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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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重型颅脑损伤的早期治疗(英文)

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中华神经外科疾病研究杂志 2012年第6期11卷 486-486页

作者： Rosenfeld JV Maas AI Bragge P morganti-kossmann mc Manley GT Gruen RL Department of Neurosurgery The Alfred HospitalMonash University

Severe traumatic brain injury remains a major health-care problem worldwide. Although major progress has been made in understanding of the pathophysiology of this injury,this has not yet led to substantial improvements in outcome. In this report,we address present knowledge and its limitations,research innovations,and clinical implications. Improved outcomes for patients with severe traumat- ic brain injury could result from progress in pharmacological and other treatments,neural repair and regeneration,optimisation of surgical indications and techniques,and combination and individually targeted treatments. Expanded classification of traumatic brain injury and in- novations in research design will underpin these advances. We are optimistic that further gains in outcome for patients with severe traumat- ic brain injury will be achieved in the next decade.

关键词：创伤性脑损伤治疗方法保健知识患者

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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson John F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are novel targets for improving insulin resistance

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第1期13卷 65-69页

作者： Rosana mc Bastos Érika B Rangel Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São Paulo 05652-001SPBrazil Nephrology Division Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo 04023-900SPBrazil

The gut microbiota plays a key role in metabolic ***-microbiota-derived metabolites are found in different dietary sources,including:Carbohydrate(acetate,propionate,butyrate,also known as short-chain fatty acids,as well as succinate);protein(hydrogen sulfide,indole,and phenylacetic acid);and lipids(resveratrol-,ferulic acid-,linoleic acid-,catechin-and berry-derived metabolites).Insulin resistance,which is a global pandemic metabolic disease that progresses to type 2 diabetes mellitus,can be directly targeted by these ***-derived metabolites have broad effects locally and in distinct organs,in particular skeletal muscle,adipose tissue,and *** metabolites can modulate glucose metabolism,including the increase in glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle,and decrease in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis associated with lipid oxidation in the liver through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine/threonine-protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein *** adipose tissue,gut-microbiota-derived metabolites stimulate adipogenesis and thermogenesis,inhibit lipolysis,and attenuate ***,an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation occurs in the whole ***,the therapeutic potential of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches used to treat diabetes mellitus can be tested to target specific metabolites derived from intestinal bacteria,which may ultimately ameliorate the hyperglycemic burden.

关键词： Insulin resistance Gut microbiota Metabolites Host metabolism Metabolic organs Novel targets

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“Role of exercise in preventing and restoring gut dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease”:A letter to the editor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第8期28卷 878-880页

作者： Neasa mc Gettigan Aoibhlinn O'Toole Karen Boland Department of Gastroenterology Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0LeinsterIreland School of Medicine Royal College of SurgeonsDublin D02YN77Ireland

Exercise-induced changes of the microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)is a promising field of research with the potential for personalized exercise regimes as a promising therapeutic adjunct for restoring gut dysbiosis and additionally for regulating immunometabolic pathways in the management of IBD *** exercise programmes in IBD patients of at least of 12 wk duration are more likely to result in disease-altering changes in the gut microbiome and to harness potential anti-inflammatory effects through these changes along with immunometabolic pathways.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Microbiota Dysbiosis Metabolism Exercise Cytokines

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Challenges and recommendations when selecting empirical antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第3期15卷 377-385页

作者： Melisa Dirchwolf Gonzalo Gomez Perdiguero Ingrid mc Grech Sebastian Marciano Liver Unit Hospital Privado de RosarioRosario 2000Santa FeArgentina iver Unit Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1181Argentina Liver Unit and Department of Research Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1181Argentina

There is abundant evidence that bacterial infections are severe complications in patients with cirrhosis,being the most frequent trigger of acute-on-chronic liver failure and causing death in one of every four patients during *** these reasons,early diagnosis and effective treatment of infections are mandatory to improve patient ***,treating physicians are challenged in daily practice since diagnosing bacterial infections is not always *** situation might lead to delayed antibiotic initiation or prescription of ineffective regimens,which are associated with poor *** the other hand,prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics to all patients suspected of bacterial infections might favor bacterial resistance *** is a significant concern given the alarming number of infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms ***,it is paramount to know the local epidemiology to propose tailored guidelines for empirical antibiotic selection in patients with cirrhosis in whom bacterial infections are suspected or *** this article,we will revise current knowledge in this area and highlight the importance of surveillance programs.

