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Novel Photoinitiated Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Kinetics, and Mechanism of Complex of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate with Imidazole

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2009年第2期25卷 138-142页

作者： MAJID Kowsar AHMAD siraj MALIK Mukhtar Ahmad Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology

Photoinitiated substitution complex of [Fe（CN）6]^4- with imidazole has been synthesized and characterized. On the basis of elemental analysis, the empirical molecular formula of the complex is K4[Fe（CN）5（C3H4N2）]·4H2O. The substitution of aquo ligand produced as a result of photoexcitation by imidazole has been confirmed by various spectroscopic thechniques like UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The characteristic FTIR and NMR absorption peaks for different entities present support the assigned formula. The presence of cyanide and imidazole ligands is shown by FTIR absorption peaks at 2046 cm^-1 due to v（C≡N） and at 1447 and 1619 cm^-1 due to v（C=N） and v（C=C） stretching vibration of the aromatic ring of imidazole, hence, confirming the assigned formula and photoinitiated substitution process. ^1HNMR also shows the peaks for aromatic hydrogen confirming again the presence of imidazole in the complex, further supporting the successful photoinitiated process. The water outside the coordination sphere has been confirmed from FTIR peaks and thermal analysis. Thermal kinetics and mechanistic studies have also been carried out by TG and DSC, Thermodynamics parameters such as activation energy（Ea）, preexponential factor（A）, and entropy of activation（Aft） have been calculated for each step via different methods like Doyle＇s, Coats, and Redfern and Arrehenius.

关键词： Photochemistry Potassium he.xacyanoferrate Imidazole Photosubstitution FTIR

Vegetation-environment relationship in Pinus wallichiana forests of the Swat Hindukush range of Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 185-195页

作者： Inayat Ur Rahman Nasrullah Khan Kishwar Ali siraj Ahmad Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Dendrochronology Department of BotanyUniversity of Malakand

Understanding the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of ecological communities is essential to predict the response of vegetation to various environmental *** theory suggests that multiple environmental factors shape local species assemblages and should influence the various components of community structure and composition in different *** study aimed to classify Pinus wallichiana dominated forests in the Swat Hindukush range mountains to understand the relative influence of multiple environmental filters on its composition and *** forests represent the most typical of the species distribution in northern Pakistan and were not subjected to any phytosociological *** this purpose,thirty forest stands,spanning a wide range of physical habitats were sampled using 10 x 10 m plots and the importance value index was *** floristic and environmental data were subjected to Ward’s agglomerative cluster analysis for objective classification and ordinated with NMS ordination for pattern description and testing the vegetation-environmental *** floristically and ecologically distinct communities were recognized along the topographic gradient(elevation,r=0.377;slope,r=0.5548) coupled with soil physical(clay,r=0.2782;silt,r=0.3225) and chemical properties(pH,r=0.4975;lime,r=3982).An elevation gradient of 100 m separated the low(Pinus wallichiana-Quercus dilatata community)and middle elevations forest stands(*** pure population) from the highland population type(Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus deodara community).The floristics and structure of these forest types respond directly or indirectly to topographic and soil variables which were evidenced from the floristic composition,species richness,and community *** characteristics of the communities changed from heterogenous,dense stands to sparsely dispersed conifers,broadleaved-evergreen,and deciduous vegetation types along

关键词： Blue pine forests Classification-ordination Ecological gradient Hindukush range mountains Species composition

On the Approximation of Fractal-Fractional Differential Equations Using Numerical Inverse Laplace Transform Methods

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第6期135卷 2743-2765页

作者： Kamran siraj Ahmad Kamal Shah Thabet Abdeljawad Bahaaeldin Abdalla Department of Mathematics Islamia College PeshawarKhyber Pakhtoon KhwaPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityP.O.Box 66833Riyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of MalakandChakdara Dir(L)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18000Pakistan Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan

