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Small extracellular vesicles and liver diseases:From diagnosis to therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1307-1318页

作者： Atsunori Tsuchiya Kazuki Natsui Yui Ishii Yohei Koseki Nobutaka Takeda Kei Tomiyoshi Fusako yamazaki Yuki Yoshida Shuji Terai Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Niigata University Medical and Dental HospitalNiigata 951-8510Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Niigata UniversityNiigata 951-8510Japan

Extracellular vesicles(EVs),especially small EVs(sEVs)derived from liver cells,have been the focus of much attention in the normal physiology and pathogenesis of various diseases affecting the *** are approximately 100 nm in size,enclosed within lipid bilayers,and are very *** lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids,including miRNAs,contained within these vesicles are known to play important roles in intercellular *** mini-review summarizes the application of ***,liver diseases and the related diagnostic markers are described,and the current active status of miRNA research in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is ***,the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of sEVs are described,and the liver is highlighted as the organ with the highest accumulation of ***,the relationship between sEVs and the pathogenesis of liver disorders is described with emphesis on the current active status of miRNA research in HCC recurrence and ***,the possibility of future therapy using sEVs from mesenchymal stem(stromal)cells for cirrhosis and other diseases is described.

关键词： Small extracellular vesicles Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Mesenchymal stem cells

Factors Determining the Detection Time to Flavor in Healthy Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第3期4卷 114-119页

作者： Satomi Miyaoka Takako yamazaki Naoko Ito Yozo Miyaoka Department of Eating Disorder and Dysphagia Graduate School of Rehabilitation Niigata University of Rehabilitation 2-16 Kaminoyama Murakami Japan Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare 1398 Shimami-cho Kita-ku Niigata Japan

This study analyzed the factors responsible for determining the flavor detection time for chewed semi-solid foods. Thirteen healthy young adults (eight males and five females) were asked to chew gummy candies with five different fruit flavors (i.e., apple, grape, orange, pear, and strawberry) in a random order. The detection time to flavor was measured using an electromyography-based system, which was recently developed by the authors. Briefly, each participant was recorded with surface masseter electromyograms on both sides to determine the start of chewing. Each participant was asked to press a button as soon as possible with his/her preferred hand after detecting the flavor. The time elapsed between the start of chewing and the button press was measured. Two taste components, sugars and organic acids, of the gummy candies were chemically analyzed, and two major sugars and organic acid were individually detected. The odor intensity was also analyzed for the gummy candies. The average detection time significantly differed among the five gummy candies and among the participants. Simple regression analyses revealed that the intensity of the odors was significantly associated with the average time intervals, but the amounts of the two major sugars and the organic acids were not. The analysis yielded the following equation for the regression estimation:?? (y = the time interval, x = the intensity of odors). The results suggest that the intensity of odors of the gummy candies, not the taste components, is responsible for determining the flavor detection time.

关键词： Flavor Detection Time Semi-Solid Food Masseter Electromyogram Chewing Human

Optimization and Development of New Badminton Machine with Launching Roller

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2012年第11期2卷 671-681页

作者： Shinobu Sakai Ryota Nobe Koetsu yamazaki Hitoshi Nakayama School of Mechanical Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan Machine Development Division JFE Steel Corporation Kawasaki 210-0868 Japan Development Division Sunaga Kaihatsu Co. Ltd. Ashikaga 326-0333 Japan

Shuttlecock used for badminton is light in mass so that its flight locus is strongly influenced by air. The highest launching velocity of the shuttlecock by professional badminton players exceeds speeds of over 83.3 m/s （300 km/hr）. In this study, a new badminton server machine was developed. The badminton machine can launch the shuttlecocks at wide range of speeds up to 52.8 m/s （190 km/hr） and with many shot types such as smash, clear and so on, which are easily achieved. The finite element models of a shuttlecock with feathers and the badminton machine were made, and the launching simulations of the shuttlecock were tried. The roller with a large diameter attained a higher speed of the shuttlecock than the small rollers for all kinds of launching conditions. The taper angles of the roller edge and the insert height of the shuttlecock relative to the roller surface were optimized for attaining the maximum shuttle speed by the response surface approach. After the optimization, the performance of the badminton machine had been improved about 7% as the shuttle speeds increase and the stress causing the shuttle deterioration decreased.

