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The case for gender considerate tobacco control policies in Albania

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 293-309页

作者： Harminder Guliani monikaÇule department of Economics University of Regina3737 Wascana ParkwayReginaSKCanada

Background:Tobacco use is a serious health concern in *** the prevalence of tobacco smoking has traditionally been higher for men,the increasing prevalence of smoking for women is becoming a *** 2007 Tobacco Control policy mandated smoke-free indoor spaces,banned various forms of tobacco advertising,required written health warnings on packaging and levied excise taxes on cigarette *** smoking behavior varies among different demographic groups,each group’s response to a uniform policy will differ,blunting the effectiveness of these efforts as a *** study examines various socioeconomic,demographic and behavioral factors affecting both the likelihood and frequency of smoking in Albanian households in order to provide insights on targeting various populations more ***:The study utilizes data from Albanian 2008-09 and 2017-18 demographic and Health Surveys consisting of adults aged 15-49 *** outcome variable includes respondents’current tobacco smoking behaviour and its *** exposure variables include respondents’sociodemographic and lifestyle *** use a two-level random intercept model with the two-stage residual inclusion estimation method to determine the association between outcome and exposure *** including a time variable,we capture the change in smoking behavior during the 2009-2018 *** also extend the analysis by assessing the differential influence of gender on the likelihood of smoking,both by income quintiles and ***:The results suggest that the likelihood of smoking decreased by 23%in 2017-18 compared to 2008-09,after controlling for various socioeconomic and demographic *** smoking is also found to be linked to alcohol consumption,with binge drinkers 59%more likely to smoke tobacco compared to moderate *** also found significant inter-quintile and inter-educational differences in smoking practices within each gender *** t

关键词： Albania Tobacco control Gender-based smoking behavior Multilevel analysis Two-stage residual inclusion

Grassland management intensity determines root development,soil structure,and their interrelationship:Results of a regional study of Leptosols in the Swabian Alps

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Grassland Research 2024年第2期3卷 171-186页

作者： Katrin Kuka monika Joschko Julius-Kühn-Institute(JKI) Institute for Plant and Soil ScienceBraunschweigGermany Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Experimental Infrastructure PlatformMünchebergGermany

Background:Soil structure is a key indicator of the functioning of soil processes in grasslands,which is influenced by site conditions and ***:In this study,we investigated soil structure and its relationship with root growth in 31 Leptosols under different grassland management intensities using X-ray microcomputed tomography.A close relationship between land use intensity,soil structure,and root growth was ***:Our results show that land use type affects root development and soil *** had more developed roots and more structured soils than meadows and mown ***,all pastures were unfertilized,while meadows and mown pastures had both fertilized and unfertilized *** no significant differences were found in the unfertilized plots,sample size was *** particular,fertilization negatively affected root growth and soil structure,resulting in significant differences between fertilized and unfertilized *** frequency also had an effect on soil physics,but to a much lesser extent than ***:Increased land use intensity,characterized by increased fertilization and more frequent mowing,reduces root growth and adversely affects soil ***,X-ray microcomputed tomography is a suitable method to investigate the relationship between soil structure and roots in the soil.

关键词： land use intensity meadow-mown pasture-pasture soil structure root-soil interaction X-ray microcomputed tomography

did the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ A Quantitative Perspective on Short-Term Price Fluctuations of domestic Government Bonds, 1932-1934

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第1期10卷 126-144页

作者： Felix Boecking monika Scholz School of History Classics and Archaeology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH10 6AJUK Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program Institute for Biophysical Dynamics The University ofChicago Chicago IL 60615 USA

