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Sickle Cell Disease in the Zinder Region in 2023: Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors

Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Brah Moustapha Maman Amadou Djibrilla-Almoustapha Moustapha Elhadji-Chefou Illa Hamidine moussa diongolé hassane Badé Malam-Abdou Department of Medicine Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine H&#244pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Medicine Université Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

Introduction: In view of the number of sickle cell patients and due to a low production of descriptive studies, we decided to determine the prevalence of genes S and C of the disease in the Zinder region. The objective was to contribute to improving the management of sickle cell disease in Zinder. Methodology: This was a systematic screening by the “Sickle Scan” test of any blood donor admitted to the Zinder Regional Blood Transfusion Center during the 6-month study period, from January to June 2023. The Sickle Scan is a qualitative lateral flow chromatography immunoassay using whole blood samples that aid in the rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Results: The study was carried out on 613 samples during the period concerned. The frequency of sickle cell genes was 26.9% (n = 165) in all samples collected, with 23.1% (n = 142) and 3.8% (n = 23) for the S gene and the C gene, respectively. The 18 - 30 age group was the most represented with 64.4% (n = 395) cases. The median age of blood donors was 26 years ± 10 years (min = 18 years/max = 60 years). The sex ratio was 2.5. Donors of Nigerien nationality accounted for 84.1% (n = 516). There is a predominance of blood donors with an average monthly income between 34,000 and 70,000 CFA francs in 44.3% (n = 272), lived in permanent housing with drinking water supply. Sickle cell trait (SMA) was found in 22.5% (n = 138). Conclusion: The analysis of these results highlights a high frequency of the S gene for sickle cell disease. The population with an average monthly income is the most affected, with a male predominance.

关键词： Sickle Cell Anemia Blood Donors Sickle Scan

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Clipping Effect on Growth and Plant Water Use Response to Diurnal Variation of Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cenchrus biflorus Roxb

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 183-191页

作者： moussa Oumarou Abdoulaye Issoufou hassane Bil-Assanou Soulé moussa Mainassara Zaman-Allah Laboratory Ecology and Management of Sahelo-Saharan Biodiversity Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Techniques Andr&#233 Salifou University Zinder Niger Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Science and Technology of Plant Production Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger

Cenchrus biflorus called Karangiya in the Hausa language is an annual pastoral grass which is a valuable herbaceous fodder in dry land region in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the plant water use under the effects of cut in West Africa Sahel like Niger where the plant is a multipurpose grass species. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of grazing (simulated by shoot cuts) on biomass production. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb was grown on field plots and in pots and subjected to shoot cuts at different levels (3 cm and 5 cm from soil surface). The effect of shoot cuts on drought tolerance was evaluated by assessing the response of transpiration to the diurnal variation of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Results showed that the biomass production varied in response to shoot cuts depending on the culture system, and the level or frequency of cuts. The mean biomass production increased significantly especially in field plots for 5 cm cuts compared to those at 3 cm and the control treatment. In addition, transpiration was highly increased in response to the VPD increase. Shoot cuts significantly reduced transpiration, whatever the level, largely because they reduced leaf surface. We concluded that moderate grazing (cuts to 5cm) can improve biomass production and allow better adaptation to water deficit as they significantly reduced water loss through transpiration. The study recommends the cropping of the Cenchrus biflorus as climate solution as it performs better under water deficit for improving grazing resilience in Niger.

关键词： Cenchrus biflorus Biomass Vapor Pressure Deficit Cutting Grazing

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Characteristics of Gold and Its Mineralization Style in the Boulon Djounga Eastern Perimeter of Liptako Mining Company (Central Southwestern Niger)

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Natural Resources 2024年第1期15卷 28-50页

作者： Gambo Ranaou Noura Kamayé Tourba Karimou Dia Hantchi Bouba hassane moussa Konaté Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger

The Boulon Djounga eastern perimeter is part of the Tiawa operating permit of the Société des Mines du Liptako (SML), located in the central southwestern part of Liptako (Niger). In this study, we used field data, Reverse Circulation (RC) surveys and chemical analyzes of gold to determine the characteristics of gold and its mineralization style. The eastern perimeter of Boulon Djounga is represented by a succession of metabasalts and metasediments both intersected by intrusions of quartz and dolerite dykes, and covered by sandstone and clayey rocks. Gold is present in low contents (0.00 - 0.30 ppm) in the sedimentary cover and in medium (0.30 - 1.00 ppm) or high contents (1.00 - 4.534 ppm) in the metasediments, and in the gray quartz veins and locally in the volcanics. It exists in a disseminated state or in a concentrated state in the surrounding areas in the form of discrete grains associated with sulphurous minerals (pyrite: FeS2, chalcopyrite: CuFeS2 or arsenopyrite: FeAsS). The presence of gold in the quartz veins, and the NE-SW and NW-SE orientations of the ore bodies suggest that the eastern Boulon Djounga gold mineralization would be established during a late magmatic extensive phase.