关键词： Bacterial infections Cirrhosis Multidrug resistance Antibiotic prophylaxis Antibiotic stewardship

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Detailed bed topography and sediment load measurements for two stepdown flows in a laboratory flume

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第3期37卷 287-298页

作者： Daniel Wren Roger Kuhnle Tate mc Alpin David Abraham Keaton Jones United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory U.S.Army Research and Development Center Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

Streams and rivers, particularly smaller ones, often do not maintain steady flow rates for long enough to reach equilibrium conditions for sediment transport and bed topography. In particular, streams in small watersheds may be subject to rapidly changing hydrographs, and relict bedforms from previous high flows can cause further disequilibrium that complicates the prediction of sediment transport rates. In order to advance the understanding of how bedforms respond to rapid changes in flow rate, a series of flume experiments were performed where the flow was reduced rapidly from equilibrium *** transport rates and bed elevation data across the flume and over a 15-meter-long test section were collected during the experiments to allow detailed examination of evolving bedform dynamics. It was found that relict bedforms stopped moving completely after flow reductions, and the mode of sediment transport was shifted to small bedforms that arose rapidly over dune stoss sections throughout the test section. The changes in sediment transport with time as the sand bed adjusted to the new flow rate was found to agree with predictions based on the relations proposed in Wren et al.(2020). Wavelet analysis is used to visualize changes in length and amplitude scales during the bed transition process.

关键词： Sediment transport Bedforms Dunes Wavelets

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Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第10期14卷 1502-1513页

作者： mc Anto Antony Aniqa Chowdhury Dinesh Edem Rishi Raj Priyanshu Nain Mansi Joglekar Vipin Verma Ravi Kant Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismMedical University of South Carolina/AnMed CampusAndersonSC 29621United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAK 72205United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismPikeville Medical CenterPikevilleKY 41501United States Department of Graduate Medical Education Maulana Azad Medical CollegeDelhi 110002India Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed CampusAndersonSC 29621United States

The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our *** microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis,and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation,insulin resistance,cardiovascular diseases(CVD),type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and *** is well known that obesity,T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition,environmental factors,unhealthy high calorie diets,and sedentary ***,recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome,a set of risk factors including obesity,hyperglycemia,and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD,T2DM,and other *** research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin *** is increasing interest in supplements,classified as prebiotics,probiotics,synbiotics,or postbiotics,and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic *** this review article,we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.

关键词： Gut dysbiosis Metabolic syndrome Diabetes mellitus Prebiotics Probiotics Postbiotics

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Novel advancements in threedimensional neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 352-354页

作者： Richard J.mc Murtrey Institute of Neural Regeneration & Tissue Engineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering ScienceOld Road Campus Research BuildingUniversity of Oxford

Neurological diseases and injuries present some of the great- est challenges in modern medicine, often causing irrevers- ible and lifelong burdens in the people whom they afflict. Conditions of stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases have devastating con- sequences on millions of people each year, and yet there are currently no therapies or interventions that can repair the structure of neural circuits and restore neural tissue function in the brain and spinal cord. Despite the challenges of over- coming these limitations, there are many new approaches under development that hold much promise. Neural tissue engineering aims to restore and influence the function of damaged or diseased neural tissue generally through the use of stem cells and biomaterials. Many types of biomaterials may be implemented in various designs to influence the survival, differentiation, and function of developing stem cells, as well as to guide neurite extension and morphological architecture of cell cultures. Such designs may aim to reca- pitulate the cellular interactions, extracellular matrix char- acteristics, biochemical factors, and sequences of events that occur in neurodevelopment, in addition to supporting cell survival, differentiation, and integration into innate neural tissue.

关键词： Novel advancements in threedimensional neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

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Natural products:Perspectives in the pharmacological treatment of gastrointestinal anisakiasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第8期8卷 604-609页

作者： Valero A Romero mc Gómez-Mateos M Hierro I Navarro mc Department of Parasitology.Faculty of Pharmacy.University of Granada Department of Pharmacology.Faculty of Pharmacy.University of Granada

Objective: To evaluate the activity of different natural products against L3 larvae of Anisakis type I. Methods: Information on investigations into the activity of natural products against the L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex was collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search(using Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science and Science Direct). The search terms included: natural products, medicinal plants, essential oils, terpenic derivatives, Anisakis, antinematodal activity. Results: In the literature reviewed numerous papers were found concerning the in vitro and in vivo activity against Anisakis type I of various natural products(plant extracts, essential oils and their major components). Analysis of the results showed that in vitro tests the Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and the ar-turmerone isolated from Curcuma longa displayed the greatest activity. In vivo, the most active compound was perillaldehyde, the main component of Perilla frutescens essential oil. Conclusions: This study shows that some natural products exhibited promising antianisakis properties.

关键词： Anisakis Anisakiasis Natural products Essential oils Terpenic derivatives

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