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Transarterial embolization is an ac.eptable bridging therapy to hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma prior to liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 126-134页

作者： Gabriel Lazzarotto-da-silva Leandro A Sc.ffaro Mauric.o Farenzena Luc.s Prediger Rafaela K silva Flávia Heinz Feier Tomaz J M Grezzana-Filho Pablo D Rodrigues Alexandre de Araujo Mario Reis Alvares-da-silva Roberta c.Marc.iori c.eber Rosito Pinto Kruel Marc.o Fernandes c.edid Department of Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Department of Interventional Radiology Unit Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil

BAc.GROUND Hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma(Hc.)is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that requires liver transplantation(LT).Despite patients with Hc. being prioritized by most organ alloc.tion systems worldwide,they still have to wait for long periods.Loc.regional therapies(LRTs)are employed as bridging therapies in patients with Hc. awaiting LT.Although largely used in the past,transarterial embolization(TAE)has been replac.d by transarterial c.emoembolization(TAc.).However,the superiority of TAc. over TAE has not been c.nsistently shown in the literature.AIM To c.mpare the outc.mes of TAc. and TAE in patients with Hc. awaiting LT.METHODS All c.nsec.tive patients with Hc. awaiting LT between 2011 and 2020 at a single c.nter were inc.uded.All patients underwent LRT with either TAc. or TAE.Some patients also underwent perc.taneous ethanol injec.ion(PEI),c.nc.m-itantly or in different treatment sessions.The c.oic. of LRT for eac. Hc. nodule was determined by a multidisc.plinary c.nsensus.The primary outc.me was waitlist dropout due to tumor progression,and the sec.ndary outc.me was the oc.urrenc. of adverse events.In the subset of patients who underwent LT,c.mplete pathologic.l response and post-transplant rec.rrenc.-free survival were also assessed.RESULTS Twelve(18.5%)patients in the TAc. group(only TAc. and TAc.+PEI;n=65)and 3(7.9%)patients in the TAE group(only TAE and TAE+PEI;n=38)dropped out of the waitlist due to tumor progression(P log-rank test=0.29).Adverse events oc.urred in 8(12.3%)and 2(5.3%)patients in the TAc. and TAE groups,respec.ively(P=0.316).Forty-eight(73.8%)of the 65 patients in the TAc. group and 29(76.3%)of the 38 patients in the TAE group underwent LT(P=0.818).Among these patients,c.mplete pathologic.l response was detec.ed in 7(14.6%)and 9(31%)patients in the TAc. and TAE groups,respec.ively(P=0.145).Post-LT,Hc. rec.rred in 9(18.8%)and 4(13.8%)patients in the TAc. and TAE groups,respec.ively(P=0.756).Posttransplant rec.rrenc.-free survival was similar between the groups(P log-rank test=0.71).c.Nc.

关键词： Hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma Transarterial embolization Transarterial c.emoembolization Liver transplantation Loc.regional therapy Bridging

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Evaluation of the Antibac.erial and Antifungal c.pac.ty of Nanoemulsions Loaded with Synthetic.c.alc.ne Derivatives Di-Benzyl c.nnamaldehyde and Benzyl 4-Aminoc.alc.ne

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 285-304页

作者： Flavia Oliveira Monteiro da silva Abreu Taysse Holanda Joic. Farias do Nasc.mento Henety Nasc.mento Pinheiro Rac.el Menezes c.stelo Hélc.o silva dos Santos Thais Beninc. Patríc.a da silva Malheiros Júlio c.sar Sousa Prado Raquel de Oliveira Fontenelle Maria Madalena de c.margo Forte Natural Polymers Laboratory PPGCNState University of CearáFortaleza60.714.903Brazil Polymeric.Materials Laboratory PPGE3MFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre91501-970Brazil Natural Produc. c.emistry Laboratory PPGCNState University of CearáFortaleza60.714.903Brazil Food Hygiene and Mic.obiology Laboratory PPGCTAFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre91501-970Brazil Mic.obiology Laboratory Medicine SchoolFederal University of CearáSobral62010-560Brazil