关键词： Liptako Gold Mineralization Metasediments-Volcanics Quartz Veins Sulphurous Minerals Niger

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Land Use and Gully Dynamics in the Kourfa Watershed, Matankari (Southwest Niger)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第4期16卷 306-320页

作者： Bachirou Hamadou Younoussa Tahirou hassane Yaou Bouba hassane Abass Kadade Sabou Abdoulkader moussa Issaka Amadou Abdourhamane Toure Zibo Garba Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit de Dosso Dosso Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Andr Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger

The main consequences of climate change in the Sahel have been the metamorphosis of surface conditions. These metamorphoses have resulted in surface degradation, of which silting up of watersheds is the main phenomenon. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental trends of the Kourfa pond watershed. The study is based on diachronic mapping with Landsat satellite images and Google Earth images, over the period 1986 to 2021. The study reveals that vegetation (whose rate of regression doubled between 1986 and 2021) has decreased to the benefit of crop areas (whose rate of increase multiplied by 3.61 between 1986 and 2021). Bare soil and encrusted areas have also decreased, with regression rates almost double than those of 1986. In addition, the Kourfa waterholes have experienced two types of changes over 35 years: one progressive between 2011 and 2016 and the other regressive between 2001 and 2021 compared to 1986. The ravine network has been multiplied by a factor of 2.4, with density more than doubled and the connectivity of the hydrographic networks has risen from 2 to 4, with significant bank recession. This dynamic of the Kourfa pond is linked to the high drainage, the increasing complexity of the gully network and the erosion due to the retreat of the watershed banks, all of which contribute to the silting-up of the Kourfa watershed.

关键词： Kourfa Pond Dynamics Watershed Dosso Niger

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Photovoltaic waste management in sub-Saharan Africa:current practices in Burkina Faso

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yrebegnan moussa Soro Marie Sawadogo Laboratoire Energies Renouvelables et EfficacitéEnergétique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa is witnessing a proliferation of photovoltaic(PV)waste due to the increasing number of solar PV power *** waste(panels,batteries,electrical cables,mounting structures,and inverters)consists of elements such as mercury,cadmium,chromium,lead,copper,aluminum,fluorinated compounds,and plastics that are toxic to human health and the environment if a proper management system is not *** many studies worldwide have focused on PV waste management,very few have been conducted in sub-Saharan *** study aims to investigate the current PV waste management system in Burkina Faso,determine stakeholder profiles,and propose strategies to enhance the existing *** research,interviews,questionnaires,and field visits were used in the *** survey showed that young people,mainly under 30 years of age and with a primary education,dominate(70%)in terms of PV waste collection and repair activities,while the more technical recycling and export activities are carried out mainly(88%)by stakeholders older than 40 years and with a secondary education(60%).Among the older stakeholders,100%are aware of the hazardous nature of PV waste,whereas 36%are young *** an environmental perspective,the main source of contamination observed is the release of lead-rich sulfuric acids into water and soil during the collection and repair *** the recycling of batteries and electrical cables,toxic fumes are emitted into the air,and recycling residues rich in toxic substances are *** reduce risks to human health and the environment when managing PV waste,the introduction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appropriate infrastructures,the training and awareness-raising of stakeholders,and the extended responsibility of manufacturers are *** on the economic feasibility of setting up formal management structures are needed to complete this work.

关键词： Photovoltaic waste Sub-Saharan Africa Waste management Recycling Batteries Incineration

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Local Criteria Used by Farmers to Evaluate the Agronomic Performance and the Fertilizing Capacity of Cowpea Varieties: Diversity, Variability and Proximal Relation with Agronomic Measurements in Contrasted Sahelian Locations

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 114-131页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Abou-Soufianou Sadda Abdoulaye moussa Mamoudou hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger. Unité Mixte de Recherche “Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes” (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire (Imaan Research) Niamey Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Niamey Niger Université Boubacar BA de Tillabéri Tillabéri Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

