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Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage (sICH) at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CONGO)

Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 23-38页

作者： Ekouele Mbaki Hugues Brieux Ngoma Niangui léocia Exaucée Diatewa Josué Euberma Boukaka Kala Rel Gerald Ngackosso Olivier Brice mpandzou ghisl.in armel.boukassa l.on Ossou-Nguiet Paul Macaire Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Multipurpose Surgery Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Neurology Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) is characterised by bleeding within the brain parenchyma, without any accompanying vascular malformation, parenchymal abnormality or coagulation disorder. The study aimed to depict the management of sICH at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). It was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional analysis. Data collection was conducted retrospectively, covering the period from January 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, spanning two years and eight months. The study examined socio-demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary variables. We included 274 cases. We observed 160 men (58.4%) and 114 women (41.6%), resulting in a sex ratio of 1.4. The mean age was 55.3 ± 11.4 years, with ages ranging from 31 to 93 years. The detection of sICH was typically a result of experiencing motor deficits (59.5%) or disorders of consciousness (37.2%). The weightiness of one half of the body was the most common reason for seeking medical advice. Hematoma was capsulo-lenticular in 159 cases (58%) and capsulo-thalamic in 63 cases (23%). Hematomas were l in 162 cases (59.1%) and >30 ml in 112 cases (40.9%), and associated with hydrocephalus in 11.7% of cases. Conservative medical treatment was administered in 257 cases (94.2%) while surgical treatment was performed in 16 cases (5.8%). The surgical techniques used were external ventricular drainage (EVD) in 2 cases, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in 5 cases, and hematoma evacuation in 10 cases. Death occurred before the 7th day of hospitalisation in 73 cases (57.8%) and after in 46 cases (42.2%). The median time to death was four days (Q1 = 2 days;Q3 = 7 days), with extremes of 0 and 216 days. .

关键词： Spontaneous Intracerebral haemorrhage Management Brazzaville

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Genomic and phenotypic signatures provide insights into the wide adaptation of a global plant invader

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 275-290页

作者： Yan Hao Xin-Feng Wang Yaolin Guo Tian-Yang li Ji Yang Malika lAinouche armel Sal.on Rui-Ting Ju Ji-Hua Wu lin-Feng li Bo li National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary and Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Key laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China UMR CNRS 6553 Universite´of RennesCampus de Beaulieu35042 Rennes Cedex ParisFrance State Key laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion BiologyInstitute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650504China

Invasive alien species are primary drivers of biodiversity loss and species *** cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)is one of the most aggressive invasive plants in coastal ecosystems around the ***,the genomic bases and evolutionary mechanisms underlying its invasion success have remained largely ***,we assembled a chromosome-level reference genome and performed phenotypic and population genomic analyses between native US and introduced Chinese *** phenotypic comparisons showed that introduced Chinese populations have evolved competitive traits,such as earlyflowering time and greater plant biomass,during secondary introductions along China’s *** genomic and transcriptomic inferences revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories of low-and high-latitude Chinese *** particular,genetic mixture among different source populations,together with in-dependent natural selection acting on distinct target genes,may have resulted in high genome dynamics of the introduced Chinese *** study provides novel phenotypic and genomic evidence showing how smooth cordgrass rapidly adapts to variable environmental conditions in its introduced ***,candidate genes related toflowering time,fast growth,and stress tolerance(i.e.,salinity and submergence)provide valuable genetic resources for future improvement of cereal crops.

关键词： adaptation natural selection invasive species population genomics Spartina alterniflora Hao Y. Wang X.-F. Guo Y. li T.-Y. Yang J. Ainouche M.l. Sal.on A. Ju R.-T. Wu J.-H. li l.-F. and li B.(2024).Genomic and phenotypic signatures provide insights into the wide adaptation of a global plant invader.

