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Fight against Breast Cancer in Cameroon: Cross-Views of the Knowledge of the Female Population of Douala Hospitals

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第7期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Henri Essome Astrid Ndolo Kondo Ingrid Doriane Ofakem Ilick Christelle Enama Olinga moukouri gertrude Junie Ngaha Yaneu Marga Vanina Ngono Akam Gervais Mounchikpou Ngouhouo Grâce Tocki Toutou Fulbert Mangala Nkwele Michel Roger Ekono Jean Paul Engbang Ndamba Theophille Nana Njamen Charlotte Tchente Nguefack Pascal Foumane Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea BueaCameroon Faculty of Medicine of Sangmelima Sangmelima Cameroon

Introduction: Breast cancer in women is a global scourge due to its frequency and high fatality rate. If screening has made it possible to considerably reduce its incidence and its mortality in developed countries, in our developing countries, it remains frequent with a still high mortality due to ignorance, late and non-systematized screening. Research Question: Can female health caregivers be incorporated into a breast cancer screening awareness team? Objective: It aimed at evaluating the knowledge of female health caregivers in Douala hospitals, added to that of female users on breast cancer screening for their efficient operationalization in this procedure. Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study for analytical purposes for a period of 07 months from January 15 to July 15, 2020 conducted by means of a structured and pre-tested questionnaire after informed consent obtained from the participants received in the consultation units of these hospitals. The study variables were socio-demographic and cognitive. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software (statistical package for social sciences) with a significance level established for a value of p Results: We retained 1000 women fulfilling our inclusion criteria, including 818 users and 182 health caregivers, i.e. an average ratio of 4 users for 1 caregiver. The average age of the users was 31.03 ± 11.31 years and that of the caregiver was 29.54 ± 8.14 years (with extremes of 15 and 67 years identical in the two groups) with a respective median of 29 and 28 years old. Good knowledge was significantly associated with level of education (secondary OR = 0.38, p = 0.03 and University OR = 0.22, p = 0.001) with a predominance of good knowledge among care givers (83.5%) against 56.2% among users. The association between caregiver and good knowledge appeared to be statistically significant (OR = 0.25;p < 0.0001). In general, the association of users and poor knowledge carried a 4

关键词： Screening Breast Cancer Knowledge Attitudes Practices Carer Users

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The effect of biochar on mycorrhizal fungi mediated nutrient uptake by coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)seedlings grown on a Sandy Regosol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 56-73页

作者： gertrude Scynthya Nirukshan Sanathanie Ranasinghe Steven Sleutel Department of Environment Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium. Coconut Research Institute Lunuwila 61150Sri Lanka

Biochar amendment of soil may ameliorate inherently infertile soils,such as in the typical coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)growth areas along tropical coasts,where,moreover,temporary moisture stress commonly *** conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of biochar soil amendment(1%w/w)produced from Gliricidia sepium stems(BC-Gly)and rice husks(BC-RiH)on the growth of coconut seedlings and on N and P uptake mediated by mycorrhizae under wet or dry conditions in a Sandy *** pots were divided into root and hyphal zones by a nylon mesh,where 15N labelled N and P nutrients were only provided in the hyphal *** wet conditions,biochar applica-tion did not affect plant growth,while under dry conditions,the BC-Gly increased root and plant growth similar to that under wet ***-Gly increased the acidic pH of the soil to a neutral level,and the microbial community shifted towards a higher fungal *** P accumulated(Pacc)in roots was higher with BC-Gly and BC-RiH under dry and wet conditions,*** weakly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)in the hyphal *** BC-Gly roots showed lower N derived from *** conclude that biochar application has no impact on crop growth under wet conditions,while under dry conditions,BC-Gly stimulates crop growth and P uptake,probably through liming induced P availability but also possibly by some enhancement of AMF *** shift in the fungal-oriented microbial community and reduced plant fertilizer N uptake suggested that BC-Gly acted as an additional N source.

关键词： Coconut growing soil 15N isotope labelling Root-exclusion study container Phosphorus Moisture stress

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The Mediating Role of Water Accessibility in the Relationship between Water Governance and Achievability of Sustainable Development Goal 6:Evidence from Ghana

The Mediating Role of Water Accessibility in the Relationshi...