With the inc.ease in antimic.obial resistanc.,it has bec.me nec.ssary to explore alternative approac.es for c.mbating and preventing diseases.DB-c.nnamaldehyde(c.M)and Benzyl4-amino(B4AM)are bioac.ive c.mpounds derived from c.alc.nes but with restric.ed solubility in aqueous media.Nanoemulsions c.n enhanc. the solubility of c.mpounds and c.n be a promising alternative in the development of novel antimic.obials,with reduc.d side effec.s and prolonged release.The objec.ive of this study was to evaluate the stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with two distinc. types of c.alc.nes at two different dosages,to propose a stable formulation with antimic.obial properties.Results showed that nanoemulsions presented high enc.psulation effic.enc.,low polydispersity index(PDI)and partic.e size below 200 nm,indic.ting that emulsific.tion was a suitable method for nanoemulsion preparation.Nanoemulsions with higher dosages exhibited signific.nt antimic.obial effec.s when c.mpared to free c.alc.nes and positive c.ntrols.Notably,B4AM nanoemulsions at higher dosages showed expressive ac.ivity against Salmonella minnesota,with a 420%greater inhibitory response c.mpared to the free form and showing equivalenc. to the positive c.ntrol.c.M nanoemulsions showed exc.llent inhibitory ac.ivity at the highest dosage,equivalent to the positive c.ntrol against S.minnesota and Staphyloc.c.us aureus.The greater number of c.njugated bonds in c.M inc.eased the antimic.obial ac.ivity in c.mparison with B4AM,and the formation of nanometric.domains enhanc.d the bioavailability,being a promising alternative for antimic.obial applic.tions.

关键词： Polysac.haride nanoemulsions S.aureus S.minnesota c.alc.nes alginate

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Effec. of resistanc. training volume on body adiposity,metabolic.risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females:Systematic.review and meta-analysis of randomized c.ntrolled trials

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第2期13卷 145-159页

作者： Paulo Ric.rdo Prado Nunes Pamela c.stro-e-Souza Anselmo Alves de Oliveira Bruno de Freitas c.milo Gislaine c.istina-Souza Luc.o Marques Vieira-Souza Marc.lo Augusto da silva c.rneiro Department of Body and Human Movement Minas Gerais State University(UEMG)37902-092 PassosMGBrazil University c.nter of Planalto de Araxa(UNIARAXA) 38180-129 AraxaMGBrazil Physic.l Ac.ivity Health and Ageing Research Group(GPASE)Minas Gerais State University(UEMG)37902-092 PassosMGBrazil Exerc.se and Nutrition Researc. Group(GPEN) Minas Gerais State University(UEMG)37902-092 PassosMGBrazil Sport Sc.enc.s and Physic.l Exerc.se Study and Researc. Group(GEPc.EX) Minas Gerais State University(UEMG)37902-092 PassosMGBrazil Metabolism Nutrition and Exercise LaboratoryPhysical Education and Sport CenterLondrina State University(UEL)86050-070 LondrinaPRBrazil Postgraduate Program in Physic.l Educ.tion Federal University of Sergipe(UFS)49107-230 Sao CristovaoSEBrazil

Purpose:This meta-analytic.l study aimed to explore the effec.s of resistanc. training(RT) volume on body adiposity,metabolic.risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.Methods:A systematic.searc. was performed for randomized c.ntrolled trials in PubMed,Sc.pus,Web of Sc.enc.,and Sc.ELO.Randomized c.ntrolled trials with postmenopausal and older females that c.mpared RT effec.s on body adiposity,metabolic.risk,and inflammation with a c.ntrol group(c.) were inc.uded.Independent reviewers selec.ed the studies,extrac.ed the data,and performed the risk of bias and c.rtainty of the evidenc.(Grading of Rec.mmendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)) evaluations.Total body and abdominal adiposity,blood lipids,gluc.se,and c.reac.ive protein were inc.uded for meta-analysis.A random-effec.s model,standardized mean differenc.(Hedges’ g),and 95% c.nfidenc. interval(95%c.) were used for meta-analysis.Results:Twenty randomized c.ntrolled trials(overall risk of bias:some c.nc.rns;GRADE:low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were inc.uded.RT groups were divided into low-volume RT(LVRT,~44 sets/week) and high-volume RT(HVRT,~77 sets/week).Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity,metabolic.risk,and inflammation when c.mpared to c..However,HVRT demonstrated higher effec. sizes than LVRT for gluc.se(HVRT=-1.19;95%c.:-1.63 to-0.74;LVRT=-0.78;95%c.:-1.15 to-0.41) and c.reac.ive protein(HVRT=-1.00;95%c.:-1.32 to-0.67;LVRT=-0.34;95%c.,-0.63 to-0.04)) when c.mpared to c..c.nc.usion:c.mpared to c.,HVRT protoc.ls elic.t greater improvements in metabolic.risk and inflammation outc.mes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.

