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Trauma Emergencies at University Hospital of Brazzaville, Congo

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Surgical Science 2022年第3期13卷 144-154页

作者： Massamba Miabaou Didace boukassa l.on Note Madzele Murielle Monka Marius Ondima Irène Moyikoua Armand Massamba Alphonse Digestive Surgery Department University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Polyvalent Surgery Department University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Traumatology-Orthopaedic Department University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Brazzaville Congo laboratory of Numerical Analysis Computer Science and Applications Faculty of Sciences and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Background: Trauma is the main reason for consultation in the emergency unit. They deserve particular attention in the Congo where road accidents and violence of all kinds are increasingly observed. Methods: This study who carried out in the surgical emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville, aims to analyze the epidemiological and etiological aspects, the anatomical lesions encountered;to describe their management, as well as to evaluate the induced mortality while emphasizing their place in all surgical emergencies. The prospective and analytical study included 2127 patients admitted to a traumatic emergency unit from January 1 to June 30, 2018. Medical records served as data sources. The measure of trauma severity was determined using Champion’s Trauma Score. The epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic parameters were studied. Results: The population most affected was adolescents and young adults (mean age, 27.3 years) with a male predominance: 1318 men (i.e. 61.9%) for 809 women (i.e. 38.1%). Road accidents (n = 819, or 38.5%) were the main cause of injuries, followed by violence (n = 702, or 33%) and falls (27.3%). The skull, limbs, thorax and abdomen are the main targets. The most observed lesions were limb fractures (n = 344, i.e. 16.1%), intracranial hematomas and contusions (n = 315, i.e. 14.8%), thoracic and abdominal wounds (n = 28, i.e. 1.3%). Mortality was evaluated at 0.6%, and was correlated with the severity of the lesions and the type of trauma. Conclusion: Trauma is very common in emergency consultations in Congo, with a hospital frequency of 75.1% of all emergencies. Preventive actions are essential to reduce their frequency.

关键词： Emergencies Trauma Accidents Public Road Violence

Nonsurgical Management of the Brain’s Trauma in the University Hospital of Brazzaville

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 157-162页

作者： Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki Marie Elombila Olivier Brice Ngackosso Brice Sinclair Kinata l.on boukassa Gilbert Fabrice Otiobanda Department of Surgery University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Intensive Care University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical management of traumatic brain injury. We performed a retrospective and descriptive study during the period from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015 (24 months), into the surgical department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. 167 cases of non-operated traumatized brain have been identified. The average age was 29.84 years. The sex ratio was 8.82. Accidents on public roads were responsible for injury in 88.2% of the cases. 46.71% of patients had a moderate traumatic brain injury while 10.18% had a severe traumatic brain injury. Radiological evaluation was highlighted for the brain contusion in 52.09% of the cases. Tracheal intubation and ventilation were completed only in 6 out of the 17 cases of severe traumatic brain injury. Prevention of post-traumatic seizure was performed with the use of phenobarbital or sodium valproate. Mannitol was used for its osmotic properties. The outcome was favorable in 55.68% of the cases. The most common complications were pul.onary infections, persistent neurological disorders, urinary infection and hyponatremia. Mortality was recorded at 13.77%. Nonsurgical management of traumatic brain injury involves an expansion of the ventilatory assistance indication at all severe traumatic brain injuries, the fight against infectious complications and ionic monitoring.

关键词： Nonsurgical Traumatic Brain Injury Morbidity Brazzaville

Neurolysis of the Median Nerve to the Carpal Canal by the Way Mini-Open: Review of 68 Files at Brazzaville University Hospital

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Surgical Science 2017年第12期8卷 510-518页

作者： Massamba Miabaou Didace boukassa l.on lamini Norbert Massouama Régis Monka Marius Ondélé Ngatsé Bileckot Richard Ntsiba Honoré Multipurpose Surgery Department Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Rheumatology Department CHU Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Traumatology-Orthopedics University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Anesthesia-Resuscitation Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Functional Rehabilitation Department Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Congo

Objective: To evaluate the results of neurolysis of the median nerve to the carpal tunnel in patients operated by the mini-open technique. Methods: The prospective study included 68 patients (16 men and 52 women) aged 43 to 80 years (mean age: 64 years). Patients were evaluated in pre- and post-operative by a questionnaire. The mini open technique with cutaneous approach to the heel of the hand following the 4th ray was performed in all patients under local, locoregional or general anesthesia. Results: The results were evaluated in 3 consultations, in the 1st, 3rd and 6th month. We obtained very good results in 54.4% of the cases (n = 37) and 30.9% (n = 21) of good results and 14.70% (n = 10) of poor results. No vascular, tendinous or neurological complications were noted. Two patients were reoperated for incomplete resection of the carpal ring ligament. The mini-open technique has achieved good results in all neurolysis despite the delay in surgical management. Conclusion: The results of the surgical treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome depend on the precocity of the diagnosis and the surgical indication.