关键词： Badminton sports engineering finite element analysis shape optimization response surface methodology.

Hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column improves liver function after ischemia-reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第36期15卷 4571-4575页

作者： Hiroaki Sato Kiyohiro Oshima Katsumi Kobayashi Hodaka yamazaki Yujin Suto Izumi Takeyoshi Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan Intensive Care Unit Gunma University Hospital3-39-15 Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511 Japan

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column （DHP-PMX therapy） for warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury after total hepatic vascular exclusion （THVE） using a porcine model. METHODS： Eleven Mexican hairless pigs weighing 22-38 kg were subjected to THVE for 120 min and then observed for 360 min. The animals were divided into two groups randomly： the DHP-PMX group （n = 5） underwent DHP-PMX at a flow rate of 80 mL/min for 220 min （beginning 10 rain before reperfusion）, while the control group did not （n = 6）. The rate pressure product （RPP）： heart rate x end-systolic arterial blood pressure, hepatic tissue blood flow （HTBF）, portal vein blood flow （PVBF）, and serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： RPP and HTBF were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in the DHP-PMX group than in the control group 240 and 360 min after reperfusion. PVBF in the DHP-PMX group was maintained at about 70% of the flow before ischemia and differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） compared to the control group 360 min after reperfusion. The serum AST increased gradually after reperfusion in both groups, but the AST was significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower in the DHP-PMX group 360 min after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： DHP-PMX therapy reduced the hepatic warm I/R injury caused by THVE in a porcine model.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Total hepaticvascular exclusion Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column

Clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single-session endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第9期26卷 947-959页

作者： Kosuke Minaga Mamoru Takenaka Kentaro Yamao Ken Kamata Shunsuke Omoto Atsushi Nakai Tomohiro yamazaki Ayana Okamoto Rei Ishikawa Tomoe Yoshikawa Yasutaka Chiba Tomohiro Watanabe Masatoshi Kudo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka-Sayama 589-8511Japan Clinical Research Center Kindai University HospitalOsaka-Sayama 589-8511Japan

BACKGROUND Although several techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)are available at present,an optimal treatment algorithm of EUS-BD has not yet been *** To evaluate the clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single endoscopic sessions for difficult cases in initially planned *** This was a single-center retrospective analysis using a prospectively accumulated *** with biliary obstruction undergoing EUS-BD between May 2008 and April 2016 were *** primary outcome was to evaluate the improvement in EUS-BD success rates by converting the treatment methods during a single endoscopic *** outcomes were clarification of the factors leading to the conversion from the initial EUS-BD and the assessment of efficacy and safety of the conversion as judged by technical success,clinical success,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS A total of 208 patients underwent EUS-BD during the study *** 18.8%(39/208)of the patients,the treatment methods were converted to another EUSBD technique from the initial *** obstruction was caused by pancreatobiliary malignancies,other malignant lesions,biliary stones,and other benign lesions in 22,11,4,and 2 patients,*** reasons for the difficulty with the initial EUS-BD were classified into the following 3 procedures:Target puncture(n=13),guidewire manipulation(n=18),and puncture tract dilation(n=8).Technical success was achieved in 97.4%(38/39)of the cases and clinical success was achieved in 89.5%of patients(34/38).AEs occurred in 10.3%of patients,including bile leakage(n=2),bleeding(n=1),and cholecystitis(n=1).The puncture target and drainage technique were altered in subsequent EUSBD procedures in 25 and 14 patients,*** final technical success rate with 95%CI for all 208 cases was 97.1%(95%CI:93.8%-98.9%),while that of the initially planned EUS-BD was 78.8%(95%CI:72.6%-84.2%).CONCLUSION Among multi-step pro