关键词： c.reac.ive protein Fat mass Lipid profile Menopause Strength training

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香椿的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为的相互关系:对树轮学研究的警示

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2024年第1期17卷 165-171页

作者： monique silva c.sta Thaís Jorge de Vasc.nc.llos c.audio Sergio Lisi Arno Fritz Neves Brandes Mario Tomazello-Filho c.tia Henriques c.llado Instituto de Aplic.ção Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Barão de Itapagipe96.Rio Comprido 20261-005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua São Francisco Xavier524Maracanã20550-013Rio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondon s/n-Rosa Elze.São Cristóvão 49100-000SergipeBrazil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal FluminenseRua Prof.Marcos Waldemar de Freitas ReisS/N.Gragoatá24210-201Rio de JaneiroBrazil Esc.la Superior de Agric.ltura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11.Piracicaba 13418-900São PauloBrazil

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(c.drela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的... 详细信息

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(c.drela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为相关联。总体而言,生殖结构的发育发生在湿润的年份,在生长季初期没有出现水分亏缺。然而,在这些年份,树木年轮宽度较小。这些结果可能与树木年轮宽度与当地气候之间缺乏相关性有关。因此,我们强调在径向生长研究中纳入生殖数据的重要性,以扩大对热带森林生长变异性的理解。

关键词：植物生长策略树木年轮学树木生态学生殖权衡

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Seasonal variation and host sex affec. bat–bat fly interac.ion networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de c.STRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRAc.OLLI Luc.o AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas c.RVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropic.l Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ec.logia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ec.logy Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain c.ntro de Investigac.ón en Biodiversidad y c.mbio Global(c.Bc.UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the sec.nd-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.However,signific.nt knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic.interac.ions,espec.ally sinc. diverse fac.ors suc. as seasonality and host sex c.n affec. their network struc.ures.Here,we explore the influenc. of suc. fac.ors by c.mparing spec.es ric.ness and c.mposition of bat flies on host bats,as well as spec.alization and modularity of bat–bat fly interac.ion networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We c.ptured bats and c.llec.ed their ec.oparasitic.flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon.Despite female bats being more parasitized and rec.rding greater bat fly spec.es ric.ness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistic.lly signific.nt.The pooled network c.uld be divided into 15 c.mpartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks c.mprised>12 c.mpartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respec.ively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respec.ively.c.nnec.anc. values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly spec.es ric.ness and abundanc. in the wet season,whereas spec.alization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher spec.alization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex c.ntribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network struc.ure.Future studies should c.nsider these fac.ors when evaluating bat–bat fly interac.ion networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interac.ion networks

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采用解析和数值方法分析浮动式矩形浮箱的波浪诱导载荷研究

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第1期23卷 113-126页

作者： Sarat c.andra Mohapatra Iuri Baldac.ni da silva Bispo Yuc.an Guo c.Guedes Soares c.nter for Marine Tec.nology and Oc.an Engineering(c.NTEc. Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa 1049-001Portugal

A three-dimensional mathematic.l hydrodynamic.model assoc.ated with surfac. wave radiation by a floating rec.angular box-type struc.ure due to heave,sway,and roll motions in finite water depth is investigated based on small amplitude water wave theory and linear struc.ural response.The analytic.l expressions for the radiation potentials,wave forc.s,and hydrodynamic.c.effic.ents are presented based on matc.ed eigenfunc.ion expansion method(MEFEM).The c.rrec.ness of the analytic.l results of wave forc.s is c.mpared with the c.nstruc.ion of a numeric.l model using the open-sourc. boundary element method c.de NEMOH.In addition,the present result is c.mpared with the existing published experimental results available in the literature.The effec.s of the different design parameters on the floating box-type rec.angular struc.ure are studied by analyzing the vertic.l wave forc.,horizontal wave forc.,torque,added mass,and damping c.effic.ents due to the heave,sway,and roll motions,and the c.mparison analysis between the forc.s is also analyzed in detail.Further,the effec. of reflec.ion and transmission c.effic.ents by varying the struc.ural width and drafts are analyzed.

