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The neuroimaging of neurodegenerative and vascular disease in the secondary prevention of cognitive decline

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1490-1499页

作者： morgan j.schaeffer Leona Chan Philip A.Barber Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Structural brain changes indicative of dementia occur up to 20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Efforts to modify the disease process after the onset of cognitive symptoms have been unsuccessful in recent years. Thus, future trials must begin during the preclinical phases of the disease before symptom onset. Age related cognitive decline is often the result of two coexisting brain pathologies: Alzheimer's disease(amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration) and vascular disease. This review article highlights some of the common neuroimaging techniques used to visualize the accumulation of neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies during the preclinical stages of dementia such as structural magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities. We also describe some emerging neuroimaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling, diffusion tensor imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping. Recent literature suggests that structural imaging may be the most sensitive and cost-effective marker to detect cognitive decline, while molecular positron emission tomography is primarily useful for detecting disease specific pathology later in the disease process. Currently, the presence of vascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging provides a potential target for optimizing vascular risk reduction strategies, and the presence of vascular disease may be useful when combined with molecular and metabolic markers of neurodegeneration for identifying the risk of cognitive impairment.

关键词： amyloid arterial spin labeling cognitive decline dementia imaging magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography quantitative susceptibility mapping tau vascular disease white matter hyperintensities

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Interannual dynamics of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees surrounding drought

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journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 77-86页

作者： Meghan j.Blumstein morgan E.Furze Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University26 Oxford StCambridgeMA 02138USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveRoom 1-290CambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University915 W State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Interactions between water and carbon dynamics underlie drought-related tree *** whole-tree water relations have been shown to play a key role in the response to and recovery from drought,the role of nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC) and how their storage and allocation changes surrounding drought events deserves further attention and is critical for understanding tree ***,we quantified in situ NSC responses of temperate forest trees to the 2016 drought in the northeastern United *** and starch concentrations were measured in the stemwood of five tree species from 2014 to 2019,which allowed us to monitor NSCs in relation to climatic conditions before,during,and after the natural *** found that immediately following the drought,measured stemwood NSC concentrations ***,NSC concentrations rebounded quickly within three ***,trees allocated proportionally more to starch than to sugars following the 2016 *** winter 2017,starch comprised 45% of total stemwood stores,whereas starch made up only 1-2% in other ***,we modeled and assessed the climatic drivers of total NSC concentrations in the *** in total NSC concentrations was significantly predicted by the previous year’s temperature,precipitation,and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI),with stemwood concentrations decreasing following hotter,drier periods and increasing following cooler,wetter ***,our work provides insight into the climatic drivers of NSC storage and highlights the important role that a tree’s carbon economy may play in its response and recovery to environmental stress.

关键词： Drought Nonstructural carbohydrates Starch metabolism Forest trees

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Guest Editors＇ Words

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China & World Economy 2016年第5期24卷 1-4页

作者： Guanghua Wan Peter j. morgan Director of Research Asian Development Bank Institute Tokyo Japan Senior Consultant for Research Asian Development Bank Institute Tokyo Japan

China has been growing at an unprecedented rate since economic reforms were initiated in 1978, achieving an average annual real GDP growth rate of 9.7 percent over the entire period through to 2015. Even more remarkably,

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Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae associated with panicle and shoot blight of pistachio in California,USA

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期67卷 157-179页

作者： Shuai Fei Chen David P.morgan Themis j.Michailides Department of Plant Pathology University of California-Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center9240 South Riverbend AvenueParlierCA 93648USA China Eucalypt Research Centre(CERC) Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAF)ZhanJiang 524022GuangDong ProvinceChina

Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight was considered as one of the single greatest threats to the California pistachio industry in the last two decades.A large number of fungi with typical morphological characteristics of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe were collected from pistachios in 18 counties in California and deposited in our culture *** aims of this study were to identify these isolates,recognize the distribution of these fungal species and test their pathogenicity to pistachio cultivars.A total of 304 California isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data of the ITS,TEF-1α and β-tubulin gene regions,and combined with the morphological features of the cultures and *** results showed that California isolates represent eight species of Botryosphaeriaceae and one species of *** species include Botryosphaeria dothidea,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella iberica,***,Lasiodiplodia citricola,***,Neofusicoccum mediterraneum,*** and Diaporthe *** the Botryosphaeriaceae,86% of the isolates were identified as ***,which distributed in all the sampled *** pistachio trees,in addition to isolates from California,*** from Arizona,*** from Australia,***,*** and *** from Greece were also *** of the California fungi on pistachio cultivars,Kerman(female)and Peters(male),using a mycelium plug and conidial suspension inoculation methods showed that all these species are pathogenic to the two tested pistachio cultivars,with ***,*** being the most pathogenic species,followed by *** study represents the first comprehensive work on the species identification,distribution and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe on pistachio in California.