When contributing to participatory research, farmers usually appreciate the performance of cowpea varieties using qualitative scores. The score they attribute to each variety are based on local knowledge. The specific criteria they individually use to attribute a score are not well described. The objectives of this work were to: 1) identify and describe exhaustively the local criteria used by farmers to measure the agronomic performance of cowpea;2) assess the variability and statistical structure of these farmer criteria across local contexts;3) and analyze the association between these farmer criteria and the classical agronomic measurement. To achieve these objectives, an augmented block design was implemented across fifteen locations in the regions of Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri, representing a diversity of local contexts. From a set of 36 cowpea varieties, fifteen varieties were sown per location, including five varieties (controls) common to all locations. In each location, two replicates were sown in randomized Fisher’s blocks. After agronomic measurement and participatory evaluation (scoring of varieties by farmers), a group survey (focus group) was conducted in each location to identify the criteria considered by farmers to found their discretional scoring of varieties during the participatory evaluation. The analysis of the data identified, across locations, thirteen criteria defined by farmers to characterize the agronomic performance of cowpea. Some of these criteria were different according to location. Farmers ranked the three varieties with the best performance for each agronomical trait (Top 3 varieties). A comparison of the farmer ranking with the ranking based on agronomic measurements revealed similarity and complementary between both methods. This study highlighted the importance of considering both local and scientific knowledge in local varietal evaluations.

关键词： Agronomic Performance Participatory Research Cowpea Farmers’ Criteria

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Tectonic Style Associated with the Doleritic Dykes of the Téra-Ayorou Pluton (Liptako, Western Niger)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第8期15卷 567-581页

作者： Kamayé Tourba Gambo Ranaou Noura Abdou Dodo Bohari Karimou Dia Hantchi Mallam Mamane Hallarou hassane Ibrahim Maharou Yacouba Ahmed moussa Konaté Groundwater and Georesources Laboratory Department of Geology Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger UMR of Water Sciences Mineral Resources Uses and Management Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger

The doleritic dykes present in the Téra-Ayorou pluton crosscut the basement of the Nigerien Liptako and are part of the system of intrusive mafic dykes in the Paleoproterozoic domain of the Léo-Man ridge. In the previous work, emphasis was placed on the petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Liptako doleritic dykes. This study aims to analyze the tectonic style of intrusive doleritic dykes in the Téra-Ayorou pluton. The characterization of the deformation which affected the doleritic dykes of the Téra-Ayorou pluton is important for the evaluation of their economic potential. To this end, measurements of tectonic structure planes were taken in the field, and samples were taken from the chilled margin and cores of dolerite dykes, before being processed in the laboratory. Analysis of the tectonic structures collected revealed a brittle tectonic pattern, characterizing a phase of deformation subdivided into two episodes D1 and D2. Episode D1, with its subvertically dipping normal faults and simple N70˚ - N110˚ fractures, is compatible with N-S extension. On the other hand, episode D2, which created shear corridors by reactivation of pre-existing fractures and oriented N150˚ - N170˚, is associated with a WSW-ENE extension. These results open up prospects for the exploration of gold, uranium mineralization and diamonds in the north-west of Niger.

关键词： Dolerite Dykes Associated Structures Deformation Phases North Liptako Niger

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Saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas as a potential natural additive to improve oxidative stability attributes of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) oil stored under different conditions

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 133-149页

作者： moussa Nid Ahmed Karima Abourat Jamila Gagour El Hassan Sakar Khalid Majourhat Said Gharby Biotechnology Analytical Sciences and Quality Control TeamPolydisciplinary Faculty of TaroudantUniversity Ibnou ZohrMorocco Laboratory of Biology Ecologyand HealthFSAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco Geo-Bio-Environmental Engineering and Innovation Laboratory Polydisciplinary Faculty of TaroudantUniversity Ibnou ZohrAgadirMorocco

