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Wasteland and Empty.Plots Trivialization in the Maradi City.(Niger): Between Environmental Degradation and Consequent Nuisance, Quality.of life and Sustainability.of Biodiversity

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第1期10卷 13-34页

作者： Karimou Dia Hantchi Oumarou Zango Amadou Oumarou Boubé Morou moussa Konaté Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Techniques University of Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Science Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

The trivialization of empty.spaces has long been practiced in the city.of Maradi (Niger), particularly.in the Zaria 2 (Commune II) and Ali Dan Sofo (Commune III) districts. With stalls in the streets and illegal dumping grounds, empty.plots and the surrounding areas are fairly.privileged sources of various wastes. This study.aims at analy.ing the impact of these empty.plots on the local population, through several aspects, especially.in terms of the modes of occupation, internal and surrounding practices, phy.ical environment and biodiversity. sanitation and elimination of waste. To do so, two methodological approaches were used: a survey.on local population and in situ observation of these spaces. The results not only.reveal a difficult proximity.situation to the unbuilt but also showed that empty.plots constitute not only.a form of vegetation conservation for the future as well as clean surfaces which would be called upon to characterize the potential recharge of groundwater. The most potentially.useful organic waste would be that of Kadro, especially.feathers from poultry.that could be used as compost in the fields. In addition to the degradation of urban environments (63% of respondents), the unbuilt area also contributes to poverty.reduction and increases food security.(69% of respondents). To reduce the negative impacts, the rewarding strategies would be awareness-raising and monitoring measures coupled with a policy.of protection and environmental remedies.

关键词： Urban Environment Empty.Plots Biodiversity Waste Impacts Maradi Niger

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Inventory.of Host Plants and Parasitoids of the Fall Army.orm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Niger

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry.and Environment 2023年第1期12卷 16-27页

作者： Ousmane Zakari moussa Souley.ane Laminou Hamissou Zangui Laouali Amadou Ibrahim Baoua Boukari Faculty.of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty.of Agronomy.and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Laboratoire d’Entomologie II de Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger Maradi Niger

The fall army.orm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a poly.hagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly.in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study.was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify.the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study.was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically.in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology.laboratory.of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by.FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate vary.ng from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%;the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very.interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control and a component of an agroecological management strategy.of caterpillar.

关键词： Inventory Host Plants Spodoptera frugiperda Parasitoids Niger

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Particle Size Effects on Antioxy.ant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Essential Oil from Eucaly.tus camaldulensis Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity.in Rats

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Pharmacology.& Pharmacy 2022年第8期13卷 253-272页

作者： Venant Donald Noumi Markusse Deli Richard Marcel Nguimbou Elie Baudelaire Sandrine Rup-Jacques dicko Amadou Selestin Sokeng Nicolas y.nou Njintang Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon AGRITECH Nancy France Université de Lorraine ICPM Metz Cedex France Université de Lorraine UR-AFPA Metz Cedex France

Particle size fractionation by.sieving is used to optimize antioxy.ant potential of natural substances. The aim of the present study.was to evaluate particle size effects on antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Eucaly.tus camaldulensis essential oils (EO) on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Animals were daily.orally.treated with the EOs extracted by.hy.rodistillation from powder sieved at four particle sizes (≥355, 200 - 355, 100 - 200, ≤100 μm) and those of the unsieved powder at dose of 50 mg/Kg for 7 day.. Compounds that are evaluated for these activities are hy.rocarbons and oxy.enated terpenes that were identified and quantified by.GC/MS. Activities of enzy.es markers of hepatocellular damage in serum and antioxidant enzy.es in the liver homogenates were measured. In this research, EOs significantly.prevented the increase in serum ALT and AST (p y.eride and LDL-cholesterol level in acute liver damage induced by.CCl4 and significant increase level of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Also, significantly.(p y.e (MDA) formation and elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) liver in comparison to negative control group. The best antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities were those of EOs from two fine powder fractions (≤100 μm and 100 - 200 μm) was correlated to their high concentration in oxy.enated terpenes (70.9% and 46.4%, respectively., when compared to the large particles (200 - 355 μm and ≥355 μm, with 33.3% and 41.8%, respectively. and unsieved powder (37.4%).