关键词： Neurolysis Median Nerve Carpal Tunnel Mini-Open Technique

Distribution and Characterization of Heavy Metal and Pollution Indices in landfill Soil for Its Rehabilitation by Phytoremediation

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第1期10卷 151-172页

作者： Kraidy N’gattah Barthélémy armel Bolou Bi Bolou Emile Allou Kouassi Daniel Université Félix Houphouë t-Boigny Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières Laboratoire des Sciences du Sol de l’Eau et des Géomatériaux (LSSEG) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Population growth associated with urban development in African cities is a key environmental concern in development programs. Indeed, urban areas are strongly impacted by the production of municipal waste, the management of which remains problematic and is only stored in open dumps. This is the case in the city of Bonoua, a small town located 59 km east of Abidjan in the South Comoé region of Côte d’Ivoire. The management of municipal waste in this town is crucial because all the mineral water sources are concentrated in this town. The objective of this study is to characterize and map the distribution of trace metal elements in the largest urban landfill in the city in order to propose an efficient strategy for rehabilitation into an urban park. Soil samples were collected from the entire site (landfill and surrounding soil) and from a control site. The total content of trace metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn) in the soil was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Soil pollution was evaluated through enrichment factors, geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices. The results show that the calculated geoaccumulation indices and their distribution maps indicate a pollution of the site in these elements. The values of the PI higher than the unit reveal a pollution of the site in several elements. The levels of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn are higher than the levels in the upper continental crust and in the control soil. The spatial distribution shows a significant accumulation of Pb, Cr and Zn on the landfill while Cd is concentrated in the surrounding soils. The calculated enrichment factors suggest an anthropogenic origin of the heavy metal at the study site. These results indicate polymetallic pollution by metals that can persist in the environment and affect human health.

关键词： Municipal landfill Soil Heavy Metals Pollution Bonoua Ivory Coast

Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors in Brazzaville (Congo) about a Case Series

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第1期10卷 27-35页

作者： Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki l.on boukassa Olivier Brice Ngackosso Sinclair Brice Kinata Bambino Gedeon Colin Thouassa Rel Gerald Boukaka Kala Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Service de Chirurgie Polyvalente CHU de Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system are the most common group of solid neoplasm in children and account for 20% to 25%. They are common in Sub-Saharan countries, despite the insufficiency of histological diagnosis. No study has been performed concerning the pediatric brain tumors in the Republic of Congo. The aim of this study was to describe the conditions of neurosurgical management of pediatric tumors in Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study, from January 2014 to December 2017 (48 months), into the neurological unit of the surgical department of Brazzaville. We included all patients aged from 17 years old and below, hospitalized for a brain tumor. Results: We have identified 11 cases of brain tumors. The average age was 8.1 ± 4.3 years old, a sex ratio of 0.57. Ten out of the eleven patients of our series have intracranial hypertension. We found six cases of infratentorial tumors and five of supratentorial location. Only three cases had histology. Ten patients were operated, limited by ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 6 cases, surgical resection in three cases, biopsy in one case. There were no possibilities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy during this period of study. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team must be organized to improve the management of pediatric brain tumors in our context. Histological diagnosis and possibilities of radiotherapy are imperatively needed.

关键词： Pediatric Brain Tumor Posterior Fossa Tumors Surgical Resection Brazzaville

Intracranial Suppuration at the Brazzaville Academic Hospital

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2020年第1期11卷 36-44页

作者： l. boukassa H. B. Ekouele-Mbaki O. B. Ngackosso S. B. Kinata Bambino Department of Surgery Division of Neurosurgery Brazzaville Academic Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Background: Intracranial suppurations (ICS) due to banal germs are medical-surgical emergencies, despite their little removed frequency. Represented by abscesses and empyemas, their management has been improved by the combined contributions of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Objective: Appreciate the management of intracranial suppurations banal germ in our service. Material and methods: A retrospective study of 41 cases of intra-cranial suppurations was conducted at Brazzaville University Hospital, from January 2007 to June 2019. Diagnostic, therapeutic and evolution aspects have been studied. Results: They are divided into 24 empyemas, 8 abscesses and 9 associations abscess-empyema. The average age was 20.2 years old in general. The male predominance is noted in all groups. The sex ratio is 3.1 for all of these intracranial suppurations (ICS). They frequently complicated Oto-Rhino-laryngology (ORl) infections (41.4%). The clinic was mostly represented by the Bergman’s triad 51.2%, followed by headache 14.6% and seizures 12.2%. The lesions were predominant in supratentorial 97.5%. Frontal location was found in 67.4%. Germs were isolated in 29.4% of samples. There were 5 Streptococci, 3 Staphylococci and 2 Gram-negative Bacilli. The medico-surgical treatment indicated in 80.5% combined often probabilistic tri-antibiotherapy with the evacuation of the pus by the trepano-puncture. Evolution under this treatment was marked by healing in 90.2%. The lethality was 9.7%. Conclusion: The pursuit of the improvement of these infections requires the adequate treatment of their gateways, most of them loco-regional.