The aim of our study was to explore the antioxidant potential of Moroccan saffron stigmas(SS) and examine their performance as a natural antioxidant in enhancing the stability and quality properties of edible sunflower oil(SO), with a focus on understanding the critical importance of edible oil stability for predicting quality deterioration during storage. Bearing this in mind, our research was designed to compare the efficacy of three concentrations of dried SS(at 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) against tocobiol(a synthetic antioxidant) as a positive control(at 0.3% concentration). This comparison was conducted under three distinct storage conditions namely accelerated ageing(60 ℃), exposure to light at ambient temperature, and darkness, to evaluate their impact on preventing severe oxidation and extending oil shelf-life. Oxidation state evolution was evaluated through peroxide value(PV), free fatty acid(FFA), anisidine value(p-AV), K_(270)value(conjugated trienes), total oxidation index(TOTOX), iodine value(IV), and fatty acid composition(FA). Our results revealed notable differences in stability tracking parameters. Specifically, these parameters were higher in samples stored under accelerated conditions, followed by the samples stored in ambient light, while those stored in darkness showed the highest stability among the three storage conditions. Supplementation of sunflower oil with SS and tocobiol significantly enhanced its oxidation stability. Notably, SS exhibited exceptional effectiveness in stabilizing sunflower oil regardless of SS dose, with the highest efficacy observed at 0.6%. This was evidenced by the slower rate of oxidation parameters under various storage conditions, highlighting a superior antioxidant activity compared to both the non-enriched oil and tocobiol-enriched oil. Furthermore, saffron stigmas, used as a natural supplement,contributed to the preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating its potential as a robust source of natural antioxi

关键词： Crocus sativus L. Helianthus annuus L. Saffron stigmas Shelf-life Sunflower oil Tocobiol

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Analysis of Maternal Mortality at the Maradi Maternal and Child Health Center/Niger: About 379 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1529-1539页

作者： Amadou Issa Abdou Oumara Maina Lankoandé Salifou Zélika Tamo Kailou Azize moussa Boukari Soumana Diaouga Hamadou Oumarou Garba Souleymane hassane Rabiatou Nayama Madi Mother and Child Health Center Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Faculty of Health Sciences General Reference Hospital Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Mother and Child Health Center Andr Salifou University of Zinder Zinder Niger Issaka Gazobi Maternity of Niamey Faculty of Health Sciences Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

Introduction: Pregnancy, childbirth, and their consequences continue to be the leading cause of death, illness, and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. In Niger, maternal deaths account for about 39% of all deaths of women aged 15-49. Our aim was to identify the factors linked to maternal mortality in order to contribute to its reduction. Method: this is a descriptive retrospective study of 379 cases of maternal deaths collected at the Maradi CSME from January 1, 2018, to December 31, ***: Our study’s maternal mortality ratio is 2645.72 per 100,000 live births. The mean age of our patients was 27.46 years, with extremes ranging from 15 to 47 years. The 20-24 age group was the most represented, with 88 cases (23.2%). Housewives were 361 (95.3%), and 334 patients (88.1%) were uneducated. There were 261 of them from rural areas, i.e. 69%. The mean parity in our study was 3.46, with extremes ranging from 0 to 15. Multiparous patients 117 cases (30.9%) represented the most significant proportion. Only 42 patients (11.08%) had performed four or more antenatal consultations. Direct obstetric causes accounted for 56.73% of the causes of maternal death. Anemia was the leading cause of maternal death (31.66%). Nearly half of the patients had died before 24 hours after admission, i.e. 49.86%. Conclusion: Maternal mortality remains a significant challenge for developing countries, given its magnitude and timid decline. The fight to reduce maternal mortality must be the priority of our countries’ health policies.

关键词： Maternal Mortality CSME Maradi Anemia

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Bearing Capacity Analysis of Spread Footing on Massif in the “Corniche Ouest” of the Dakar Peninsula (Senegal, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 421-434页

作者： moussa Sawadogo Déthie Sarr Oustasse A. Sall Dpartement de Gotechnique L2M UFR Sciences de lIngnieur Universit Iba Der THIAM de This This Sngal Dpartement de Gnie-Civil UFR Sciences de lIngnieur Universit Iba Der THIAM de This This Sngal

This study presents various approaches to calculating the bearing capacity of spread footings applied to the rock mass of the western corniche at the tip of the Dakar peninsula. The bearing capacity was estimated using empirical, analytical and numerical approaches based on the parameters of the rock mass and the foundation. Laboratory tests were carried out on basanite, as well as on the other facies detected. The results of these studies give a range of allowable bearing capacity values varying between 1.92 and 11.39 MPa for the empirical methods and from 7.13 to 25.50 MPa for the analytical methods. A wide dispersion of results was observed according to the different approaches. This dispersion of results is explained by the use of different rock parameters depending on the method used. The allowable bearing capacity results obtained with varying approaches of calculation remain admissible to support the loads. On the other hand, the foundation calculations show acceptable settlement of the order of a millimeter for all the layers, especially in the thin clay layers resting on the bedrock at shallow depths, where the rigidity of the rock reduces settlement.

关键词： Peninsula of Dakar Bearing Capacity Basanites Rock Mass Spread Footings

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