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Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite on the Rebar Corrosion of Medium Carbon Steel in Seawater and Cassava Fluid

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2014年第3期2卷 223-229页

作者： Mohammed Adamu Lasisi Ejibunu Umoru Oladeji Oluremi ige Department of Metallurgical Engineering Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Inhibitors are regularly used as one of the principal prevention and control techniques in reinforcement corrosion. Hence this study investigates the effect of calcium nitrate and sodium nitrite inhibitors on the rebar corrosion of medium carbon steel in seawater and cassava fluid with a view to determining inhibitive potentials of the different inhibitors in the two media. Gravimetric and voltametric techniques were employed in this study and a total of forty-five corrosion coupons of different dimensions were produced. Forty coupons were used for gravimetric analysis and the remaining five for corrosion potentials measurements. Eight of the samples were used as control;while other eight samples each were admixed with calcium nitrate and sodium nitrite in concrete cubes. It was later immersed in seawater and cassava fluid for a total duration of 32 days and the measurements were taken at the interval of 4 days in order to determine the corrosion rates in mils per year (mmpy). Two controls and admixed samples each were later immersed in seawater and cassava fluid, respectively, for durations of 32 days to determine the corrosion potentials using a voltmeter and a Copper-Copper Sulphate Electrode (Cu/CuSO4). The pH of each medium was measured throughout the period of exposure. The results obtained expressed that all the samples except the control samples, displayed some degree of inhibition. The inhibition levels for the admixed samples in seawater were higher compared with those in cassava fluid. Inhibition efficiencies for various inhibitors followed different trends in different environment. The inhibition efficiencies for calcium nitrate in cassava fluid and seawater were 26.81% and 64.85% respectively. The study concluded that inorganic inhibitors were effective in inhibiting corrosion in cyanide and chloride contaminated concrete cubes.

关键词： Inhibitor Rebar Corrosion Steel Seawater Cassava Fluid

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Use of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis Methods for Water Supply Problems： A Framework for Improved Rainwater Harvesting

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第7期1卷 909-917页

作者： Omolara lade David Oloke Ezekiel Chinyio Michael Fullen School of Technology University ofWolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 I L Y UK

Several conflicting objectives are considered in decision-making. MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） methods are developed to facilitate better decision making by decision-makers. Water supply problems are complex problems with multiple decision making and criteria. Hence, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis is very appropriate for solving these problems. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be divided into three main groups： value measurement models, goals, aspiration and reference level models and outranking models. The methods listed have been applied to water supply problems, especially in the evaluation of alternative water supply strategies. Each method has its advantages and limitations. A good alternative for concluding a better-suited method for water supply problems is to apply more than one method, either in combination to make use of the strengths of both methods, or in parallel to obtain a broader decision basis for the decision maker. Previous studies of MCDA in water supply planning have usually considered water supply networks with only one water service delivery. Advanced water supply sources with multiple water service delivery systems have been neglected. This is an on-going study in which analytical hierarchical multi-criteria decision analysis methods are proposed for solving water supply problems and a framework for improved rainwater harvesting systems will be developed.

关键词： Water supply multiple-criteria decision analysis sustainability.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe David Ayoola Oladele Adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi Salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia ige Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola Adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife Nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa William Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection

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The Nexus between Nigerian Government Spending and Domestic Output in the Presence of Long-Term Crude Oil Price Shock: A Conditional Unrestricted Equilibrium Correction Model Approach

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第3期6卷 412-425页

作者： Lawal Omoniyi Ganiyu Alabi Nurudeen Olawale ige Sikiru Ajibade Ibraheem Rahmat Abisola Department of Statistics Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria Department of Mathematics Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria

This paper is an empirical analysis of provisional unrestricted level relationship between Nigerian domestic output measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government spending proxied by capital and recurrent expenditures in the presence of static regressors such as crude oil prices and federal government retained revenues. We estimate an ARDL (1,0,1) using a single-equation approach. Results show that government expenditures have negative but statistically insignificant effects on domestic output in the long-run. Similarly, negative short run effects are established amongst the variables. However, recurrent expenditure is statistically significant in the short-run. Whilst federal government retained revenue has a positive and significant effect, crude oil price exhibited negative relationships with domestic output both at level and in the short-run dynamics. Also a high speed of adjustment implies that Nigerian Gross Domestic Product is extremely sensitive to shocks on the government spending in the long-run. An upward trend forecast between 2014 and 2020 is an indication of the continued positive impact and the government retained revenue will exert on the domestic output in the long-run.