Laplace transform is one of the powerful tools for solving differential equations in engineering and other science *** the Laplace transform for solving differential equations,however,sometimes leads to solutions in the Laplace domain that are not readily invertible to the real domain by ***,we need numerical inversionmethods to convert the obtained solution fromLaplace domain to a real *** this paper,we propose a numerical scheme based on Laplace transform and numerical inverse Laplace transform for the approximate solution of fractal-fractional differential equations with orderα,β.Our proposed numerical scheme is based on three main ***,we convert the given fractal-fractional differential equation to fractional-differential equation in Riemann-Liouville sense,and then into Caputo ***,we transformthe fractional differential equation in Caputo sense to an equivalent equation in Laplace *** the solution of the transformed equation is obtained in Laplace ***,the solution is converted into the real domain using numerical inversion of Laplace *** inversion methods are evaluated in this paper,and their convergence is also *** test problems are used to validate the inversion *** demonstrate our results with the help of tables and *** obtained results show that Euler’s and Talbot’s methods performed better than Stehfest’s method.

关键词： Fractal-fractional differential equation power law kernel exponential decay kernel Mittag-Leffler kernel Laplace transform Euler’s method Talbot’s method Stehfest’s method

A Differential Quadrature Based Approach for Volterra Partial Integro-Differential Equation with a Weakly Singular Kernel

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第9期124卷 915-935页

作者： siraj-ul-Islam Arshed Ali Aqib Zafar Iltaf Hussain Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Mathematics Islamia College PeshawarKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

Differential quadrature method is employed by numerous researchers due to its numerical accuracy and computational efficiency,and is mentioned as potential alternative of conventional numerical *** this paper,a differential quadrature based numerical scheme is developed for solving volterra partial integro-differential equation of second order having a weakly singular *** scheme uses cubic trigonometric B-spline functions to determine the weighting coefficients in the differential quadrature approximation of the second order spatial *** advantage of this approximation is that it reduces the problem to a first order time dependent integro-differential equation(IDE).The proposed scheme is obtained in the form of an algebraic system by reducing the time dependent IDE through unconditionally stable Euler backward method as time *** scheme is validated using a homogeneous and two nonhomogeneous test *** of the system matrix and numerical convergence of the method are analyzed for spatial and temporal domain discretization *** of results of the present approach with Sinc collocation method and quasi-wavelet method are also made.

关键词： Partial integro-differential equation differential quadrature cubic trigonometric B-spline functions weakly singular kernel

Innovative strategies toward challenges in PV-powered electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 410-416页

作者： siraj Sultan Jin Hyun Kim Seung Hyeon Kim Youngkook Kwon Jae Sung Lee Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919South Korea

The solar energy-driven electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to value-added fuels or chemicals is considered as an attractive path to store renewable energy in the form of chemical energy to close the carbon ***,CO_(2)reduction suffers from a number of challenges including slow reaction rates,low selectivity,and low energy conversion ***,innovative strategies have been developed to mitigate this *** the development of flow cell reactors with a gas diffusion electrode,ionic liquid electrolytes,and new electrocatalysts have dramatically improved the reaction rates and selectivity to desired *** this perspective,we highlight the key recent developments and challenges in PVpowered electrochemical CO_(2)reduction and propose effective strategies to improve the reaction kinetics,to minimize the electrical energy losses,and to tune the selectivity of the catalysts for desired products,and then suggest future direction of research and development.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Photovoltaic cell Ionic liquid electrolytes Flow cell electrolyzers Gas diffusion electrode

Pharmacodynamics of aminoglycosides and tetracycline derivatives against Japanese encephalitis virus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第3期9卷 236-240页

作者： Rashmee Topno siraj Ahmed Khan Pritom Chowdhury Jagadish Mahanta Regional Medical Research Centre ICMR(NE Region)

Objective:To explore the antiviral activity of antibiotic compounds,mainly aminoglycosides and tetracyclines against Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) induced infection in ***:Antiviral activity were evaluated against JEV using cytopathic effect inhibition assay,virus yield reduction assay,caspase 3 level,extracellular viral detection by antigen capture ELISA and viral RNA ***:JEV induced cytopathic effect along with reduction of viral progeny plaque formation indicated antiviral potential of the compounds suggesting that antibiotics had broad spectrum *** and kanamycin administration in dose dependent manner declined viral RNA ***:The present study shows kanamycin and doxycyclinc can affect virion structure and alter replication causing inhibition of JEV induced pathogenesis in vitro.