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Comparative Study of Neurosurgical Complications of Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第3期14卷 190-202页

作者： l.on boukassa Didace Massamba Miabaou Hugues Brieux Ekouélé Mbaki Sinclair Brice Kinata Bambino Olivier Brice Ngackosso Rel Boukaka Kala Gédéon Colin Thouassa Ruth Ibara Wamé Department of Neurosurgery Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Department of General Surgery Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Sickle cell disease and thalassemia are the most frequent hemoglobinopathies. During their evolution, they present certain complications, among which are two neurosurgical emergencies, namely spontaneous cranial epidural hematoma and non traumatic radiculo-medullary compression, with some particularities for each. Method: In order to highlight these particularities, we compared the characteristics of these two complications, from a number of publications reported between 2000 and 2021. Results: Sickle cell disease was complicated by spontaneous cranial epidural hematoma. Forty-two cases were reported, the mean age was 14.7 years (2 - 21 years) and the sex ratio was 6.4. The clinical presentation combined, in a non-traumatic context, signs of intracranial hypertension with those of neurological focalization. Neuroimaging showed epidural-type collection, often frontal and parietal in location. The incriminating mechanisms were ischemia, hemorrhage and extra medullary hematopoiesis. The treatment was surgical. Non traumatic radiculo-medullary was the complication of thalassemia. Of the 77 cases reported, the mean age was 27.5 years (9 - 66 years) and the sex ratio was 4.1. The lesions were epidural with a clear thoracic predominance and resulted from extra marrow hematopoiesis. Treatment included: hypertransfusion, radiotherapy, hydroxyurea and surgery. Vital and functional prognosis were globally satisfactory when the management was rapid. Conclusion: Cranial and spinal epidural lesions, respective complications of sickle cell disease and thalassemia, result from similar mechanisms. Their prognosis depends on the rapidity of management. .

关键词： Hemoglobinopathy Sickle Cell Disease Thalassemia Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma Extra Marrow Hematopoiesis Slow Marrow Compression

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Agricultural Contamination of the Surface Waters of the Upper Ouémé in Benin: The Case of Heavy Metals and Pesticides

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 83-99页

作者： armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Nonvignon Martial Fassinou Fadéby Modeste Gouissi Zoulkanerou Orou Piami Dossou armel Géraldo Houndeton Souradjou Orou Goura Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou laboratory of Hygiene Sanitation Toxicology and Environmental Health (HECOTES) The Training Centre Interfacultaire and Environmental Research for Sustainable Development (CIFRED) of the University of Abomey (UAC) Cotonou Benin Plurildisciplinary Research laboratory for Technical Education (lARPET) of the University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Lokossa Benin laboratoire d’Ecologie de Santé et de Productions Animales (LESPA) Faculté d’Agronomie (FA) Université de Parakou (UP) Parakou Bénin

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. Method: To this end, data were collected in December 2022 from four specific sampling stations: Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro. levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead, were measured and subjected to in-depth statistical analysis using graphical summation models. In addition, the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients present in the samples were interpreted and evaluated. The statistical data collected during this study were processed using R software, version 3.5.0. Results: The values obtained at the different stations Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro are respectively Arsenic (2 × 10-4 mg/l;2.2 × 10-1 mg/l;1.2 × 10-4 mg/l;2 × 10-4 mg/l), Cadmium (4.4 × 10-5 mg/l;1.1 × 10-2 mg/l;10-4 mg/l;4 × 10-4 mg/l). Then Copper (7 × 10-4 mg/l;3 × 10-3 mg/l;7 × 10-4 mg/l;1 × 10-4 mg/l), Iron (1.51 mg/l;6.4 × 10-1 mg/l;2.0012 mg/l;2.9 × 10-1 mg/l), lead (0 mg/l;0 mg/l;1.5 × 10-3 mg/l;1.5 × 10-3 mg/l). Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead) were all below the guideline standards set by the WHO in 2006 for uncontaminated surface waters. This indicates that the surface waters of the Upper Ouémé were below acceptable contamination thresholds in terms of heavy metals. However, the presence of pesticide active ingredients such as cyfluthrin, endosulfan-alpha, endosulfan-beta, profenosfos, tihan, atrazine, g