关键词： Level Relationship Domestic Output Government Spending Single-Equation Approach

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Agricultural Sector and HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Africa: The Economic Retrogression Model

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 206-224页

作者： Temidayo Gabriel Apata Moshood Olatunde Oladapo Adetunji Lawrence Kehinde Olasimbo motunrayo Apata Timothy Olusola Agboola Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Osun State University Ejigbo Campus Ejigbo Nigeria Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Objective: Agricultural activities in most African countries demand human labour, the supply of labour to agriculture may be threatened if humans could no longer farm because of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Past studies have identified the alarming situation and challenges the spread of HIV/AIDS endemic poses to human existence and agricultural growth. Examining these interactions, and their direction, is useful for informing policy directives. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to examine interactions between HIV/AIDS pandemic and agricultural growth in Africa using a model of retrogression. Methods: Twenty countries in Africa identified as HIV/AIDS ravaged countries were taken as the areas of study. These countries are spread over four zones of the Northern Africa, the Eastern, the Southern and the Sub-Saharan Africa. A combination of analytical tools was employed to meet the study objectives. Results: The results revealed that long run economic cost of HIV/AIDS had a statistical positive significant relationship with agricultural/economic growth. The results suggest that there is a curvilinear relationship between the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and agricultural/economic growth in terms of human capita development. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS pandemic interactions and agricultural growth have demonstrated that a more balanced approach is necessary for effective policy.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Plague Human Capita Development Risky Sex Etiquette Agricultural Policy Africa

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Influence of spark plasma sintering on microstructure and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with nanosized TiN

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第1期28卷 47-54页

作者： Oluwasegun Eso FALODUN Babatunde Abiodun OBADELE Samuel Ranti OKE Oladeji ige Peter Apata OLUBAMBI Moipone Linda LETHABANE Shepherd Willie BHERO Centre for Nanoengineering and Tribocorrosion School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Department of Engineering Metallurgy University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus

Ti-6Al-4V/TiN composites were successfully consolidated by spark plasma sintering(SPS).TiN addition to Ti-6Al-4V was varied from1%to5%(volume fraction).The effect of TiN addition on the densification,microstructure,microhardness and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V was *** results showed reduction in sintered density of the compacts from99%to97%with increase in TiN ***,an increase in microhardness value was recorded from HV0.1389to HV0.1488.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that the intensity of diffraction peaks of TiN phase in the composites increased also with formation of small amount of secondary Ti2N *** analysis of SPS sintered nanocomposites possessed a refinement ofα/βphase microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V with the presence of uniformly dispersed TiN *** worn surface of the composite showed improved abrasive wear resistance with non-continuous grooves as compared to the sintered Ti-6Al-4V without TiN addition.

关键词： spark plasma sintering Ti-6Al-4V TiN microstructure wear

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Dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus(cojoined twins)in a Yankassa ewe

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第4期 333-335页

作者： Ambali Hauwa motunrayo Nwoha Rosemary Ijeoma Ogechi Garba Danjuma Bire Kantiyok Josiah Tagwai Omamegbe Joseph Omolathebu MABS Veterinary centre Ltd.Km 23 Badagry expressway Lagos StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine Michael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeNigeria Veterinary Council of Nigeria 8 Zambezi CrescentMaitamaAbujaFCTNigeria Department of Vetereinary Surgery and Theriogenology University of AbujaAbujaNigeria

A two years'old,white and brown Yankassa ewe,weighing 20 kg was presented with dystocia of about 48 h duration at Mabs Veterinary Centre Ltd,*** thorough physical and vaginal examination,there were evidences of feotal parts and foul smelling discharges per vagina.A systematic and calculated traction and retropulsion revealed schistosomus reflexus cojoined *** was a complete recovery of the ewe 3 days post operative ***,this case reported a true schistosomus reflexus cojoined twins in Yankassa ewe which was successfully relieved through traction and retropulsion despite the supposedly small birth canal which precluded the procedure in ewes except for caesarian section or fetotomy.

关键词： Dystocia Schistosomus reflexus Cojoined twins Monstrosity Ewe

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Atherosclerosis imaging using 3D black blood TSE SPACE vs 2D TSE

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第5期6卷 192-202页

作者： Stephanie K Wong motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal Leron Arama Joy Cambe Sylvia Biso Nadia Alie Zahi A Fayad Venkatesh Mani Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai New York NY 10029United States Department of Radiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai New York NY 10029 United States Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Department of Medicine Marie-Josée and Henry R Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.Sinai New York NY 10029 United States