关键词： Japanese encephalitis virus 2 DOS aminoglycoside Doxycycline Kanamycin

Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第9期5卷 527-530页

作者： J.W.Haus M.siraj P.Prasad P.Markowicz Electro-Optics Program University of DaytonDaytonOH 45469-0245 State University of New York at Buffalo Institute for LasersPhotonics and BiophotonicsBuffaloNY 14260-3000

In a photonic crystal composed of anisotropic constituents we quantify the range of input angles and the degree of collimation of the beam inside the crystal. The optical properties of a photobleached 4- dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate （DAST） crystal are used in our model to demonstrate the efficacy of the self-collimation features.

关键词： Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

Bug Prioritization Using Average One Dependence Estimator

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 3517-3533页

作者： Kashif Saleem Rashid Naseem Khalil Khan siraj Muhammad Ikram Syed Jaehyuk Choi Department of IT and Computer Science Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyPakAustriaFochhshuleHaripurPakistan Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore54660Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalUpper DirKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakitan School of Computing Gachon University1342Seongnam-daeroSujeong-guSeongnam-si13120Korea

Automation software need to be continuously updated by addressing software bugs contained in their ***,bugs have different levels of importance;hence,it is essential to prioritize bug reports based on their sever-ity and *** managing the deluge of incoming bug reports faces time and resource constraints from the development team and delays the resolu-tion of critical ***,bug report prioritization is *** study pro-poses a new model for bug prioritization based on average one dependence estimator;it prioritizes bug reports based on severity,which is determined by the number of *** more the number of attributes,the more the *** proposed model is evaluated using precision,recall,F1-Score,accuracy,G-Measure,and Matthew’s correlation *** of the proposed model are compared with those of the support vector machine(SVM)and Naive Bayes(NB)*** and Mozilla datasetswere used as the sources of bug *** proposed model improved the bug repository management and out-performed the SVM and NB ***,the proposed model used a weaker attribute independence supposition than the former models,thereby improving prediction accuracy with minimal computational cost.

关键词： Bug report triaging prioritization support vector machine Naive Bayes

Review on Estimation of Crop Water Requirement, Irrigation Frequency and Water Use Efficiency of Cabbage Production

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第7期5卷 59-69页

作者： siraj Beshir Department of Natural Resource Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Madda Walabu Univeraity Bale Robe Ethiopia

Water is the major limiting factor for crop production. A lot of water resources have been exploited for irrigation purpose. Therefore, the objective of this review paper was to collect information on cabbage water requirement, irrigation scheduling and water use efficiency by triangulating different literatures on the topic. Nowadays on worldwide there is a water-shortage, accordingly it is necessary to adopt water saving agriculture as a counter measure as well as efficient use of irrigation water is becoming increasingly important. In growing crop, irrigation scheduling is a critical management input to ensure optimum soil moisture status for proper plant growth and development as well as for optimum yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits. Thus according reviewed literatures on average twice a week irrigation scheduling and 2.57 - 5.81 mm/day of crop water requirement is more visible for cabbage production. In addition, climate models were reviewed in detail in this paper CROPWAT 8.0 and DSSAT reproduce acceptably the unimodal and bimodal shapes of the annual variation of rainfall and temperature respectively;there is a time shift between the observed and simulated peaks. Therefore it is essential to develop irrigation scheduling strategies under local climatic conditions to utilize scarce water resources efficiently and effectively for crop production.

关键词： Water Use Efficiency Scheduling Water Requirement Climate Model