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Improving Association Rules Accuracy in Noisy Domains Using Instance Reduction Techniques

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3719-3749页

作者： mousa al-akhras Zainab Darwish Samer Atawneh Mohamed Habib College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia King Abdullah II School for Information Technology The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan Faculty of Engineering Port Said UniversityPort Said42523Egypt

Association rules’learning is a machine learning method used in finding underlying associations in large *** intentionally or unintentionally present,noise in training instances causes overfitting while building the classifier and negatively impacts classification *** paper uses instance reduction techniques for the datasets before mining the association rules and building the *** reduction techniques were originally developed to reduce memory requirements in instance-based *** paper utilizes them to remove noise from the dataset before training the association rules *** experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of association rules with different instance reduction techniques,namely:DecrementalReduction Optimization Procedure(DROP)3,DROP5,alL K-Nearest Neighbors(alLKNN),Edited Nearest Neighbor(ENN),and Repeated Edited Nearest Neighbor(RENN)in different noise *** show that instance reduction techniques substantially improved the average classification accuracy on three different noise levels:0%,5%,and 10%.The RENN algorithm achieved the highest levels of accuracy with a significant improvement on seven out of eight used datasets from the University of California Irvine(UCI)machine learning *** improvements were more apparent in the 5%and the 10%noise *** RENN was applied,the average classification accuracy for the eight datasets in the zero-noise test enhanced from 70.47%to 76.65%compared to the original *** average accuracy was improved from 66.08%to 77.47%for the 5%-noise case and from 59.89%to 77.59%in the 10%-noise *** confidence was also reported in building the association rules when RENN was *** above results indicate that RENN is a good solution in removing noise and avoiding overfitting during the construction of the association rules classifier,especially in noisy domains.

关键词： Association rules classification instance reduction techniques classification overfitting noise data cleansing

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Associated Risks in Mobile Applications Permissions

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Journal of Information Security 2019年第2期10卷 69-90页

作者： Mohammed al Jutail mousa al-akhras Abdulaziz albesher College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic University Riyadh KSA E-Government Program Riyadh KSA King Abdullah II School of Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Mobile applications affect user’s privacy based on the granted application’s permissions as attackers exploit mobile application permissions in Android and other mobile operating systems. This research divides permissions based on Google’s classification of dangerous permissions into three groups. The first group contains the permissions that can access user’s private data such as reading call log. The second group contains the permissions that can modify user’s data such as modifying the numbers in contacts. The third group contains the remaining permissions which can track the location, and use the microphone and other sensitive issues that can spy on the user. This research is supported by a study that was conducted on 100 participants in Saudi Arabia to show the level of users’ awareness of associated risks in mobile applications permissions. Associations among the collected data are also analyzed. This research fills the gap in user’s awareness by providing best practices in addition to developing a new mobile application to help users decide whether an application is safe to be installed and used or not. This application is called “Sparrow” and is available in Google Play Store.

关键词： Mobile Permission Android Privacy Attack Security Association Apriori

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Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TialC2 saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： Ahmed Shakir al-HITI Hiba HASSAN Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TialC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFL）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFL which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

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Comparative chemical sensor for detection of chromium(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 21-27页

作者： Sura H.al-REKABI A.A.alWAHIB Electrical Technique Department Al Suwayrah Technical Institute Middle Technical University Laser and Optoelectronics Department University of Technology-Iraq

A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium（Cr） has been investigated. One of the extremely harmful pollutants in rivers and seawater is the heavy metal ions due to their direct impacts on human, animals and plants are hexavalent Cr（Ⅵ）. Consequently, highly sensitive sensor to detect Cr is essential. Surface plasmon resonance（SPR） technique has attracted huge research interest in detecting heavy metals specifically. In this study, three types of prism-based SPR sensor, gold（Au）/silver（Ag）, Au/polyaniline（PANI） and Au/titanium dioxide（TiO2） nanostructured films, are investigated as potential sensing material to detect the presence of Cr（Ⅵ） ions in water. The base Au layer with thickness of 48.3 nm is deposited on a glass slide for all sensors. For Au/Ag, Au/PANI nanofibers and Au/TiO2sensor films, the Cr（Ⅵ） concentration is varied from 1 ppm to 15 ppm with sensitivity of 0.270 °ppm-1, 0.082 °ppm-1and 0.039 °ppm-1, respectively. Based on these results, the Au/PANI nanofibers are the most sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） among the tested sensing materials.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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Rough singular integrals associated to surfaces of revolution on product spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2025年

作者： Hussain al-QASSEM Leslie CHENG Yibiao PAN Mathematics Program Department of Mathematics Statistics and Physics College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Department of Mathematics Bryn Mawr College Department of Mathematics University of Pittsburgh

We study the Lpboundedness of singular integral operators along surfaces of revolution on product spaces. The Lpboundedness for these operators are obtained under very weak conditions on kernels. Our results are new and they improve several previously known results. Furthermore, they are natural extensions of many known results on singular integrals in the one-parameter setting and they subsume many other corresponding results on the product space setting.

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Structural, electronic, and optical studies of chalcogenides stannite Cu2CdSnX4（X=S, Se, and Te）: insights from the DFT study

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 69-76页

作者： Jamal GUERROUM Mohamed al-HATTAB Lhoucine MOUDOU Khalid RAHMANI Youssef LACHTIOUI Omar BAJJOU Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter Faculty of Sciences and Technics Sultan Moulay Slimane University Ecole Normale Supérieure Mohammed V University in Rabat College of Graduate Studies University of South Africa

In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,Te） *** calculations are based on the density functional theory （DFT） method and are performed using the Cambridge sequential total energy package （CASTEP） code included in the Biovia Material Studio 20 *** optical properties have been studied in a domain that extends energetically from 10 meV to 40 *** results show that Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,Te） stannite exhibits absorption in the visible region,the refractive index decreases with increasing energy,and the refractive index values are n=3.2,3.73 and 3.75 for Cu2CdSnS4,Cu2CdSnSe4and Cu2CdSnTe4,*** show also high conductivity,which implies that this material is promising for solar *** results argue in favor of the use of these materials in various potential *** density of state,band structures,and structural properties of Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,and Te） stannite are also studied in this work.

关键词： Refractive index

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

关键词： sexual reproduction transcriptomic proteomic genome rearrangement PIWI NHEJ

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A Review on Integration of IoT as an Approach for Energy Saving in Smart Sustainable Cities

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2025年第1期14卷 60-71页

作者： Mohd Addad Shehadeh al-Taani Architecture Department Faculty of EngineeringAl al-Bayt UniversityMafraq 25113Jordan

Rapid urbanization has been happening around the world,leading to many challenges and difficulties in infrastructure,communication network,transportation,environmental and organizational *** and responsible management of urban resources plays a significant role in sustainable *** sustainable cities use ICTs(Information and Communication Technologies)to improve quality of life,efficiency of urban operation and *** latest advancement in communication,technology,data management,and IoT(Internet of Things)provide a tremendous role for practical implementations and adoption of devices and *** sustainable cities can be intellectualized as an innovative approach of controlling urban resources and valuable components based on the latest advancement in *** study focuses on reviewing and discussing the literature that states the vital components of IoT associated with smart sustainable cities in general and specifically with green energy.

关键词： IOT devices and sensors smart sustainable cities and green energy.

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