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Biliary drainage Biliary obstruction

Detection of fusion gene in cell-free DNA of a gastric synovial sarcoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第8期24卷 949-956页

作者： Shinpei Ogino Hirotaka Konishi Daisuke Ichikawa Junichi Hamada Katsutoshi Shoda Tomohiro Arita Shuhei Komatsu Atsushi Shiozaki Kazuma Okamoto Sanae yamazaki Satoru Yasukawa Eiichi Konishi Eigo Otsuji Division of Digestive Surgery Department of Surgery Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Surgical Pathology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

Synovial sarcoma(SS) is genetically characterized by chromosomal translocation, which generates SYT-SSX fusion transcripts. Although SS can occur in any body part, primary gastric SS is substantially rare. Here we describe a detection of the fusion gene sequence of gastric SS in plasma cell-free DNA(cf DNA). A gastric submucosal tumor was detected in the stomach of a 27-year-old woman and diagnosed as SS. Candidate intronic primers were designed to detect the intronic fusion breakpoint and this fusion sequence was confirmed in intron 10 of SYT and intron 5 of SSX2 by genomic polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and direct sequencing. A locked nucleic acid(LNA) probe specificto the fusion sequence was designed for detecting the fusion sequence in plasma and the fusion sequence was detected in preoperative plasma cfD NA, while not detected in postoperative plasma cfD NA. This technique will be useful for monitoring translocation-derived diseases such as SS.

关键词： Fusion gene Gastric synovial sarcoma Plasma Cell free DNA

Serum autotaxin levels are correlated with hepatic fibrosis and ballooning in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1239-1249页

作者： Naoyuki Fujimori Takeji Umemura Takefumi Kimura Naoki Tanaka Ayumi Sugiura Tomoo yamazaki Satoru Joshita Michiharu Komatsu Yoko Usami Kenji Sano Koji Igarashi Akihiro Matsumoto Eiji Tanaka Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumoto 390-8621Japan Department of Metabolic Regulation Shinshu University Graduate School of MedicineMatsumotoJapanand Research Center for Agricultural Food IndustryShinshu UniversityMatsumoto390-8621Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine Shinshu University HospitalMatsumoto 390-8621Japan Bioscience Division TOSOH CorporationKanagawa 252-1123Japan

AIM To examine the relationship between serum autotaxin(ATX) concentrations and clinicopathological findings in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) *** One hundred eighty-six NAFLD patients who had undergone liver biopsy between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively *** samples were collected at the time of biopsy and ATX was measured by enzyme *** obtained from 160 healthy,nonobese individuals were used as *** findings were graded according to an NAFLD scoring system and correlations with serum ATX were calculated by Spearman's *** accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Cut-off values were identified by the Youden index,and the nearest clinically applicable value to the cutoff was considered the optimal threshold for clinical *** Serum ATX levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients than in controls(0.86 mg/L vs 0.76 mg/L,P < 0.001) and correlated significantly with ballooning score and fibrosis stage(r = 0.36,P < 0.001 and r = 0.45,P < 0.001,respectively).Such tendencies were stronger in female *** were no remarkable relationships between ATX and serum alanine aminotransferase,lipid profiles,or steatosis *** AUC values of ATX for predicting the presence of fibrosis(≥ F1),significant fibrosis(≥ F2),severe fibrosis(≥ F3),and cirrhosis(F4),were all more than 0.70 in respective *** Serum ATX levels may at least partially reflect histological severity in NAFLD.