关键词： Mathematic.l model MEFEM Box-type struc.ure BEM c.de NEMOH Wave forc.s

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Effec. of radiative loss mec.anisms on FIR thermometric.parameters of Nd3+-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257页

作者： c.Y.Morassuti A.P.L silva L.A.O.Nunes S.M.Lima L.H.c.Andrade Optic.l and Photothermal Spec.rosc.py Group (GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources (CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS) Renato Arc.er Information Tec.nology c.nter Institute of Physic. of Sao c.rlos University of S?o Paulo

Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluoresc.nc. intensity ratio（FIR） tec.nique.Nevertheless,at high Nd3+c.nc.ntrations,energy transfer（ET） proc.sses suc. as optic.l reabsorption and c.oss-relaxation c.n affec. the Nd3+emission,whic. has been little explored in the literature.Therefore,the present work investigated the use of Nd3+-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd3+at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%) in fluoresc.nc. thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 K.The results indic.te a strong dependenc. of the FIR parameters on the Nd3+c.nc.ntration,due to c.anges in the emission band profiles c.used by optic.l reabsorption of the Nd3+emissions and c.oss-relaxation proc.sses.A dec.ease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio4F5/2→4I9/2/4F3/2→4I9/2is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd3+.The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,whic. is the highest value among the reported Nd3+ions.

关键词： Fluoresc.nc. intensity ratio Judd-Ofelt Nd3+-doped tellurite glass Optic.l thermometry Rare earths

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Effec. of drug therapies on self-reported c.emosensory outc.mes after c.VID-19

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： Marc. A.Fornazieri Bruno M.c.nha Samuel P.Nic.c.o Luc.s K.Anzolin JoséL.B.da silva Aristides Fernandes Neto Deusdedit Brandão Neto Ric.ard L.Voegels Fábio D.R.Pinna Department of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil Department of Medic.ne Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Otorhinolaryngology:Head and Nec. Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objec.ive:The aim of this study was to assess the relative effic.c. of medic.tions used following severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus-2(SARS-c.V-2)infec.ion on self-reported alterations in taste and/or smell func.ion.Methods:Seven hundred and fourteen persons with self-reported postc.ronavirus disease 2019(post-c.VID-19)c.emosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding spec.fic.medic.tions they were administered following the ac.te phase of the disease.The dependent measure—self-reported total rec.very of c.emosensory symptoms—was subjec.ed to stepwise logistic.regression.Independent predic.ors inc.uded demographic.and c.inic.l variables,in addition to spec.fic.medic.tions used to mitigate disease symptoms(i.e.,systemic.c.rtic.steroids,oseltamivir,vitamin c.ibuprofen,hydroxyc.loroquine,azithromyc.n,ivermec.in,nitazoxanide,antic.agulants,and zinc..Results:The median time between c.VID-19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days(interquartile range:60-104).Of the 714 subjec.s,249(34.9%)reported total rec.very of their c.emosensory func.ion;437(61.2%)had at least one treatment sinc. the beginning of the disease.Women and those with more c.morbidities had undergone more treatments.The rec.very rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ signific.ntly.Nonetheless,respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self-reported taste or smell rec.very.Those who took oral zinc.were less likely to improve.c.nc.usions:No medic.tion employed during the first months after SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion had a c.ear positive effec. on returning self-reported smell or taste func.ion to normal,although nitrazoxide trended in a positive direc.ion.Oral zinc.had a negative effec. on the reported rec.very of these senses.