关键词： Agricultural Contamination Heavy Metals Pesticides Surface Water North Benin

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Plant-derived secondary metabolites as the main source of efflux pump inhibitors and methods for identification

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第4期10卷 277-290页

作者： armel Jackson Seukep Victor Kuete lutfun Nahar Satyajit DSarker Mingquan Guo Key laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Unit of Research in Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances/laboratory of Cancer Research Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon laboratory of Growth Regulators Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR&PalackýUniversitySlechtitelu 2778371OlomoucCzech Republic Centre for Natural Products Discovery School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUnited Kingdom

The upsurge of multiple drug resistance(MDR)bacteria substantially diminishes the effectiveness of antibiotic arsenal and therefore intensifies the rate of therapeutic *** major factor in MDR is efflux pump-mediated resistance.A unique pump can make bacteria withstand a wide range of structurally diverse ***,their inhibition is a promising route to eliminate resistance phenomenon in *** are excellent alternatives as resistance-modifying *** can directly kill bacteria or interact with the crucial events of pathogenicity,thereby decreasing the ability of bacteria to develop *** botanicals display noteworthy efflux pumps inhibitory *** plants are of growing ***,some plant families would be excellent sources of efflux pump inhibitors(EPIs)including Apocynaceae,Berberidaceae,Convolvulaceae,Cucurbitaceae,Fabaceae,lamiaceae,and *** applicable methods for screening plant-derived EPIs include checkerboard synergy test,berberine uptake assay and ethidium bromide *** silico highthroughput virtual detection can be evaluated as a criterion of excluding compounds with efflux substrate-like characteristics,thereby improving the selection process and extending the identification of *** ascertain the efflux activity inhibition,real-time PCR and quantitative mass spectrometry can be *** review emphasizes on efflux pumps and their roles in transmitting bacterial resistance and an update plant-derived EPIs and strategies for identification.

关键词： Multidrug-resistant bacteria Efflux pump inhibitors Plant secondary metabolites Edible plants Efflux activity assays

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Genome-wide association mapping in a sweet cherry germplasm collection(Prunus avium l.)reveals candidate genes for fruit quality traits

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 227-249页

作者： armel S.l.Donkpegan Anthony Bernard Teresa Barreneche José Quero-García Hélène Bonnet Mathieu Fouché loïck le Dantec Bénédicte Wenden Elisabeth Dirlewanger UMR BFP INRAEUniversity of Bordeaux71 Avenue Edouard BourlauxF-33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance UMR BOA SYSAAFCentre INRAE Val de Loire37380 NouzillyFrance

In sweet cherry(Prunus avium l.),large variability exists for various traits related to fruit *** is a need to discover the genetic architecture of these traits in order to enhance the efficiency of breeding strategies for consumer and producer *** this objective,a germplasm collection consisting of 116 sweet cherry accessions was evaluated for 23 agronomic fruit quality traits over 2-6 years,and characterized using a genotyping-by-sequencing *** SNP coverage collected was used to conduct a genome-wide association study using two multilocus models and three reference *** identified numerous SNP-trait associations for global fruit size(weight,width,and thickness),fruit cracking,fruit firmness,and stone size,and we pinpointed several candidate genes involved in phytohormone,calcium,and cell wall ***,we conducted a precise literature review focusing on the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in sweet cherry to compare our results with potential colocalizations of marker-trait *** study brings new knowledge of the genetic control of important agronomic traits related to fruit quality,and to the development of marker-assisted selection strategies targeted towards the facilitation of breeding efforts.

