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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第2期15卷 310-319页

作者： Li Zhang Xiang Liu Shurong Zhou bill Shipley College of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036 China 2State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-EcosystemInstitute of Innovation EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 China 3Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of ForestryHainan UniversityHaikou 570228 China 4Département de BiologieUniversitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQC J1K 2R1Canada

While recent studies have shown the importance of intraspecific trait variation in the processes of community assembly,we still know little about the contributions of intraspecific trait variability to ecosystem ***,we conducted a functional group removal experiment in an alpine meadow in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over 4 years to investigate the relative importance of inter-and intraspecific variability in plant height for *** split total variability in plant height within each of 75 manipulated communities into interspecific variability(TV_(inter))and intraspecific variability within a community(ITV_(within)).Community-weighted mean height among communities was decomposed into fixed community-weighted mean(CWM_(fixed))and intraspecific variability among communities(ITV_(among)).We constructed a series of generalized additive mixed models and piecewise structural equation modeling to determine how trait variability(***_(inter),ITV_(within),CWM_(fixed) and ITV_(among))indirectly mediated the changes in productivity in response to functional group *** productivity was not only affected directly by treatment manipulations,but also increased with both inter-and intraspecific variability(***_(fixed) and ITV_(among))in plant height *** suggests that both the‘selection effect’and a‘shade-avoidance syndrome’can incur higher CWM_(fixed) and ITV_(among),and may simultaneously operate to regulate *** findings provide new evidence that,besides interspecific variability,intraspecific trait variability in plant height also plays a role in maintaining net primary productivity.

关键词： aboveground net primary productivity alpine meadow interspecific trait variability intraspecific trait variability plant height

Committing to Collaboration:The Communique of the First Global Education Deans Forum

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ECNU Review of Education 2019年第1期2卷 111-112页

作者： bill McDiarmid Dean and Alumni Distinguished Professor EmeritusThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chair Professor East China Normal UniversityShanghai

Valuing opportunities to learn from scholars around the world,East China Normal University(ECNU)has for more than a decade aggressively pursued the goal of expanding its global *** scholars and students have studied a... 详细信息

关键词： has scholars expanding

Investigation of operational parameters for an industrial CFB combustor of coal,biomass and sludge

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China Particuology 2007年第4期5卷 247-254页

作者： Manon Van de Velden Jan Baeyens bill Dougan Alan McMurdo Department of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham United Kingdom UPM-Kymmene Caledonian Paper Ltd.AyrUnited Kingdom

The combustion of coal and/or biomass （sludge, wood waste, RDF, etc.） in a circulating fluidized bed has been a commercial topper for over 20 years, and references to principles and applications are numerous and widespread although few data are presented concerning the operation of large scale CFB-units. The authors studied the CFB-combustion at UPM-Kymmene （Ayr）, a major paper mill relying for its steam production upon the combustion of coal （80-85 %）, wood bark （5-10%） and wastewater treatment sludge （5-10%）. The maximum capacity of the CFB is 58 MWth. A complete diagnostic of the operation was made, and additional tests were performed to assess the operating mode. The plant schematics, relevant dimensions and process data are given. To assess the operation of the UPM-CFB, it is important to review essential design parameters and principles of CFB combustors, which will be discussed in detail to include required data, heat balance and flowrates, operating versus transport velocity, kinetics and conversion （including the possible effect of the Bouduard reaction if carbon is present）. Since the residence time in the riser and the cyclone efficiency determine the burnout of circulating fuel-particles, the UPM-CFB was subjected to a stimulus response technique using nickel oxide as tracer. Results illustrate the efficiency of the cyclone separation and the number of recycle loops for particles of a given size. Results will also be used to assess the cyclone operation and efficiency and to comment upon expected and measured carbon conversion.

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Combustion Coal Biomass Operation Cyclone

Understanding the microscopic moisture migration in pore space using DEM simulation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第2期7卷 171-177页

作者： Yuan Guo Xiong(bill) Yu Department of Civil Engineering Case Western Reserve University

The deformation of soil skeleton and migration of pore fluid are the major factors relevant to the triggeringof and damages by liquefaction. The influence of pore fluid migration during earthquake has beendemonstrated from recent model experiments and field case studies. Most of the current liquefactionassessment models are based on testing of isotropic liquefiable materials. However the recent NewZealand earthquake shows much severer damages than those predicted by existing models. A fundamentalcause has been contributed to the embedded layers of low permeability silts. The existence ofthese silt layers inhibits water migration under seismic loads, which accelerated liquefaction and causeda much larger settlement than that predicted by existing theories. This study intends to understand theprocess of moisture migration in the pore space of sand using discrete element method （DEM） *** were conducted on consolidated undrained triaxial testing of sand where a cylindersample of sand was built and subjected to a constant confining pressure and axial loading. The porositydistribution was monitored during the axial loading process. The spatial distribution of porosity changewas determined, which had a direct relationship with the distribution of excess pore water pressure. Thenon-uniform distribution of excess pore water pressure causes moisture migration. From this, themigration of pore water during the loading process can be estimated. The results of DEM simulationshow a few important observations：（1） External forces are mainly carried and transmitted by the particlechains of the soil sample; （2） Porosity distribution during loading is not uniform due to nonhomogeneoussoil fabric （i.e. the initial particle arrangement and existence of particle chains）; （3）Excess pore water pressure develops differently at different loading stages. At the early stage of loading,zones with a high initial porosity feature higher porosity changes under the influence of e

关键词： Moisture migration Consolidated undrained triaxial test Particle chains Porosity distribution Pore water pressure

A change of leadership at JIPB: A message to theplant sciences community

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 2-3页

作者： Chun-Ming Liu William (bill) Lucas Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Biology University of California

On January 1,2019,a well-planned changeover took place in the management of *** this date,professor zhizhong Gong at the China Agricultural University,and professor Kang Chong at the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,assumed their roles as *** Wei-Hua Wu joined the JIPB board as Chief Scientific Advisor at the same *** the past decade,we have guided JIPB,with the goal of providing our authors with professional guidance and mentorship and offering our readers access to important new findings,in order to advance knowledge in the plant sciences.

