the Sonrai phosphorites.

关键词： rare earth elements geochemistry phosphorites Sonrai Bijawar basin Ce anomaly Eu anomaly

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