关键词： blight cultivar California

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Assessing the Impact of Catastrophic Electricity Loss on the Food Supply Chain

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第4期15卷 481-493页

作者： Simon Blouin Alexander Herwix morgan Rivers Ross j.Tieman David C.Denkenberger Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters(ALLFED) LafayetteCO 80026USA Cologne Institute for Information Systems University of Cologne50969 CologneGermany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand

The food supply chain's heavy reliance on electricity poses significant vulnerabilities in the event of prolonged and widespread power disruptions. This study introduces a system-dynamics model that integrates five critical infrastructures-electric grid, liquid fossil fuels, Internet, transportation, and human workforce-to evaluate the resilience of food supply chains to major power outages. We validated the model using the 2019 Venezuelan blackouts as a case study, demonstrating its predictive validity. We then explored how more extreme electricity losses would disrupt the supply chain. More specifically, we modeled the impact of a large-scale cyberattack on the US electric grid and a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP)event. A cyberattack severely damaging the US electric grid and allowing for recovery within a few weeks or months would lead to substantial drops in food consumption. However, it would likely still be possible to provide adequate calories to everyone, assuming that food is equitably distributed. In contrast, a year-long recovery from a HEMP event affecting most of the continental United States could precipitate a state of famine. Our analysis represents a first attempt at quantifying how food availability progressively worsens as power outages extend over time. Our open-source model is made publicly available, and we encourage its application to other catastrophic scenarios beyond those specifically considered in this work(for example, extreme solar storms, high-lethality pandemics).

关键词： Cyberattack Electricity Food supply chains Global catastrophic risk High-altitude electromagnetic pulse System dynamics

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Two sample applications of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations to fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 503-506页

作者： Howard Littman Morris H.morgan Ⅲ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180-3590USA Department of Chemical Engineering Hampton UniversityHamptonVA 23668USA

This paper is devoted to outlining precisely the basic mathematics of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations and showing how significant fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting ... 详细信息

关键词： Calculus of variations lsoperimetric problems Fluidization Spouting

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Plant growth in a fragmented forest is a consequence of top-down and bottom-up processes, but not their interaction

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journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 601-609页

作者： Brad j.Farmilo john W.morgan Dale G.Nimmo Department of Ecology Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe University1 Kingsbury DriveBundooraVictoria 3086Australia Department of Environment LandWater and PlanningArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin University221 Burwood HighwayBurwoodVictoria 3125Australia Institute for Land Water and SocietySchool of Environmental ScienceCharles Sturt University1 Elizabeth Mitchell DriveAlburyNew South Wales 2640Australia

Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of global biodiversity *** fragmentation(leading to edge effects,increased isolation and declining habitat size)interacts with top-down processes like vertebrate herbivory,an important driver of vegetation structure and composition in many ecosystems,is poorly *** between fragmentation and changes in her-bivory may exacerbate their individual influences on plant growth,with implications for management of native plant communities within fragmented *** examined the effects of habitat fragmentation on herbivore activity,and also how both fragmen-tation and mammalian herbivory influence growth of understorey plant *** This study was conducted at the Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment,located in south-eastern New South Wales,*** use herbivore exclusion plots across an experimentally frag-mented landscape to assess the interactive effects of fragmenta-tion and herbivory on the growth of four plant species that vary in growth form and rarity in the *** Findings We observed species-specific responses to both herbivory and fragmentation,but no additive or interactive effects between these *** show that a reduction in herbivore activity within frag-ments does not correspond with an increase in plant growth,even for the most palatable ***,top-down processes continue to operate across the fragmented *** changes in habitat conditions within fragments appear to negatively influence both plant growth and mammalian herbivore activity,it is likely that alterations to bottom-up effects(***)may be more important than top-down effects(***)for the spe-cies under *** species-specific response of plants to herbivory or fragmentation may have implications for temporal and spatial population persistence in fragmented landscapes and ulti-mately fragment vegetation structure.