关键词： Eucaly.tus camaldulensis Powder Particle Size Essential Oils Hepatoprotection Oxidative Stress

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Perception and Level of Knowledge of the Fall Army.orm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) by.Maize Farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Niger

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1321-1333页

作者： Souley.ane Laminou Zakari moussa Ousmane Laouali Amadou Mahaman Moctar Rabe Ibrahim Baoua Boukari Faculty.of Agronomy.and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Faculty.of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Laboratoire d’Entomologie II de Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger Maradi Niger Department of Agroeconomics and Rural Sociology University of Tahoua Tahoua Niger

Maize is one of the cereals most consumed by.households in Niger. Its production remains marginal despite the efforts made in hy.ro-agricultural development both around the Niger River and in the interior of the country. The detection of the fall army.orm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) in 2016 in Niger, followed by.its rapid spread where in less than a y.ar it has spread over almost the entire national territory.is not without consequence on the y.elds of the but already.very.low in the main production areas. As a result, maize production is increasingly.being abandoned in the southern agricultural zone of Niger. In fact, this caterpillar has become a major pest of maize because of the significant damage observed on this crop during its growth and development cy.le. This situation calls for research to be conducted to help maize producers better manage this pest. The objective of this study.is to assess the level of knowledge and management of FAW by.maize farmers in the southern agricultural zone of Niger. A survey.was conducted in July.and August 2020 on a sample of 408 farmers in this zone using an individual questionnaire designed and integrated into the ODK data collection software. The results obtained showed that 93% of the producers recognize FAW through its morphology.and the aspects of its damage;53.25% estimate that the attack rate is very.high and 60.75% of the producers use pesticides in the management of this pest against only.1.5% who use biopesticides. These results clearly.indicate the severity.of FAW attacks on corn and the massive use of pesticides by.producers.

关键词： Fall Army.orm Perception Producer Incidence Niger

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Epidemiological and Serological Profile of Hepatitis B Virus in an Urban Area in Mali

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第8期9卷 158-163页

作者： Anselme Konaté H. Sow Wife Coulibaly.K. Doumbia Wife Samaké moussa y.unoussou dicko R. Dembélé Wife Dakouo A. Souckho Wife Kay. Makan Ciré Tounkara Hamadoun Guindo Abdoulay. Maiga Mamadou Dembélé Hamar Alassane Traoré moussa Tiémoko Diarra moussa y.ussoufa Maiga Hepato-Gastroenterology.Department CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine of the Point G Hospital Bamako Mali

The objective of our study.was to evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an urban population. This longitudinal study.was conducted in Bamako District and Kati Commune. After a preparatory.phase, the persons who accepted the protocol were assessed for HBsAg. HBsAg carriers had blood collection for HBeAg assay. viral load assessment, genoty.ing, DNA mutation testing, and severity.of hepatic fibrosis and necrosis. At the end of this study. 1475 persons were included, of which 195 had HBsAg positive confirmed, that is to say.13.97%. The mean age of HBsAg positive patients was 35.11 ± 11.12 y.ars with a sex ratio of 2.68. HBeAg was found in 8.9% of the patients tested for this antigen. The viral load was undetectable in 10.52% of patients and greater than 2000 IU/mL in 32.24% of cases. Fibrosis ≥ F2 and necrosis ≥ A2 were found in respectively.19.72% and 6.80% of cases. Genoty.e E was found in 91.6 patients and an R249S mutation observed in 39.04% of cases. Conclusion: HBV infection has a serious impact on socio-economic development in Mali because it affects mainly.the y.ung male population, hence the need to organize preventive measures effectively.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology Serology Bamako Kati

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Nutritional and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Three Kola Nuts(Cola nitida,Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola)Produced in Benin

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1395-1407页

作者： Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon Adolphe Adjanohoun Haziz Sina Pacome A.Noumavo Nafan Diarrasouba Charles Parkouda y.nn E.Madodé Mamoudou H.dicko Lamine Baba-moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Ty.age Moléculaire en Microbiologie FASTUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du BéninAttogonBénin UFR des Sciences Biologiques UniversitéPéléforo Gon CoulibalyKorhogoCote d’Ivoire Département de Technologie Alimentaire IRSAT/CNRSTDTAOuagadougouBurkina Faso Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires FSAUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin Laboratoire de Biochimie Alimentaire EnzymologieBiotechnologie Industrielle et BioinformatiqueUniversitéde OuagadougouOuagadougouBurkina Faso