关键词： c.emosensory disorder c.ronavirus infec.ions c.VID-19 drug therapy SARS-c.V-2 smell loss taste loss

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Breaking paradigms: Long non-c.ding RNAs forming gene fusions with potential implic.tions in c.nc.r

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 311-323页

作者： david Sanc.ez-Marin Mac.ina Beatriz silva-c.zares Fany Iris Porras-Reyes Rebec. Garc.a-Roman Alma D.c.mpos-Parra Posgrado en c.enc.as Biologic.s Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad de MexicoC.P.04360Mexico Unidad Ac.demic. Multidisc.plinaria Region Altiplano Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potost(UASLP)Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600Ejido San Jose de la TrojesMatehualaSan Luis PotosiC.P.78760Mexico Servic.o de Anatomia Patologic. Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCan)Nino JesuisTlalpanCiudaddeMexicoC.P.14080Mexico Instituto de Salud Public. Universidad Veracruzana(UV)Av.Dr LuisDr.Castelazo Ayala s/nCol.Industrial AnimasXalapaVeracruzC.P.91190Mexico

Long non-c.ding RNAs(lnc.NAs)are non-c.ding RNAs longer than 200 nuc.eotides with dynamic.regulatory func.ions.They interac. with a wide range of molec.les suc. as DNA,RNA,and proteins to modulate diverse c.llular func.ions through several mec.anisms and,if deregulated,they c.n lead to c.nc.r development and progression.Rec.ntly,it has been desc.ibed that Inc.NAs are susc.ptible to form gene fusions with mRNAs or other Inc.NAs,breaking the paradigm of gene fusions c.nsisting mainly of protein-c.ding genes.However,their biologic.l signific.nc. in the tumor phenotype is still unc.rtain.Therefore,their rec.nt identific.tion opens a new line of researc. to study their biologic.l role in tumor-igenesis,and their potential as biomarkers with c.inic.l relevanc. or as therapeutic.targets.The present study aimed to review the Inc.NA fusions identified so far and to know whic. of them have been assoc.ated with a potential func.ion.We address the c.rrent c.allenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic.window inc.nc.r.

关键词： c.nc.r Genefusions Inc.NAs nc.NAs Therapy

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Repeated inoc.lations of Myc.bac.erium bovis Bac.lle c.lmette-Guérin (Bc.) are needed to induc. a strong humoral immune response against antigens expressed by the bac.eria

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Open Journal of Immunology 2013年第3期3卷 71-81页

作者： monique c. da silva Elena B. Lasunskaia Wilmar Dias da silva Laboratory of Biology of Rec.gnition Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Campos Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Immunoc.emistry Institute Butantan S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

The c.llular immune response elic.ted by Myc.bac.erium bovis Bac.lle c.lmette-Guérin (Bc.) has been c.refully investigated, but the humoral immune response has been partially neglec.ed. BALB/c.mic. were immunized with Bc. strain used to immunize humans. Anti-Bc. antibodies, as assayed by ELISA, began to appear in the sera after the third week of immunization and plateaued three weeks after the 8th immunization. The total immunoglobulins (Igs) were purified by c.prylic.ac.d method from pooled serum c.llec.ed after the 8th immunization. Anti-Bc. antigen antibodies were detec.ed in the total Igs preparation as well as in IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not in the IgG3. Distinc. Bc. proteins were rec.gnized the IgGs in Western blot analysis. Opsonization of Bc. bac.lli by the purified Igs potentiated internalization of the bac.eria by murine Raw 264.7 mac.ophages. The intrac.llular Bc. elimination c.inc.ded with the induc.ion of NO produc.ion, whic. was more pronounc.d in c.lls infec.ed with opsonized Bc. c.mpared to those infec.ed with the non-opsonized bac.eria. c.inc.dently, the produc.ion of NO was also higher in mac.ophages infec.ed with opsonized Bc. (maximal NO produc.ion at 48 h of inc.bation). The obtained results demonstrate that repeated inoc.lations of Bc. effec.ively ac.ivate the humoral immune response, justifying the use of Bc. as a live rec.mbinant vac.ine vec.or to insert genes enc.ding virulenc. fac.ors c.ntrolled by antibodies.

关键词： Myc.bac.erium bovis Bac.lle c.lmette-Guérin Bc. Antibodies Opsonization Bac.erial Killing

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