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作者： gertrude Dotse Bampoe 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

水治理已成为解决水安全问题和实现可持续发展目标6的重要工具。加纳面临的大多数水资源挑战可归因于多层次治理的失败,而不是资源本身。因此,调查水治理系统是必不可少的,对现有系统的评估是最重要的一步。本研究使用OECD水治理原则和... 详细信息

水治理已成为解决水安全问题和实现可持续发展目标6的重要工具。加纳面临的大多数水资源挑战可归因于多层次治理的失败,而不是资源本身。因此,调查水治理系统是必不可少的,对现有系统的评估是最重要的一步。本研究使用OECD水治理原则和指标框架调查和评估了加纳水治理的稳健性,该框架包括12项原则和36个指标。使用Excel分析回收的问卷,交通信号灯系统有助于数据可视化和对结果的解释。该研究还评估了水资源治理与可持续发展目标6可实现性之间的关系。使用SMART PLS软件3.0版中的结构方程模型(SEM)进一步考虑了水的可获得性,作为水治理与SDG6可实现性之间关系的中介变量。研究结果表明,没有一项原则得到充分实施和发挥作用。在12项原则中,其中2项正在制定中,七项已到位但尚未实施或发挥作用,其余3项原则已到位但部分实施或发挥作用。关于水治理政策框架的实施,该研究表明,现有的政策框架中只有3个部分发挥作用,其余的存在但未发挥作用且正在开发中。与政策框架一样,加纳水治理中与水相关的机构治理和水治理工具的运作都有相似的结果。大多数机构功能不完善,没有发挥水治理工具的作用。这是加纳水治理系统实施差距、制度崩溃和系统失灵的明显案例。本研究强烈建议相关机构采取紧急策略来解决这些问题。假设1的结果代表了目标2的实证结果,表明水治理的所有三个变量——效率(Efc)、有效性(Eff)以及信任和参与(TE)——对可持续发展目标6具有统计上显着的积极影响可实现性。假设2的结果代表了目标3的实证结果,揭示了水治理的所有三个变量——效率(Efc)、有效性(Eff)以及信任和参与(TE)——与水的可获得性具有显着的正相关关系。假设3的结果代表目标4的实证结果,表明水资源可获得性和可持续发展目标6的可实现性具有显着的正相关关系。此外,代表目标5实证结果的假设4的结果表明,水的可获得性显著调节了水治理(Efc、Eff和TE)与可持续发展目标6可实现性之间的关系。根据结果,该研究提出了有针对性的政策建议,其中包括以下内容。应该高度重视12项原则的实施,因为当有益的想法或政策存在但没有得到实践时,就会出现很多困境。应加强利益相关者的参与,以解决参与水治理的利益相关者(如用水户)之间更好协调和协作。利益相关者应更加关注改善水治理,因为良好的水治理体系将推动实现水目标的进展。在通过水治理的视角实现可持续发展目标6的过程中,不应低估水的可获得性的中介作用。

关键词：水治理加纳可持续发展目标6 水的可获得性

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A decision support model for supplier portfolio selection in the retail industry

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Journal of Management Analytics 2021年第3期8卷 486-501页

作者： Stanislaus Solomon William A.Ellegood gertrude Pannirselvam Jason Riley Management and Marketing Department Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsvilleILUSA Management Marketingand Information Systems DepartmentSam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleTXUSA

In this paper we propose and test a staged knapsack model to create a supplier portfolio for *** first two stages in the model use judgement criteria related to supplier characteristics and supplier fit,gathered from managers to create a portfolio that optimizes supplier rank and fit *** the third stage we optimize cost by considering landed costs for each supplier in the portfolio to arrive at the final set of *** results indicate that the criteria used,and the staged refinement of the supplier pool resulted in a better fit than just considering the landed costs of the final pool of suppliers without rank and fit score *** proposed method will enable purchasing managers to strategically create a supplier portfolio that will suit the retailer’s needs more effectively.

关键词： supplier selection retail decision support supplier portfolio knapsack problem

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HAX1 deletion impairs BCR internalization and leads to delayed BCR-mediated apoptosis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第4期13卷 451-461页

作者： Susanne Wolkerstorfer Elisabeth Schwaiger Mark Rinnerthaler Iris Karina Gratz Thomas Zoegg Hans Brandstetter gertrude Achatz-Straussberger Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Cell Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco CA USA Department of Dermatology Division of Molecular Dermatology and EB House Austria Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria.

Deletion of HAX1 in mice causes a severe reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and in the spleen. Additionally, B220＋ B progenitor cells in the bone marrow are reduced, suggesting an important function of HAX1 in B cell development. HAX1 is thought to play a protective role in apoptotic processes; therefore, we investigated the role of HAX1 in bone marrow B progenitor cells and splenic B cells. We did not observe an effect on the survival of Hax1-/- bone marrow cells but detected enhanced survival of splenic Hax1-/- B cells upon in vitro starvation/ growth-factor withdrawal. To explain this apparent inconsistency with previous reports of HAX1 function, we also studied the B cell receptor （BCR）-induced apoptosis of IgM-stimulated splenic naive B cells and found that apoptosis decreased in these cells. We further found impaired internalization of the BCR from Hax1-/- splenic B cells after IgM crosslinking; this impaired internalization may result in decreased BCR signaling and, consequently, decreased BCR-mediated apoptosis. We measured HAX1 binding to the cytoplasmic domains of different Ig subtypes and identified KVKWI（V）F as the putative binding motif for HAX1 within the cytoplasmic domains. Because this motif can be found in almost all Ig subtypes, it is likely that HAX1 plays a general role in BCR-mediated internalization events and BCR-mediated apoptosis.