AIM: To compare 3D Black Blood turbo spin echo(TSE)sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution(SPACE) vs 2D TSE in evaluating atherosclerotic plaques in multiple vascular territories. METHODS: The carotid, aortic, and femoral arterial walls of 16 patients at risk for cardiovascular or atherosclerotic disease were studied using both 3D black blood magnetic resonance imaging SPACE and conventional 2D multi-contrast TSE sequences using a consolidated imaging approach in the same imaging session. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the images. Agreement of morphometric measurements between the two imaging sequences was assessed using a two-sample t-test, calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient and by the method of linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: No statistically significant qualitative differences were found between the 3D SPACE and 2D TSE techniques for images of the carotids and aorta. For images of the femoral arteries, however, there were statistically significant differences in all four qualitative scores between the two techniques. Using the current approach, 3D SPACE is suboptimal for femoral imaging. However, this may be due to coils not being optimized for femoral imaging. Quantitatively, in our study, higher mean total vessel area measurements for the 3D SPACE technique across all three vascular beds were observed. No significant differences in lumen area for both the right and left carotids were observed between the two techniques. Overall, a significant-correlation existed between measures obtained between the two approaches. CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative measurements between 3D SPACE and 2D TSE techniques are comparable. 3D-SPACE may be a feasible approach in the evaluation of cardiovascular patients.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Carotid artery plaque Aorta Femoral artery Magnetic resonance imaging

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Sexuality and Emergency Contraceptive Practice among Female Undergraduates in Lagos, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第6期10卷 836-854页

作者： Yusuf Abisowo Oshodi Fatimat motunrayo Akinlusi Akaninyene Akan Uduosoro Joy Onyinyechi Agbara Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu Oluwarotimi Ireti Akinola Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja Nigeria

Background: Young people, especially those in tertiary institutions are vulnerable to unplanned and unprotected sexual intercourse which predisposes them to unintended pregnancies and subsequently unsafe abortions. One of the key interventions for reduction of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions is effective use of emergency contraceptives. Objectives: To assess the sexuality, perception, attitude towards and determinants of usage of emergency contraception among female undergraduates in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2016 among 805 female students of the Lagos State University. Data were collected through structured self-administered questionnaire by obtaining information on demography, sexual and contraceptive history, perception, attitude towards and use of emergency contraceptives. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chi-square and logistic regression models were applied to variables to test for significance that predicts

关键词： Sexuality Unprotected Intercourse Unintended Pregnancy Emergency Contraceptives Practice

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非小细胞肺癌中与PD-L1和PD-L2表达相关的基因

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癌症 2020年第1期39卷 16-31页

作者： Trine Vilsbφll Larsen Dianna Hussmann Anders lade Nielsen Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University8000 Aarhus CDenmark

背景程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand-1,PD-L1)和配体2(programmed cell death ligand-2,PD-L2)与程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein-1,PD-1)的相互作用是一个介导免疫逃逸的免疫抑制检查点,因此是癌症中基于阻滞的免疫治疗的重要靶点。在非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall-celllungcancer,NSCLC)中,有必要对PD-1检查点阻滞反应生物学进行深入了解,并确定生物标志物以预测其对免疫疗法的临床反应。在本研究中,我们系统描述了NSCLC中PD-L1和PD-L2表达相关基因。方法我们进行了回顾性比较分析,来确定NSCLC中PD-L1和PD-L2 mRNA表达相关基因。为此,我们考察了肿瘤细胞系百科全书(Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia,CCLE)数据库中肺–非小细胞(lung non-small-cell,Lung_NSC)和癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中肺腺癌(lung adenocarcinoma,LUAD)和鳞状细胞癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)的可用数据集。结果通过对CCLE数据集Lung_NSC的分析确定了PD-L1和PD-L2之间的表达相关性。此外,我们发现了489个基因与PD-L1相关、191个基因与PD-L2相关,以及111个基因与二者均有表达相关性。在TCGA数据集LUAD和LUSC中对PD-L1和PD-L2也进行了表达相关研究。在LUAD中,我们发现了257个基因与PD-L1相关、914个基因与PD-L2相关以及211个基因与二者均有表达相关性。在LUSC中,我们发现了26个基因与PD-L1相关、326个基因与PD-L2相关以及13个基因与二者均有表达相关性。只有少数基因表达在CCLE和TCGA数据集中均表现为与PD-L1和PD-L2相关。涉及干扰素信号转导基因的表达尤其与Lung_NSC中的PD-L1、LUSC中的PD-L2以及LUAD中的PD-L1和PD-L2的表达相关基因汇聚。在LUSC,PD-L1的表达,以及PD-L2的表达(相比之下相关程度较小)与染色体9p24区的基因相关,表明染色体9p24拓扑相关结构域是LUSC中PD-L1表达特别重要的驱动力。对PD-L1和PD-L2的受体PD-1、分化群80(cluster of differentiation,CD80)和排斥导向分子B(repulsive guidance molecule B,RGMB)的表达相关分析表明,在LUAD中PD-1和CD80表达与PD-L1和PD-L2均相关。在LUSC中CD80表达与PD-L2相关。结论我们提出了与NSCLC中PD-L1和PD-L2 mRNA表达相关的基因特征,这可能对于了解PD-1检查点阻滞反应生物学和开发基于基因特征的生物标志物以预测免疫疗法的临床反应具有重要意义。

关键词：非小细胞肺癌生物标志物免疫疗法免疫检查点干扰素 Chr9p24 PD-L1 PD-L2

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