关键词： Intracranial Suppuration Abscess Empyema

Socio-Demographic Profile of Patients Victims of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo)

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第3期13卷 137-144页

作者： Ekouele Mbaki Hugues Brieux loko Ruben Ange Florice Tiafumu Konde Christ Arnaud Mbou Essie Darius Eryx Boukaka Kala Rel Gerald boukassa l.on Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Multipurpose Surgery Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Emergency Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are a public health problem. Subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) is the most common. They are a source of neurological consequences that can affect the functional prognosis, but above all vital. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with lower cervical spine trauma. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional and retrospective study over seven years, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, in the multipurpose surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. We included all patients hospitalized for SCST, having performed at least one radiological examination. We excluded all patients whose records were incomplete. Results: We recorded 90 cases of SCST, and 60 cases met our selection criteria. The median age was 37 years, with the extremes of 6 and 83, the sex ratio of 3.6. The level of education was secondary in 45 cases (75%), and university in 13 cases (21.7%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 68.3% of cases, followed by falls in 16.7%. Motorcyclists were the most frequent victims (46.3%). Among the 60 patients in the series, three (5%) had health insurance. Conclusion: The SCST concerns subjects in their thirties, of the male sex. Road traffic accidents are the first cause, and mainly concern motorcyclists.

关键词： Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma Road Traffic Accidents Prevention

Diversity and Influence of Environmental Factors on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of the Ichthyofauna of Malonda lagoon (Congo Brazzaville)

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Natural Resources 2021年第5期12卷 147-163页

作者： Tenda Hélène Dembe louvinguila armel Ibala Zamba Victor Mamonekene lérège Batiabo Mikembi Freedom Honest Poaty Ngot Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et de Foresterie (ENSAF) Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Institut national de Recherche en Sciences Exactes Naturelles Laboratoire de l’Environnement et Océanographie Brazzaville République du Congo

This study was initiated with the aim of studying the diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of fish in the Malonda lagoon, one of the coastal ecosystems of the Base Guinea in the Republic of Congo. The fish were sampled over a period of two years in three zones each including three stations known as: Mangrove, Grass and Full water. One station upstream towards the freshwater zone, one station downstream towards the mouth and one station in the containment zone. The catches were made using monofilament gillnets of 8, 10, 20 and 30 mm mesh size. During the rainy season, 1516 specimens belonging to 29 species, 17 families and 12 orders were collected. In the dry season, 768 specimens belonging to 20 species, 11 families and 8 orders were collected. For both seasons, the family Cichlidae is the most diversified. The marine forms are the most represented compared to the continental forms. Redundancy Analysis with forward selection coupled with Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that in the rainy season four variables influenced the distribution of species (Depth: 48%, Vase: 16%, Nitrogen: 10% and Transparency: 10%);in the dry season three variables influenced the distribution of species (Vase: 38%, Nitrogen: 14% and Oxygen: 11%). Ecological indices showed that the Malonda lagoon is already undergoing either anthropic or natural impacts, its state of ecological integrity is disturbed, the values of Shannon diversity and Equitability indices are not close to maximum values. The results of this study will serve as an ecological database for the proper management of these ecosystems.

关键词： Fish Ecology Distribution Season Malonda lagoon lower Guinea

Agromorphological Characterization of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiberaceae) Accessions Grown in Côte d’Ivoire

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1327-1342页

作者： Bessely armel Stéphane Kouadio l.onie-Clémence Kouonon Serge Hervé Kimou Yaya Touré Sientchinhon Yéo Mongomaké Koné Unité de Biologie et d’Amélioration des Productions Végétales UFR Sciences de la Nature Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Unité de Phytotechnie et Amélioration génétique UFR Sciences de la Nature Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Département des Sciences et Techniques Université Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire Département d’Agronomie et de Foresterie Université de Man Man C&#244te d’Ivoire

In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.

关键词： Sustainable Management Plant Genetic Resources Genetic Diversity Côte d’Ivoire