关键词： breeding germplasm traits

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Cost of Stroke Care at Public Hospitals in Brazzaville and Implication of Third Parties in Stroke Care Expenditure

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2022年第2期12卷 82-92页

作者： Josué Euberma Diatewa ghisl.in armel mpandzou Patrice Bruno Mokoko Dinah Happhia Boubayi Motoula-latou Eliot Prince Galiéni Sounga-Banzouzi Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet Neurology Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Neurology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo

Background: Among the main challenges of healthcare system throughout the world, there is stroke management. It is important to have data on the in-hospital costs of stroke care to help decision-makers to implement a health insurance system. Objectives: To evaluate the in-hospital costs of stroke care in Brazzaville;to determine the factors influencing the total mean in-hospital cost of stroke care;to identify third parties contributing to stroke care expenditure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective and analytical study. It was carried out at 4 public hospitals in Brazzaville (University Hospital Center, Chinese and Congolese Friendship Hospital, Talangaï Hospital and Makélékélé Hospital), from May to August 2019 (4 months). It focused on patients who had a first episode of stroke confirmed by brain imaging and were at least 18 years old. The bottom-up approach was used to determine the in-hospital costs of stroke care. Results: This study included 109 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 59.2 ± 13.7 years old, with limits of 35 and 90 years old. The total direct in-hospital cost of stroke care was 47,308,330 francs CFA (72,122 euro). The total mean in-hospital cost of stroke care was 1,389,590 francs CFA (2118 euro). The mean cost of intracerebral hemorrhage care was 510,988 francs CFA (779 euro) versus 373,457 francs CFA (569 euro) for cerebral arterial infarction care. The following factors affected the total mean cost of stroke care: type of hospital (p length of hospital stay (p = 0.001), type of stroke (p = 0.01), stroke severity (p = 0.001) and complications (p = 0.001). The level of contribution to stroke care expenditure covered by third parties was: 78% for patient families;2.8% for community self-help associations. Conclusion: In Congo, the mean in-hospital cost of stroke care is elevated considering the guaranteed minimum wage of 70,000 francs CFA (107 euro). Five factors affect the total mean cost of

关键词： Stroke Hospital Cost Associated Factors Brazzaville

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Bone Dysmorphia-Induced Blindness Following a Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2021年第4期11卷 489-494页

作者： Gael Honal Mahoungou Daniel Tony Eyeni Sinomono ghisl.in armel mpandzou Regis Franck Moyikoua Josue Euberma Diatewa Dinah Happhia Motoula Benedicte Diatewa Helena Botokoto Bothard Richard loumingou Faculty of Health Sciences of Brazzaville Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Nephrology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Introduction: Conjunctival-corneal or choroidal calcifications are frequent in SHPT, blindness is however exceptional. We report a case of blindness secondary to compressive ischemic optic neuropathy. Case Report: Mr. B.E.K., 49 years old, has a chronic renal failure secondary to unlabeled glomerular nephropathy for 17 years. He has been on chronic hemodialysis for 12 years and has had SHPT for nine years. He secondarily developed disabling segmental osteoarticular deformities associated with kyphoscoliosis, “drumstick” fingers and facial dysmorphism. Five months before admission he developed eye pain and reduced visual acuity progressing within one month to blindness. Biology noted: serum creatinine at 726 umol/l (60 - 120 umol/l), azotemia at 14.3 mmol/l (2.5 - 7.5 mmol/l), serum calcium at 2.25 (2.25 - 2.55 mmol/l), phosphatemia at 1.13 (0.8 - 1.35 mmol/l), alkaline phosphatases at 2196 (5 - 270 IU/l) and parathyroid hormone level at 2257 (10 - 60 pg/ml). Retinal angiography revealed lesions suggestive of ischemic neuropathy. The orbit CT scan with 3D coronal reconstruction revealed narrowing of the caliber of the optical channels with dystrophic thickening of the skull base and cranial vault. Cranioencephalic and orbital MRI revealed diffuse brown tumors and pre-chiasmatic optic atrophy. Discussion: The most frequent ocular complications of SHPT are conjunctival-corneal or sclero-choroidal calcifications, asymptomatic, associated with hypercalcemia. Compressive manifestations are rarer, represented mainly by an amputation of the visual field, diplopia, ptosis or blindness, as described in our patient. The main cause is osteodystrophy and brown tumors of the skull base (1% - 2%). Conclusion: This case report underlines the importance of early detection of SHPT, in order to avoid its major complications, such as blindness, especially since current preventive and curative measures have proven their