关键词： viability apoptosis internalization BCR surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPRA) wild type (WT) B cellreceptor (BCR) co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) room temperature (RT) annexin V(A) eFluor (eF)

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Dying to Be Born

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ChinAfrica 2011年第1期3卷 26-27页

作者： gertrude Majyambere

Maternal deaths remain a huge challenge on the African continent PUT awareness of maternal health firmly in the mindset of Africans and it will go a long way to reduce the ongoing tragedy of maternal deaths on the continent. That’s the qualified opinion of *** Eugene,head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the referral Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. "We[Africa]have a shortage of skilled personnel,and even the few who are qualified migrate for better pay to developed

关键词： Dying to Be Born Be

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博茨瓦纳教师在实施新数学课程过程中遇到的挑战:利用符号转换作为教室中的交流工具

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比较教育研究 2002年第S1期23卷 263-270页

作者： Kgomostso gertrude Garegae 缪胤博茨瓦纳大学教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京师范大学比较教育研究中心

自从1966年获得独立以来,博茨瓦纳学校课程历经几次改革,尤其是初级中等学校的数学课程经历了4次重大的改革与调整。目前博茨瓦纳初级中等学校数学课程于1996年开始实施并建立在与前几次课改不同的理念的基础上,而且更强调初级中等学校... 详细信息

自从1966年获得独立以来,博茨瓦纳学校课程历经几次改革,尤其是初级中等学校的数学课程经历了4次重大的改革与调整。目前博茨瓦纳初级中等学校数学课程于1996年开始实施并建立在与前几次课改不同的理念的基础上,而且更强调初级中等学校的数学教学法。教师和学生都必须积极投入到有意义的数学对话中。要求学生积极参与教室中的学习和讨论,也意味着学生必须能够熟练理解与使用教学用语。然而,和其他所有使用第二语言英语作为数学教学语言的国家的学生一样,博茨瓦纳的学生在理解和使用英语上存在很大的问题。因此,本研究主要讨论博茨瓦纳初级中等学校的数学教师是如何为了使学生更好地理解数学概念而在教师教学和学生学习过程中使用符号转化作为交流工具,从而阻碍了学生运用英语理解数学的能力的发展。

关键词：数学教学符号转换利弊得失

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Art Clinic in Bududa General Hospital, Bududa District, Uganda

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第3期7卷 135-142页

作者： Kalyetsi Rogers Nafungo gertrude Muwanguzi Enoch Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Medicine Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Laboratory Department Bududa General Hospital Mbale Uganda

Background: Tuberculosis disease affects survival among HIV co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in western Uganda is 15.3% and 7.2% in Tororo, Eastern Uganda. A study in Kampala revealed Tuberculosis prevalence among immuno-incompetent group at 10%. To assess the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) infection in HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic in Bududa general hospital, Bududa district, a hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out. Methods and materials: Two hundred thirty eight (238) HIV/AIDS positive patients attending ART clinic were recruited using consecutive simple non-probability sampling on consenting. Data collection guide was used to capture the socio-demographic information from study participants and two sputum samples (spot and early morning samples) were obtained from each participant, and processed using Hot Ziehl Neelsen for Tubercle Bacilli. Data collected was entered into MS Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Package of Social Sciences was used for descriptive data analysis and outputs in form of percentages, figures and tables presented. Results: Out of 238 study participants recruited, 14/238 were positive for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB);giving a prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis at 5.9% (14/238) and the most affected age group was between 26 - 35 years with the prevalence of 3.4%. More females (65.6%) participated in the study than males (34.4%). Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a health challenge in HIV/AIDS positive people in Bududa district and there is need for early screening of all HIV patients for TB as part of their routine and intensification to follow up TB positive patients. We recommend large-scale studies on the trends in TB/HIV co-infection and associated factors should be carried out in this area. In addition, we recommend intensification of public awareness campaign about TB infection in relation to its transmission, prevention and control.