关键词： Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment Pinus radiata herbivory understorey plants plantation eucalypt

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A review of potential biomarkers for assessing physical and psychological trauma in paediatric burns

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 652-677页

作者： morgan Carlton joanne Voisey Tony j.Parker Chamindie Punyadeera Leila Cuttle Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Centre for Children’s Burn and Trauma ResearchCentre for Children’s Health ResearchSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Faculty of HealthSchool of Biomedical SciencesBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Faculty of HealthSchool of Biomedical SciencesSaliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Biological markers that evaluate physical healing as well as psychological impact of a burn are essential for effective treatment of paediatric *** objective of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the use of biomarkers in children with *** extensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed.A total of 59 biomarkers were identified relating to burn presence,specifically relating to processes involved in inflammation,wound healing,growth and *** addition,biomarkers involved in the stress response cascade following a burn trauma were also *** many biomarkers have been identified that are potentially associated with burn-related physical and psychological trauma,an understanding of burn biology is still lacking in *** propose that future research in the field of children’s burns should be conducted using broad screening methods for identifying potential biomarkers,examine the biological interactions of different biomarkers,utilize child-appropriate biological fluids such as urine or saliva,and include a range of different severity *** further research,the biological response to burn injury may be fully realized and clinically relevant diagnostic tests and treatment therapies utilizing these biomarkers could be developed,for the improvement of healing outcomes in paediatric burn patients.

关键词： Paediatric burns Biomarker Inflammatory Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Physical trauma Psychological trauma

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Factors Affecting the Outlook for Medium-term to Long-term Growth in China

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China & World Economy 2016年第5期24卷 20-41页

作者： justin Yifu Lin Guanghua Wan Peter j. morgan Director Center for New Structural Economics National School of Development PekingUniversity China Director Research Department Asian Development Bank Institute Japan Senior Consultant for Research Research Department Asian Development Bank Institute Japan

China achieved average GDP growth of nearly 10 percent over the period 1978-2015. However, how long can such high levels of growth be sustained, especially when per capita GDP levels have reached middle-income status, and the normal tendency of economies is to slow down as they mature？ This paper reviews the recent literature on the determinants and outlook for real GDP growth in China and addresses some of the key issues, including identifying supply-side factors that can support continued strong growth under favorable conditions, as well as risk factors that might cause growth to fall short. The paper reviews supply-side determinants of growth using a growth accounting framework, and also assesses major demand-side factors driving potential growth, including exports, capital formation and household consumption.

关键词： China demand-side factors long-term growth supply-side factors total factor productivity

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The influence of metabolic disorders on adaptive immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第10期21卷 1109-1119页

作者： Thomas j.C.Collins Pooranee K.morgan Kevin Man Graeme I.Lancaster Andrew j.Murphy Division of Immunometabolism Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVIC3004Australia Department of Immunology Monash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity MelbourneVIC3000Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3052Australia

The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from invading pathogens and maintaining tissue *** homoeostatic lipid metabolism is an important aspect of efficient immune cell function and when disrupted immune cell function is *** are numerous metabolic diseases whereby systemic lipid metabolism and cellular function is *** the context of metabolic disorders,chronic inflammation is suggested to be a major contributor to disease progression.A major contributor to tissue dysfunction in metabolic disease is ectopic lipid deposition,which is generally caused by diet and genetic ***,we propose the idea,that similar to tissue and organ damage in metabolic disorders,excessive accumulation of lipid in immune cells promotes a dysfunctional immune system(beyond the classical foam cell)and contributes to disease ***,we review the evidence that lipid accumulation through diet can modulate the production and function of immune cells by altering cellular lipid *** can impact immune cell signalling,activation,migration,and death,ultimately affecting key aspects of the immune system such as neutralising pathogens,antigen presentation,effector cell activation and resolving inflammation.

关键词： Immunity Metabolic Disorders Lipid Metabolism Cell Metabolism Immunometabolism Cancer

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