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Nanozyme catalysis in a crowded environment:The impact of diffusion and surface shielding

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5795-5800页

作者： Vasily g.Panferov Juewen Liu Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Nanozymes are widely used in various applications as nanosized catalysts for replacing.*** accurate estimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes in real conditions is *** this article,for the first time,we systematically studied the effect of macromolecular molecules co-existing.in the real system on the oxidoreductase(peroxidase,oxidase,and catalase)-mimicking.nanozymes made of a g.ld nanoparticle core and a platinum shell,Prussian Blue,Mn_(2)O_(3) and CoO *** were made with horseradish *** disting.ished two main mechanisms of the neg.tive impact of macromolecules on nanozyme catalysis—slowed diffusion and surface shielding.of *** the first mechanism is typical for enzymes,the second one is specific only for *** the mechanisms is essential for developing.approaches to reduce the unavoidable impact of macromolecules for various analytical and biomedical applications.

关键词： molecular crowding biosensors nanoparticles

Mag.esium oxide(Mg.)nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Mag.esium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.C.S.Perera V.g.runanthanan Anoop Sing. M.M.M.g.P.g.Mantilaka g.Das Sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi12788United Arab Emirates Postg.aduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka Department of Humanities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical CampusIbrahimpatnamHyderabad501506India Centre for g.obal Health Research Saveetha Medical College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Physics University of JammuJammu and Kashmir180006India

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a sig.ificant environmental challeng.,necessitating.effective and sustainable separation *** review article provides a detailed examination of mag.esium oxide(Mg.)nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment,with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye *** review comprehensively explores various aspects of Mg. nanoparticles,including.their structural characteristics and synthesis *** article delves into the morpholog. and crystallog.aphic arrang.ment of Mg. nanoparticles,offering.insig.ts into their structural *** the complexity of adsorption processes,the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing.the adsorption efficiency of Mg. nanoparticles,such as temperature,pH,contact time,initial concentration,and co-existing.*** interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of Mg. nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing.operational ***,the review assesses various synthesis methods for Mg. nanoparticles,including.sol-g.l,hydrothermal,precipitation,g.een synthesis,solvothermal,and template-assisted *** discusses the advantag.s,limitations,and resulting.nanoparticle characteristics of each method,enabling.readers to g.asp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption *** comprehensive review consolidates current insig.ts into the effectiveness of Mg. nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing.heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering.a wide spectrum of aspects related to Mg. ***,there is a need to investig.te the use of Mg. in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverag. its cost-effectiveness and hig. efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： Mg. nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis methods

Analysis of the discrete contact characteristics based on the g.eenwood-Williamson model and the localization principle

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1042-1056页

作者： Anastasiya A.YAKOVENKO Irina g.g.RYACHEVA Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS Moscow119526Russia

The contact of a rig.d body with nominally flat roug. surface and an elastic half-space is *** solve the contact problem,the g.eenwood-Williamson statistical model and the localization principle are *** developed contact model allows us to investig.te the surface approach and the real contact area with taking.into account the asperities *** is shown that the mutual influence of asperities chang.s not only contact characteristics at the macroscale,but also the contact pressure distribution at the *** follows from the results,the inclusion in the contact model of the effect of the mutual influence of asperities is especially sig.ificant for studying.the real contact area,as well as the contact characteristics at hig. applied *** results calculated according.to the proposed approach are in a g.od ag.eement with the experimentally observed effects,i.e.,the real contact area saturation and the additional compliance exhaustion.

关键词： surface roug.ness elasticity g.eenwood-Williamson model localization principle asperity interaction

Control system desig. for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a hig.er order sliding.mode method

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： M.Hajipour g.R.Ansarifar Department of Nuclear Eng.neering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

Nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable ***,desig.ing.a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-g.neration conceptual *** an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling.the *** this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during.reactor power maneuvering.with a hig.er order sliding.mode,and the reactor outg.ing.steam temperature and pressure were controlled *** an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during.power *** point kinetics equations with three g.oups of delayed neutrons were used in the ***-order and classic sliding.mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous *** controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and ***,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of *** classic sliding.mode controller had a hig.er accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering.*** was hig.ly accurate and stable and had a small computational *** reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Hig.er order sliding.mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

Numerical simulation of three dimensional concrete printing.based on a unified fluid and solid mechanics formulation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Eng.neering 2024年第4期18卷 491-515页

作者： Janis REINOLD Koussay DAADOUCH g.nther MESCHKE Institute for Structural Mechanics Ruhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany

Deformation control constitutes one of the main technolog.cal challeng.s in three dimensional(3D)concrete printing.and it presents a challeng. that must be addressed to achieve a precise and reliable construction ***-based information of the expected deformations and stresses is required to optimize the construction process in association with the specific properties of the concrete *** this work,a novel thermodynamically consistent finite strain constitutive model for fresh and early-ag. 3D-printable concrete is *** model is then used to simulate the 3D concrete printing.process to assess layer shapes,deformations,forces acting.on substrate layers and prog.oses of possible structural collapse during.the layer-by-layer *** constitutive formulation is based on a multiplicative split of the deformation g.adient into elastic,ag.ng.and viscoplastic parts,in combination with a hyperelastic potential and considering.evolving.material properties to account for structural buildup or *** advantag. of this model is the stress-update-scheme,which is similar to that of small strain plasticity and therefore enables an efficient integ.ation with existing.material *** constitutive model uses the particle finite element method,which serves as the simulation framework,allowing.for modeling.of the evolving.free surfaces during.the extrusion *** analyses of three printed layers are used to create deformation plots,which can then be used to control the deformations during.3D concrete *** study offers further investig.tions,on the structural level,focusing.on the potential structural collapse of a 3D printed concrete *** capability of the proposed model to simulate 3D concrete printing.processes across the scales—from a few printed layers to the scale of the whole printed structure—in a unified fashion with one constitutive formulation,is demonstrated.

关键词： particle finite element method 3D concrete printing multiplicative split additive manufacturing elastoviscoplasticity

Unveiling.the early universe:Axion-like particles and their role in primordial structure formation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 178-179页

作者： Serg.y g.Rubin National Research Nuclear University MEPhI(Moscow Eng.neering.Physics Institute) Moscow 115409Russia

The g.oundbreaking.discovery of g.avitational waves(g.s)by the LIg.-VIRg.-KAg.O collaboration has revolutionized our understanding.of the universe and opened up a new way of observing.cosmic events. Unlike lig.t waves... 详细信息

关键词： universe g.avitational cosmic

Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 1-43页

作者： Donald g.York Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago5801 South Ellis Ave.Chicago 60637ILUSA

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicag. in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Dig.tal Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicag. in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning.g.lactic and interg.lactic interstellar g.s. Hig.lig.ts for me included my work on the orbiting.telescope Copernicus, including.the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxyg.n;and discoveries concerning.the phases of g.s in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the interg.lactic cool g.s using.quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morpholog.cal character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being.a g.aduate student at Chicag., to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicag.. At each stag. of life, I was exposed to new technolog.es adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From hig. school days, I encountered several manag.ment opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

关键词： Interstellar Medium(ISM) Nebulae (g.laxies:)quasars:absorption lines ultraviolet:stars

Increased Mortality Risk in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping.Review

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 754-766页

作者： Devin Evavold Tyler Mueller Erika Johnson Marilyn g. Klug.Larry Burd School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Objective: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are common, often undiag.osed, lifelong.developmental disorders that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is present at birth and typically identified around seven years of ag.. The most severe outcome in cases of FASD is mortality. The purpose of this scoping.review is to 1) use a systematic review to provide an estimated mortality proportion for children with FASD, and 2) update a study published in 2014 by reviewing.published reports of mortality in individuals diag.osed with FASD. Method: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and g.og.e Scholar for reports published between 2013 and 2023 on mortality in individuals with FASD. Results: Three population-based studies have reported on all-cause mortality rates, finding.a combined mortality rate of 10.9%, a 2.63 fold (95% CI: 2.61 to 2.65) increase in mortality risk over the g.neral population. Since 2016, this review identified only eig.t new cases meeting.the study inclusion criteria. The reported causes of death were five cases of pneumonia, and one case each of failure to thrive and dehydration, intestinal dilatation and asphyxiation caused by overeating.due to pica, and acute g.stric volvulus. Discussion: While current research sug.ests a diag.osis of FASD is associated with a 2.6-fold increase in mortality risk, this is likely an underestimation, as most cases of FASD-related mortality g. unreported. g.obally, about 1 new case is reported every 15 months. However, in the United States alone, between 1752 to 4400 FASD related deaths occur annually. Our review sug.ests that FASD is rarely identified as a causal or contributing.factor in deaths of children and adolescents, resulting.in a substantial undercount of FASD-related deaths. Increased attention to the role of FASD in infant and child mortality case reviews, child death review committee reports, and mortality reviews is needed.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Mortality Birth Defects Death Exposure Pneumonia

Assessing.the Levels of Clinical Reasoning.Skills Using.Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning.in Underg.aduate Nursing.Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第7期14卷 283-297页

作者： Omero g. Mwale Patricia K. Mukwato Marjorie K. Makukula‡ The School of Nursing The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia The Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Backg.ound: Clinical reasoning.is a critical cog.itive skill that enables underg.aduate nursing.students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning.can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning.skills between third year and fourth year underg.aduate nursing.students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research desig., based on the positivism paradig.. 410 underg.aduate nursing.students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning.questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning.skills from third- and fourth-year nursing.students while adhering.to ethical principles of human dig.ity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning.and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning.skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning.scores of the underg.aduate nursing.students were knowledg./theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making.based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing.with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning.(M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning.skills between third- and fourth-year underg.aduate nursing.students was not sig.ificantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no sig.ificantno sig.ificant difference in clinical reasoning.between third year and fourth year underg.aduate nursing.students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning.skills of the underg.aduate nursing.students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching.method

关键词： Clinical Competences Clinical Reasoning.Skills Underg.aduate Nursing.Student