关键词： Autotaxin Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Ballooning

Gastric linitis plastica with autoimmune pancreatitis diagnosed by an endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第31期10卷 11607-11616页

作者： Ryosuke Sato Kazuyuki Matsumoto Hiromitsu Kanzaki Akihiro Matsumi Kazuya Miyamoto Kosaku Morimoto Hiroyuki Terasawa Yuki Fujii Tatsuhiro yamazaki Daisuke Uchida Koichiro Tsutsumi Shigeru Horiguchi Hironari Kato Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University HospitalOkayama 700-8558Japan

BACKGROUND Gastric linitis plastica(GLP)is a subset of gastric cancer with a poor *** is difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis by endoscopic mucosal biopsies,and the usefulness of an endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUSFNB)for GLP has been recently ***,autoimmune diseases are occasionally known to coexist with malignant tumors as paraneoplastic *** herein report the usefulness of an EUS-FNB for detecting GLP and the possibility of paraneoplastic syndrome coexisting with *** SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a 1-mo history of epigastric pain that increased after *** laboratory data revealed high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and *** examinations showed giant gastric folds and reddish mucosa;however,no epithelial changes were *** gastric lumen was not distensible by air inflation,suggesting *** tomography showed the thickened gastric wall,the diffuse enlargement of the pancreas,and the peripancreatic rim,which suggested autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)coexisting with *** the pathological findings of the endoscopic biopsy showed no malignancy,he underwent an EUSFNB and was diagnosed with *** received chemotherapy for unresectable gastric cancer due to peritoneal metastasis,after which both the gastric wall thickening and diffuse enlargement of the pancreas were *** An EUS-FNB for GLP with a negative endoscopic biopsy is useful,and AIP may develop as a paraneoplastic syndrome.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration Linitis plastica Autoimmune pancreatitis Paraneoplastic syndromes Case report

Direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized cartridge in intestinal warm ischemia reperfusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第35期14卷 5436-5441页

作者： Hiroaki Sato Kazuhisa Arakawa Katsumi Kobayashi Hodaka yamazaki Yujin Suto Izumi Takeyoshi Kiyohiro Oshima Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunma 371-8511Japan Intensive Care Unit Gunma University HospitalMaebashiGunma 371-8511Japan

AIM： To investigate the effectiveness of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibers （DHPPMX therapy） on warm ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury of the small intestine.METHODS： The proximal jejunum and distal ileum of mongrel dogs were resected. Warm ischemia was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery （SMA） and vein （SMV） for 2 h. Blood flow to the proximal small intestine was restored 1 h after reperfusion, and the distal small intestine was used as a stoma. The experiment was discontinued 6 h after reperfusion. The dogs were divided into two groups： the DHP-PMX group （n = 6, DHP-PMX was performed for 180 min; from 10 min prior to reperfusion to 170 rain after reperfusion） and the control group （n = 5）. The rate pressure product （RPP）, SMA blood flow, mucosal tissue blood flow, and intramucosal pH （pHi） were compared between the two groups. The serum interleukin （IL）-10 levels measured 170 min after reperfusion were also compared.RESULTS： The RPP at 6 h after reperfusion was significantly higher in the PMX group than in the control group （12174 ± 1832 mmHg/min vs 8929 ± 1797 mmHg/min, P 〈 0.05）. The recovery rates of the SMA blood flow at I and 6 h after reperfusion were significantly better in the PMX group than in the control group （61%±7% vs 44% ±4%, P 〈 0.05, and 59%±5% vs 35%±5%, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. The recovery rate of the mucosal tissue blood flow and the pHi levels at 6 h after reperfusion were significantly higher in the PMX group （61%±8% vs 31%±3%, P 〈 0.05 and 7.91±0.06 vs 7.69±0.08, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. In addition, the serum IL-IO levels just before DHP-PMX removal were significantly higher in the PMX group than in the control group （1 569 ± 253 pg/mL vs 211± 40 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： DHP-PMX therapy reduced warm I/R injury of the small intestine. IL-10 may play a role in inhibiting I/R injury during DHP-PMX therapy.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Interleukin-10 Polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion cartridge PMX