关键词： JIPB sciences

Towards safe and comfortable high-speed transportation infrastructure

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第11期13卷 799-801页

作者： Ren-peng CHEN Xiong (bill) YU MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA

In the past decades,we have witnessed the rapid development of high-speed transportation infrastructure,such as high-speed railways,urban subways,expressways,and airfields *** a major effort in transportation infrastructure development,China plans to build 20 000 km of high-speed rail network by the year of 2020 with design speed up to 500 km/*** such a fast pace,ensuring the safe and comfortable high-speed transportation presents major technical challenges to the design,construction,and maintenance of high performance infrastructure.

关键词：交通基础设施建设舒适安全高速铁路城市地铁高速公路交通运输铁路网络

Management disclosure of risk factors and COVID‑19

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1557-1565页

作者： Tim Loughran bill McDonald University of Notre Dame Notre DameUSA

Public companies in the United States are required to file annual reports(i.e.,Form 10-K)and disclose,among other things,the risk factors that may harm their stock *** risk of a pandemic was well-known before the recent crisis,and we now know that the initial impact on many shareholders was significant and *** what extent did managers forewarn their shareholders about this valuation risk?We examine all 10-K filings from 2018,before any knowledge of the current pandemic,and find that less than 21%of them contain any reference to pandemic-related *** the management’s presumed in-depth knowledge of their business and the general awareness that pandemics have been identified as a significant global risk for at least the past decade,this number should have been *** find an unexpectedly posi-tive correlation(0.137)between the use of pandemic-related words in annual reports and realized stock returns during the actual pandemic at the industry *** industries most severely impacted by COVID-19 barely mentioned pandemic risk in their financial disclosures to shareholders,indicating that managers were ineffective in highlighting their exposure to pandemic risks to investors.

关键词： Pandemic COVID-19 Form 10-K Risk factors

Carbon capture and sequestration:The roles of agriculture and soils

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 1-8页

作者： bill Stout Rattan Lal Curtis Monger Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824USA Texas A&M University College StationTexas 77843-2117USA Carbon Management and Sequestration Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Pedology and Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA

Renewable energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is highly desirable,but the reality is that fossil fuels(especially coal and petroleum)will be major sources of global energy for many decades to ***,carbon capture is vital to reduce release of carbon emissions and other GHG’s to the atmosphere thereby mitigating global *** presentation is a review of the role of agriculture and soils in carbon *** sequestration in soils is the process of transferring CO2 from the atmosphere into soils through crop *** carbon sequestration increases with practices long recommended to increase yields,such as no-till,manure application,agroforestry and cover *** is a Win-Win-Win strategy―advancing food security,improving the environment,and mitigating global *** enrichment in greenhouse culture is in widespread use and has been adopted by many commercial *** results in remarkable increases in yields of flowers and *** has shown the same increase in yields of trees and field crops with higher CO2 *** question is,how can CO2 be applied to field crops to increase yields?Restoration of desertified lands would improve soil quality,increase the pool of C in soils and forests,reduce CO2 emission to the atmosphere,and improve soil *** of additional carbon in soils would reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere thus mitigating global *** of forests is important,but real trees have ecological *** trees could be used to absorb CO2 from the air any place on the planet,from any source―power plants,vehicles,and all industrial *** of CO2 in irrigation water could reduce the pH and help restore alkaline *** is needed to further clarify the cost and benefit of many agriculture technologies for capturing and storing carbon.

关键词： carbon capture sequestration soils agriculture parasitic cost of carbon capture and sequestration

Integrating the ISO 14034 standard as a platform for carbon capture and utilization technology performance evaluation

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Clean Energy 2021年第4期5卷 600-610页

作者： Tim Hansen Kevin McCabe bill Chatterton Michael Leitch 350Solutions Inc.1053 E.Whitaker Mill RdSuite 115RaleighNC 27604USA XPRIZE Foundation 800 Corporate PointeSuite 350Culver CityCA 90230USA

Independent testing and verification of emerging technologies are vital parts of the technology-commercialization *** the rapid development of carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technologies,where existing standards and certifications do not exist,independent verification approaches and guidelines can provide a means to obtain credible information for an emerging *** ISO 14034:2016-Environmental Management:Environmental Technology Verification(ETV)standard can serve as a foundational platform to ensure the consistency,quality and credibility of data on CCU technology performance,enabling direct comparisons between technologies and reducing risk to decision-makers regarding potential investment,future deployment and ultimate impacts of CCU *** the fundamental principles of ISO 14034 to the evaluation of nine finalist CCU technologies competing in the NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE ensured that data used to evaluate competitors was of high quality,consistent across technologies and met the information needs of the XPRIZE and competition judges responsible for selecting *** approaches outlined here,including verification parameters and verification tasks for both XPRIZE-specific technology evaluations and full CCU technology evaluation by an accredited entity in conformance with the ISO 14034 standard,provide insight into the potential benefits-methodological consistency,high-quality data,independent oversight,methodological flexibility and broad applicability-and limitations-technology readiness and applicability,verification and instrumentation costs and lack of specificity-of the approach in an application for the evaluation of emerging *** application of the ISO 14034 standard and principles,developed through a consensus approach that incorporates other developing guidelines,can drive consistency and credibility for technology-performance evaluations across the CCU sector,ultimately leading to reduced risk and impr

关键词： carbon capture CCUS chemical engineering coal energy and environment fossil energy