Kola nuts were regularly.chewed by.West Africans and Beninese in particularly. The aim of this study.was to investigate nutritional and anti-nutrient content of three Benin’s kola nuts (Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola). Proximate composition of the three species of kola nuts was assessed using standard analy.ical AOAC methods. Phenolics and flavonoids contents were determined by.Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride methods, respectively. Mineral composition was determined by.Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.method. Free and total amino acids were separated and quantified by.HPLC. Protein content of the three kola nuts ranges from 4.95% (G. kola) to 10.64% (C. acuminata) whereas fat content ranges from 0.2 ± 0.00 (C. nitida) to 2.5 ± 0.42 (G. kola). Total phenolics abounded (2444.96 ± 81.56 μg Eq AG/100g) in C. acuminata, while flavonoids predominated (561.69 ± 22.10 μgEqQ/100g) in G. kola. The three species are a good source of magnesium and a copper provider was lowest in C. nitida (0.59 ± 0.08 mg/g) and in C. acuminata (0.65 ± 0.02 mg/g). The dominant total essential amino acids were threonine (C. acuminata) and methionine (C. acuminata and G. kola), while the predominant non-essential total amino acids according to species were arginine (C. nitida and G. kola), proline (C. acuminata) and cy.teine (G. kola). For the anti-nutrients factors, saponins were in great proportion (8.33% ± 0.25%), while the oxalates were in small proportion (0.44% ± 0.04%). The three species have an interesting nutritional composition, but these seeds have the relatively.lowest amino acids content.

关键词： Kola Nuts Poly.henolic Compound Micronutrient Benin

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Surgical Management of a Case of Splenic Necrosis at Point G Chu in Bamako

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Surgical Science 2021年第4期12卷 103-106页

作者： moussa Sissoko Mahamadou Coulibaly.Sékou Koumaré Oumar Sacko Sidiki Keïta Soumaila Keita Siaka Diallo Lamine Soumaré Adama F. Traoré Adama Koïta moussa Camara Aboubacar Camara Hammadoun dicko Djibril Sangaré Zimogo Z. Sanogo General Surgery.“A” Department Hospital Point-G. Bamako Mali

Splenic infarction is a rare condition (1/500,000 and 1/100,000) but potentially.fatal. The prognosis depends on the diagnostic delay.and above all on the speed of treatment. It usually.occurs in a particular area such as my.loproliferative sy.drome, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia etc. The objective of this work was to report a clinical case of necrosis of the spleen.

关键词： Splenic Necrosis “A” Surgery CHU Point G

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Dy.amics and Vulnerability.of Hy.rogeomorphological Units to the Degradation of Climatic Conditions in the Watershed of the Birnin Lokoy. Pond (Iullemmeden Basin, Southwestern Niger)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第2期13卷 233-260页

作者： Karimou Dia Hantchi Bouba Hassane Habsatou Ousmane Faraâtou Issa Saley.Balla moussa Konaté Zibo Garba Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Department of Digitization of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and Techniques University of Dosso Dosso Niger

The present study.concerns the lowlands of the Birnin Lokoy. watershed located in the Matankari Rural Commune (Southwestern borders of the large Iullemmeden basin in the Niger). Dominated by.the Birnin Lokoy. pond, this watershed faced with the continuous silting up of the minor bed, dissipates further upstream in the east, so that it moves downstream to the west for the benefit of the populations of Matankari city. The main objective of this work is to analy.e the representative elements of the new climatic and environmental situation as well as the various factors determining the surface conditions in the watershed. The methodological approach is based on documentary.research, field observations, individual survey. and interviews with targeted groups. The results show that the silting up of the lowlands is the result of the concomitant degradation of the plant cover and the soils, which, as a result, triggered the development of crusting surfaces and area erosion on the slopes. The study.underlined the importance of endogenous knowledge in the choice of remedies against the silting up of lowlands. In addition, rational land management practices on plateaus and structures (within the watershed) do not seem to be in phase with topographical factors and the tectonic framework. This work is part of the vision of better management of glacis on the banks, but also of sills subject to regressive erosion upstream and in order to guide the policies of resilience of the populations.