关键词： Pulmonary Tuberculosis HIV Infection Prevalence HIV/TB Co-Infection

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坦桑尼亚农产品出口贸易对中国的影响因素分析

坦桑尼亚农产品出口贸易对中国的影响因素分析

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作者： gertrude Mutani Ndalo 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

坦桑尼亚联合共和国位于非洲东部,其经济发展水平低,经济结构较为单一,农牧业是其主要经济支柱,被联合国列为48个最不发达国家之一,其外汇收入的主要来源于农业。2009年坦桑尼亚政府推行“农业第一”发展理念,2011年把农业作为吸引外商... 详细信息

坦桑尼亚联合共和国位于非洲东部,其经济发展水平低,经济结构较为单一,农牧业是其主要经济支柱,被联合国列为48个最不发达国家之一,其外汇收入的主要来源于农业。2009年坦桑尼亚政府推行“农业第一”发展理念,2011年把农业作为吸引外商投资的主要领域,但是,近年来,坦国的农产品出口贸易额急剧下降。坦桑尼亚应该抓住“中国机遇”,深化中坦两国农产品贸易和合作。中坦1964年建交以来,一直在中非关系中发挥重要的引领作用。坦国是非洲联盟(AU))、东非共同体(EAC)、东部和南部非洲共同市场(COMESA)、南部非洲发展共同体(SADC)的成员。1995年,它又迈出了重要的一步,加入世贸组织。坦国接受中国在基础设施、农业等领域的援助,是非洲的最大受益国。2014年起,中国单方面给予坦国97%产品进口免税待遇。坦国也是WTO成员国,是中国给予免关税待遇的40个最不发达国家之一,对中国的出口享受特惠税率原产产品。双边贸易受关税、非关税壁垒、经济规模、汇率、贸易开放度等诸多因素的影响。九十年代以来,关税同盟、自由贸易协定等几种区域经济一体化的形式得以发展,关税水平持续维持在较低水平,世贸组织把全球范围内的贸易便利化改革视为激发新一轮贸易增长的新动力。在此背景下,中国积极实施自贸区战略和“一带一路”战略。2015年召开的中非合作论坛,2018年召开的中国国际进口博览会,这一系列的具有深远影响的大事对中坦农业合作,对坦国农业发展和农产品贸易都是千载难逢的政策红利和机遇。基于以上几点考虑,本研究拟定以中坦农产品贸易为研究现象,聚焦于坦国对中国农产品出口的影响因素,目的是探寻如何提升坦国农产品出口中国的对策。研究结果不但对实施坦国的“农业第一”发展战略,落实中非合作论坛的重要议题具有突出的现实意义,同时,对中坦农产品贸易发展具有明确的实用价值。本文共五部分。第一部分是引言。简单介绍了选题背景和选题意义,并对关键概念进行相应的界定。第二部分是理论基础和相关文献综述。第三部分讨论中坦农产品贸易状况,分析了坦桑尼亚农业发展现状,对世界农产品贸易的贡献,主要进出口产品类别,主要贸易伙伴国家,尤其是坦桑尼亚对中国农产品出口贸易的特征以及面临的问题。第四部分是本论文的重要组成部分,实证分析坦桑尼亚农产品出口到中国的主要影响因素,运用引力模型,以非洲三大湖国家的时间序列面板数据为样本,引入出口国的国内生产总值,进口国的国内生产总值,国家的规模差异,汇率波动幅度,通货膨胀,出口国的农业就业率,出进国之间距离和出口国的FDI接受额,并把这八个因素纳入模型中,对坦桑尼亚的出口决定因素进行深入分析。(首先,总体分析,然后是区分初级农产品和加工农产品的分析。)研究发现,出口额与GDP,规模和汇率呈正相关关系,而与通货膨胀和FDI呈负相关关系。坦桑尼亚对华农产品出口还受到通关程序和监管限制等多个影响因素。第五部分是结论和对策思考。

关键词：中坦贸易农产品出口影响因素引力模型

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Assessment of in Situ Anthelminthic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Bidens pilosa against Adult’s Gastro-Intestinal Strongyle of Small Ruminants

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 433-442页

作者： Mbogning Tayo gertrude Yondo Jeannette Tsila Henri Gabriel Mpoame Mbida Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Microbiology Haematology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threats to livestock industry in the developing countries. They cause direct effects in form of loss in production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Various alternative strategies are in practice to control parasitism which includes the usage of medicinal plants. This study evaluates the in situ anthelminthic activity of Bidens pilosa ethanolic extract on gastro-intestinal strongyles of small ruminants. Twenty (20) naturally infested goats of both sexes were distributed into 5 groups (n = 4) corresponding to groups receiving Tween 80 at 2.8%, Albendazole at 5 mg/kg and the three doses of extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). The doses of extract and 2.8% Tween 80 were administered twice daily for 3 consecutive days while Albendazole was administered in a single dose. Faecal eggs count reduction, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and total worm count reduction were determined. Results showed that the ethanolic extract of B. pilosa was not effective against adult worms while Albendozole inflicted a 100% reduction of eggs count and total worm count of digestive strongyle. Body weight and PCV remain almost constant. This study indicates that ethanolic extract of B. pilosa at tested doses has no anthelminthic activity. However, further optimization and standardization of the ethanolic extract of B. pilosa could enhance its anthelminthic activity.

关键词： Gastro-Intestinal Strongyle Bidens pilosa Anthelminthic Activity in Situ

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