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The changing landscape of mangroves in Bangladesh compared to four other countries in tropical regions

Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 605-611页

作者： S.M.Mijan Uddin A.T.M.Rafiqul hoque Saiful Arif Abdullah Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) National University of Malaysia (UKM)

Loss of mangroves and consequent habitat fragmentation is a major concern throughout the world’s tropical countries. Conversion of mangrove habitat due to aqua.ulture, agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, ecotourism, overlapping bureaucracy and conflicting policies is occurring at a striking rate. This paper reviews the trends of mangrove area changes in Bangladesh and compares them with four other countries in tropical regions that have significant mangrove areas. The rate of mangrove loss from the 1980 to 2005 was calculated using the compound interest rate formula for its explicit biological implication. In Bangladesh, the area of mangroves was found to have increased due to its higher accretion rate. In India the rate of mangrove loss had fallen. The rate of mangrove loss in Malaysia in the 1990s （-0.008 ha＆#183;a-1） was higher than the 1980s （-0.004 ha＆#183;a-1）. In Indonesia, the rate decreased, from the 1980s （-0.018 ha＆#183;a-1） to the 1990s （-0.010 ha＆#183;a-1）. Finally in Myanmar the rate of mangrove loss gradually accelerated. Aqua.ulture was found to be the common cause of mangrove conversion in the regions. Loss of mangroves is now a prominent global issue, associated with the loss of biodiversity, deterioration of habitat integrity, climatic changes, the amount of carbon sequestration, and resulting sea-level rise. Therefore, a systematic evaluation of these environmental impacts is prerequisite to realize sustainable mangrove management.

关键词： Mangrove loss accretion aqua.ulture mangrove landscape land-use change.

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Multiresponsive Spin Crossover Driven by Rotation of Tetraphenylborate Anion in an Iron(Ⅲ)Complex

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第1期3卷 453-459页

作者： Si-GuoWu Md.Najbul hoque Jie-Yu Zheng Guo-Zhang Huang Nguyen Vu ha Anh Liviu Ungur Wei-Xiong Zhang Zhao-Ping Ni Ming-Liang Tong Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543

Dynamic molecular materials,which involvemechanical motions in crystals,usually exhibit tunable properties related to conformational ***,we describe a solvent-free molecular crystal[{FeⅢ(salten)}2(TPB)](BPh_(4))_(2)(Ⅰ)developed by associating the rotatable tetraphenylborate anion with the spin crossover(SCO)binuclear iron(Ⅲ)*** solvent-free phaseⅠcan undergo a temperature-induced phase transformation to phaseⅡ,during which rotation of the BPh4−anion interplays with the SCO component,giving rise to fascinating variations in SCO(from gradual to abrupt)and dielectric *** importantly,an unexpected polymorphic transformation fromⅡtoⅢorⅣ,with increasing magnetic hysteresis,is realized by exposingⅡto water or ethanol vapor;the transition is reversible by *** rare successive transformation is further rationalized by theoretical ***,this multiresponse system provides a new way for modulating synergistic effects and designing dynamic SCO materials by integrating intramolecular motions in the crtystal lattice.

关键词： intramolecular motion iron(Ⅲ) spin crossover polymorph single-crystal-to-singlecrystal transformation

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Status of Renal and Liver Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patients of Chattogram, Bangladesh Treated with Methotrexate (MTX)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第9期11卷 114-126页

作者： Mohammad Razua.ul hoque Md. Abdur Razzaque Abrar Nafis Mohammad Shahriar Zawad Sharaf Wasima Rahman Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh Department of Rheumatology Chittagong Medical College Hospital Chattogram Bangladesh

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that is usually manifested as inflammation in multiple joints and several extra-articular symptoms, involving the liver, kidney, eye, skin, blood, blood vessels, heart, lungs, nervous system, and other organs. Methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug that treats RA. As renal and liver abnormalities are more common during disease conditions as well as during the treatment period, we tried to find out if there is any impact of MTX in these organs during the treatment of RA patients. Once the disease complications are developed, it is quite difficult to reverse the disease, and treatment in this situation is not very effective. Consequently, patients suffer a lot. So, early evaluation of renal and liver function is essential for the treatment of RA patients and it might also help prevent different complications which are usually very frequently observed. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 150 RA patients treated with MTX were evaluated for the study where female and male respondents were 115 and 35 respectively. In this study, we found that 82% of RA patients had creatinine levels ≤ 1.1 mg/dL although the normal range of serum creatinine is below 1.4 mg/dL. Usually, a 15% increase in Serum creatinine level from the baseline is considered renal impairment. We found 4% of such cases. Moreover, 2% of RA patients had creatinine levels above the normal range of 1.4 mg/dL and those patients were hypertensive as well. So, a total (4 + 2 = 6)% had renal impairments. Among them, 5% had diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, the ultrasonogram (USG) of RA patients with kidney disease showed signs of renal parenchymal disease and 3% of RA patients having renal problems whose serum creatinine level was within the normal range showed signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the other hand, 2% of RA patients showed signs of hepatic parenchymal disease. In this study, 69% of RA patients had ALT levels ≤ 50 mg/dL, 23% ha

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Renal Function Liver Function C-Reactive Protein Methotrexate

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