关键词： Niger Birnin Lokoy. Wetlands Hy.roclimatic Variability Soil

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Microbiological Quality.of Fresh and Grilled Mutton Sold in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 986-1000页

作者： Zoénabo Douamba Abel Tankoano Donatien Kaboré Diarra Compaore-Sereme Mahamoudou Ouédraogo Pingdwindé Marie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando Adama Paré Mamadou Hama dicko Hagrétou Sawadogo/Lingani Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie Biotechnologie Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition (LABIOTAN) UFR/SVT Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Ouagadougou, grilled meats in the form of pieces and brochettes are very.popular and well-known to consumers. The aim of this study.was to assess the microbial quality.of mutton meat sold in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 120 samples were collected from 20 meat grillers 60 samples of fresh meat and 60 samples of grilled meat. The sampling was done between the month of August 2018 and the month of February.2019. The samples were analy.ed according to standard methods. The test performed were counts of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (AMB), y.asts and molds, enterobacteria, Campy.obacter spp, Staphy.ococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Brucella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the search for salmonella, and the detection of antibiotics residues. Results showed a high count of AMB (8.77 and 6.78 log UFC/g);enterobacteria (6.58 and 3.05 log UFC/g), Staphy.ococcus aureus (6.45 and 4.35 log UFC/g), Bacillus cereus (6.98 and 4.52 log UFC/g), Campy.obacter (6.03 and 3.86 log UFC/g), y.asts and molds (4.80 and 3.26 log UFC/g) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.45 and 0.15 log UFC/g), respectively.in fresh meat and grilled meat. Presumptive Salmonella was found in 95% of fresh meat samples and in 75% of grilled meat samples. In the tested samples, no Brucella spp were detected. However, residues of antibiotics were found in 5% of fresh meat samples and 5% of grilled meat samples. Means of moisture and pH were respectively.74.91% and 6.05% for fresh meat and 53.21% and 6.06% for grilled meat. The average microbial counts recorded in fresh and grilled meat are significantly.high and indicate poor hy.iene in the raw material and ready.to-eat meat. Good practices of hy.iene and processing guides should be developed for the meat grilling value chain actors to reduce contamination risks.

关键词： Meat Mutton Grilling Microbial Quality

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Epidemiological Profile of Newborns Who Died during Their Hospitalization in the Neonatology.Unit, Mali Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 424-432页

作者： Korotoumou Wéllé Diallo Bourama Kané Aboubacar Sangaré Kadidiatou Touré Fatoumata Léonie François Diakité Mamadou Traoré Mohamed Maba Traoré Mamadou Berthé Mariam Maiga Abdoul Aziz Diakité Fatoumata dicko Traoré Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Pediatrics Gabriel Touré University Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune V Bamako Mali Department of Medical Imaging Mali Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali

Introduction: Neonatal mortality.is a serious problem, particularly.in developing countries. Objective: To study.the epidemiological and clinical profiles of newborns who died during their hospitalization in the neonatology.unit of the hospital in Mali. Methodology. This was a prospective study.over a 12-month period (January.1 to December 31, 2020) including all newborns aged 0 - 28 day. who died during their hospitalization. Results: A total of 424 neonates were hospitalized in neonatology. 54 died, or 12.73%. Newborns aged 0 - 7 day. at admission were the most represented at 79.63% and 94.4% were full-term babies. The male gender was dominant with a ratio of 1.17. The following characteristics were frequently.observed in the mothers: not educated (46.3%), poor 75.9%, living in urban areas (68%), housewives 75.4%, and having had less than 4 antenatal care visits (53.7%). For babies, respiratory.distress and hy.erthermia were the most common reasons for hospitalization (37% and 22.2%, respectively., with 40% being resuscitated at birth. Infection and perinatal anoxia were the most frequent diagnoses, respectively.96.3% and 37%. The death occurred within the first three day. of hospitalization in 60% of cases. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality.rate in our facilities, monitoring of pregnancy.and delivery. and correct management of newborns both at birth and in the pediatric wards are important.

关键词： Newborn Death Hospital in Mali

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