关键词： Blindness Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Bone Dysmorphism

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Intracranial Suppurations in Africa: Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第2期10卷 244-253页

作者： l.on boukassa Olivier Brice Ngackosso Sinclair Brice Kinata Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki Department of Surgery Division of Neurosurgery Brazzaville Academic Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Background: Intracranial suppurations (ICS) due to common causative microorganisms are still an important health problem in Africa. Their management, which has certainly been improved by technological developments, varies according to neurosurgical teams. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, the causative microorganisms, the outcome, and provide relevant data on the current modalities of the care of ICS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies on intracranial suppurations published in Africa between January 2002 and December 2018. We included studies which had at least 6 patients with ICS. Pubmed, Google and Google scholar were searched for relevant studies. A total of 17 studies were found, from which we define the epidemiological aspects, therapeutic, and evolutionary diagnostics. Results: A total of 1166 patients were identified, and they were categorized as follows: 531 cases of abscess, 272 of empyema and 363 of intracranial suppurations with incomplete data (ICSDI). The average age in ICSDI was 10.9 years. In abscesses and empyema, 75% of patients were under 40 years. There was a male predominance of 2.4 to 1. These intra-cranial suppurations in general complicated mainly loco-regional infections. The classic triad was dominated by headache (66.5%), fever (59.4%) and neurological deficits (46.1%). The CT rarely associated with the MRI, had shown a predominance of supra-tentorial sites (92.5%) of which 37.5% was in frontal region. Of the 380 microorganisms isolated, Gram positive represented 68.9%, Gram negative 17.7% and anaerobic 13.4%. The treatment was medico-surgical (79.5%). It associated a triple antibiotherapy and a trepano-puncture. It had achieved healing in 88.2% of which 20.4% had sequelae. Case fatality rate was 11.8%. Conclusion: ICS constitute during this century, a health problem whose solution passes by the adequate treatment of loco-regional infections, their main sources.

关键词： Intracranial Suppuration Abscess Empyema

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Post-Stroke Sexual Disorders and Its Real-life Experience within Couples in Brazzaville

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2021年第1期11卷 22-33页

作者： Josué Euberma Diatewa Prince Eliot Galiéni Sounga Banzouzi ghisl.in armel mpandzou Dinah Happhia Boubayi Motoula latou Gabrielle-Gracia Ontsira Karen l. Obondzo Aloba Anani Wanscels Sévérin Odzebe Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet Department of Neurology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Department of Neurology General Hospital of Loandjili Pointe Noire Congo Department of Urology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Post-stroke sequelae can have repercussions on the sexual life and relational life of patients and their partners. Objectives: To determine the frequencies of sexual disorders after a first stroke event;to identify the factors associated with sexual disorders;to explore the real-life experience of sexual disorders within couples. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on patients followed up for a first stroke and their partners. It was carried out at public and private hospitals in Brazzaville, Congo, during the period of patient follow-up, from May to September 2019 (5 months). The Female Sexual Function Index, International Index of Erectile Function 5 and interviews were used to describe sexual aspects. The real-life experience of couples was explored using standardized and pre-established questionnaires. Results: Of the 36 patients who had taken up again sexual intercourse after stroke, 29 (80.6%) were men. Among the post-stroke sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction (53.2%) and ejaculatory dysfunction (40.4%) were the most frequent in men. Decrease of sexual desire was predominant in women (100%). Factors associated with erectile dysfunction were sleep disorder (p = 0.007) and mean sleep duration per night (p = 0.01). lack of verbal and non-verbal communication of sexual problems and psychological effects was noted in 77.8% of patients and 60% of their partners. The most frequent psychological effects were: in patients, frustration (52.8%), attitude of person decreased (50%) and sadness (41.7%);in partners, attitude of carer (86.7%). Conclusion: Post-stroke sexual disorders are frequent in our context. Sleep disorders and mean sleep duration per night, psychological

关键词： Post-Stroke Sexual Disorders Brazzaville

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