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Efficiency and degradation products elucidation of the photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl in water interface using TiO_2 P-25 and Hombikat UV100

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1686-1693页

作者： Amina Chnirheb mourad harir Basem Kanawati Mohammed El Azzouzi Istvan Gebefgi Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin Department of BioGeoChemistry and Analytik German Research Center for Environmental HealthHelmholtz Center MunichIngoldstdter Landstraβe 1D-85764 NeuherbergGermany University Mohammed V-Agdal Faculty of SciencesAvenue Ibn BatoutaBP 1014 RabatMorocco. Lehrstuhl fr Chemische-Technische Analyse und Chemische Lebensmitteltechnologie Technische Universitt MuenchenWeihenstephaner Steig 2385354 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany

The photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl （MFD）, an herbicide safener, was investigated in aqueous suspensions by using Degussa P-25 and Hombikat UV100 titanium oxide under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of the herbicide, pH, catalysts and hydrogen peroxide doses as well as their combinations were studied and optimized. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were determined and the effectiveness of the processes was assessed by calculating the rate constants. A pseudo first-order kinetics was observed. Under experimental conditions, the degradation rate constants were strongly influenced using P-25 and no noticeable effect was observed for Hombikat UV100. DFT calculations with B3LYP/6-311＋G（2d,p）//B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） level of theory were performed to check whether significant conformational changes occur when the charge state of the MFD substrate changes and whether these changes could play a role in the dependency of photodegradation rate constant on the studied pH. High resolution mass spectrometry （FT-ICR/MS） was implemented to identify the main degradation products.

关键词： photodegradation mefenpyrdiethyl P-25/Hombikat UV100 kinetic degradation products

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Resource Potentials of Composting the Organic Wastes Stream from Municipal Solid Wastes Compositions Arising in Nigerian Cities

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第4期3卷 10-15页

作者： Adamu Isa harir Rozilah Kasim Bala Ishiyaku Faculty of Environmental Technology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Faculty of Technology Management Business and Entrepreneurship University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Johor Malaysia

The paper presented an assessment of the resource potentials of composting organic waste materials arising from the municipal solid waste stream from cities in Nigeria. Through a review of quantitative data, the composition of municipal solid waste arising within cities in Nigeria was examined in order to identify the potentials for composting organic materials from the waste stream composition. The data showed that the average majority of the waste stream was organic materials which implied high potentials for composting organic waste materials from Nigerian cities. The review also identified further potentials for composting was associated with the large population and the majority of them engaged in agriculture, as a high potential market for compost manure in Nigeria. There were more potentials derivable from the current policies of importing and supplying chemical fertilizer with huge subsidies for domestic agriculture in the country. The need to substitute these policies of chemical fertilizer with the use of compost manure implied high potentials for composting in the country. The paper also identified numerous benefits of composting in general and with particular reference to the Nigerian situation which includes, among others a reduction of the vast quantity of solid waste for final disposal, reducing air pollution and ground water leachate and also employment generation and increased income. Therefore, the paper recommended a deliberate government policy to promote composting of organic solid wastes material and marketing of compost manure to substitute the current policies of importing chemical fertilizer with subsidy for domestic agriculture as a strategy to achieve sustainable waste management in Nigeria.

关键词： Composting Organic Wastes Waste Composition Sustainable Waste Management Resource Potentials

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Antiboitic Resistance of Uropathogenic Eshcherichia coli in Pateints of Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliand

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第5期12卷 333-342页

作者： Hassan Mohamed Abdi Mukhtar Ismail Hassan Helmy Elsayed Abdulaziz Nadira harir Omer Department of Microbiology Hargeisa Group Hospital Hargeisa Somaliland Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science Haldoor Medical University Hargeisa Somaliland

Background: Urinary tract infection is a common disease in Somaliland society. The predominant causative organism of Urinary tract infection is Escherichia coli. This research studies antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic E. coli in patients of Hargeisa Group Hospital. The study selected commonly prescribed antibiotics for urinary tract infection treatment. Methodology: Urine samples of patients were cultured to isolate causative organisms of the urinary tract infection. Chromo-agar media, CLED, and biochemical tests are applied to identify the type of bacteria. Antibiotic reactions to E. coli bacteria are measured to differentiate between sensitive and resistant drugs with the guidance of the Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute (CLSI). Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method is applied to assess antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Data of patients such as age, sex, symptoms of UTI, previous UTI infection, and history of antibiotic use were recorded. SPSS and Microsoft Excel are applied to analyze and interpret data. Results: The predominant organism that caused urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (55%), Klebsiella spp (15%), Candida spp (15%), Enterococcus spp (10%), Staph spp 2.5%, and Pseudomonas spp 2.5% while other 55% were negative. The study assessed antibiotic resistance of E. coli, which reported resistance to Tetracycline at (70%), Ampicillin (64%), and Cotrimoxazole (61%). The bacteria showed moderate resistance to Ceftriaxone (43.5%), Nalidixic acid (43%), and Ciprofloxacin (36%). The bacteria are sensitive to Amikacin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (96%), Levofloxacin (73%) and gentamicin (74%). Conclusion: The overall incidence of antibiotic resistance to E. coli is high because the bacteria show a percentage of resistance to each antibiotic except Amikacin which gives (100%) sensitivity. The research recommends public awareness of the risks associated with antibiotic use and periodic evaluation of antibiotic resistance to accomplish better ma

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Escherichia coli Antibiotics Resistant Sensitive Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR)

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Microbial Analysis of Drinking Water from Randomly Selected Boreholes and Shallow Wells around Hargeisa, Somaliland

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Mohamud Ahmed Farah Essam Abdulmuhsin Afifi Nadira harir Omar Ahmed Hussein Essa Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science Haldoor Medical University Hargeisa Somaliland Hargeisa Water Quality Control Laboratory Hargeisa Water Agency Hargeisa Somaliland Department of Health Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Abaarso Tech University Hargeisa Somaliland

Background: Shallow wells and boreholes are vital sources of potable water in Hargeisa. This water can be polluted by runoff, in particular during the rainy season, causing outbreaks of waterborne infections. Objectives: This research aimed at evaluating the microbial quality of shallow wells and boreholes water around Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods: The total coliform and Escherichia coli count were done by using the membrane filtration method. Overall, 100 ml of each water sample was filtered via a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and then the filters were put on m-Endo agar plates that were incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. Results: The mean value of total coliform counts for the boreholes and shallow wells ranged from 1.288 × 103 to 8.8 × 103 CFU/100ml, while the mean value of total E. coli counts also ranged from 3.5 × 102 to 4.429 × 103 CFU/100ml. Results from this study have demonstrated that all water sources (Arabsiyo, Dararweyne, Darasalaam, Dabaraqas, and Jaleelo) don’t comply with the WHO guideline for drinking water. Results from the analysis of water samples of 28 wells demonstrated a significant correlation between total coliform and E. coli counts (P = 0.01). Therefore, this water is not fit for human consumption unless it is treated. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that all results of both mean values of total coliform and E. coli counts from groundwater of selected shallow wells and boreholes were beyond WHO standards, so water from Arabsiyo, Jaleelo, Dabaraqas, Dararweyne, and Darasalaam requires treatment before human consumption.

关键词： Membrane Filtration Method Escherichia Coli Coliform Shallow Wells Boreholes Indole Colony Forming Unit Indole Citrate Triple Sugar Iron

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