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Cellular Growth Dynamics Affects Allelopathic Activity in Coffee Cell Culture

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 857-868页

作者： muchamad imam asrori Shinjiro Ogita Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research Prefectural University of Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan

Cellular growth dynamics and allelopathic activity in coffee cell cultures were examined as follows: First, we compared allelopathic activity of seven woody plant calli, Coffea canephora, Derris indica, Ficus carica L., Juniperus conferta, Prunus persica, Punica granatum, and Sonneratia ovata, using a modified “sandwich method bioassay” and found that coffee callus showed the strongest growth inhibition to lettuce seedling nearly 90% of hypocotyl and 96% of root. This coffee callus actively proliferated, with a 21-fold increase during five weeks of subculture, with a growth curve comprising two typical phases: a lag phase of 0 - 2 weeks of culture and an exponential phase of 3 - 5 weeks of culture. Allelopathic activity varied depending on the growth phase of the coffee callus. The strongest allelopathic activity was detected in 1 - 2-week-old callus showing nearly 100% inhibitory effect on lettuce seedling growth. As the allelopathic activity of coffee calli is extremely high, beyond the natural level in coffee leaves and green beans, we focused on analyzing the allelopathic activity of its aqueous extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. Several prominent peaks, including two reference alkaloids, theobromine and caffeine, which are known allelochemicals in coffee plants, and three distinct unknown peaks were identified at 270 nm in coffee calli during the lag phase (1 - 2 weeks of culture). The higher value of the total phenolic content in the lag phase also suggested a key biosynthetic pathway in relation to the allelopathic activity of coffee callus will be activated in the lag phase.

关键词： Allelopathic Activity Coffea canephora Callus Growth Phase Sandwich Method Bioassay

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The Role of Clay Mineral Composition on Silicified Coal Genesa Based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 192-208页

作者： Basuki Rahmad Gerhana Prasetya Sugeng Ediyanto muchamad Ocky Bayu Nugroho Intan Permata Hatty Hariyadi Geological Engineering Department Faculty of Technology Mineral Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta Kota Yogyakarta Indonesia PT. Adaro Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia

The interesting concern in this study is that in the same outcrop it was found that the first coal seam (coal seam-D) contains silicified coal and the second coal seam (coal seam-E) does not contain silicified coal and how to find out the cause. In general, the characteristics of silicified coal seam-D are in the form of lenses; the distribution extends from a few meters to several tens of meters with a thickness of three to five centimeters and some are in nodules. Environmental conditions are the main factor in the formation of silicified coal where the acidity level of coal bearing sediment seam-D which is between 3.4 (roof sediment) to 4.2 (floor sediment) is higher than coal bearing sediment seam-E which has a pH of 5.4. This condition indicates that the coal bearing sediment seam-D environment is more acidic than coal seam-E. The results of XRD analysis show that the seam-D containing silicified coal has a composition of 47.47% kaolinite, 21.27% illite, 23.73% smectite and 17.54% mixed layer, while the seam-E which does not contain silicified coal has a composition of kaolinite 35.78%, illite 17.88%, smectite 21.59% and mixed layer 24.76%. Acidic environmental conditions (pH) and silica enrichment in clay minerals (kaolinite) in the roof sediments during sedimentation, accelerated the process of deposition of colloidal silica in the wood structure of coal seams into silicified coal.

关键词： Silicified Coal Roof Sediment pH Kaolinite Acid

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