Based on a newly constructed set of data, this paper offers a quantitative perspective on the Nationalist Government＇s relations with China＇s domestic bond markets during the period 1932-34. For all the recent revisionist scholarship on the achievements of Nationalist state-building, the perception of the Nationalist elite as corrupt is still widely accepted. In order to demonstrate the empirical potential of quantitative financial history, this paper tests one particular assertion： that members of the Nationalist elite manipulated the issue price of domestic government bonds in order to enrich themselves and their associates. We test this by calculating two price data correlations： that of a first sample of government bonds, all of them issued before 1932, and that of a second sample of government bonds, which includes bonds issued during the period under review. The price fluctuations of the first sample are correlated with each other to a much higher degree than those of the second sample. This indicates that the prices of bonds in the first sample were reacting similarly to the same range of influences, while the bonds issued during the period under review and included in the second sample were displaying individual price fluctuations. One possible explanation for this is that members of the Nationalist elite enriched themselves or their associates by issuing domestic government bonds at artificially low prices. In sum, the article illustrates both the potential and the limitations of quantitative history： it allows us to test and dismiss a precisely formulated hypothesis about Nationalist corruption, but it is only one possible way in which statistical analysis can be applied and does not cover the wholedid the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ realm of state practices

关键词： bond markets Guomindang financial history quantitative methods

TAXES ANd SUSTAINABILITY

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第4期2卷 57-72页

作者： Annette Nellen monika Miles San JoséState University New America Foundation Labhart Miles Consulting Group Inc.

INTROdUCTION For several decades,we have periodically seen concern expressed about our environment and energy *** supply and cost of oil,the“hole”in the ozone layer,and various forms of pollution have at times also caught the attention of legislators and government officials who shape our *** *** of the Interior was created in 1949,and the first federal clean air act was enacted in *** 1970,President Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),and the first celebration of Earth day was April 22,*** have also enacted various laws over the years in efforts to reduce pollution.

关键词： pollution. ozone pollution

Various Software Packages for Analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic data

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光谱学与光谱分析 2017年第10期37卷 3307-3314页

作者： monika Cichocka Andrzej Urbanik department of Radiology Medical College Jagiellonian University

The magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)results are greatly influenced by reconstruction of the spectrum and quantitative *** of this requirement a number of programs dedicated to MRS data analysis were *** selection and use of appropriate software is crucial not only in clinical procedures,but also while carrying out scientific *** choice of the software to suit the user's needs should be based on the analysis of the functionality of the *** is particularly important from the user's viewpoint to identify what data can be loaded and processed in the *** specific programs allow the user different degree of control over analysis ***,the programs for MRS data analysis differ in terms of the applied signal processing *** aim of this work,therefore,is to review available packages designed for MRS data analysis,taking into account their capabilities and limitations.

关键词： NMR data Analysis Software packages

Blood concentration of aminothiols in children with relapse of nephrotic syndrome

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第3期12卷 353-359页

作者： Marcin Tkaczyk monika Miklaszewska Jolanta Lukamowicz Wojciech Fendler division of Nephrology Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute of lodz281/289 Rzgowska st.93-338lodzPoland department of Pediatric Nephrology Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian UniversityWielicka 26530-663 KrakowPoland Center of Medical diagnostics Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute of lodzPoland281/289 Rzgowska st.93-338 lodzPoland Medical University of lodz al.Kosciuszki 4lodzPoland

Background:The role of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS)in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in childhood has not been clearly ***,antioxidative defense in INS is thought to be *** study aimed to assess the changes of plasma concentration of selected aminothiols in the blood of children with INS at various stages of the ***:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 125 children aged 2-18 *** children were divided into 4 groups:group A,early relapse(n=37);group B,early remission for 4-6 weeks from the onset(n=37);group C,late steroid-free remission(n=31);and group d,long-term remission for 2-5 years(n=20).Control group(E)consisted of 30 age-and gender-matched healthy *** study protocol comprised an analysis of plasma concentrations of glutathione,homocysteine,cysteine and cysteinylglycine by high-performance liquid *** of protein-bound and free aminothiols were *** injury was assessed by thrombomodulin,PAI-1 concentration,and von Willebrand factor ***:The children with INS had unbalanced aminothiol metabolism only in relapse and early remission,that shifted towards increased oxidative *** of cyclosporine A caused a significant increase in homocysteine and cysteine *** in aminothiol metabolism were significantly related to endothelial ***:The fi ndings of this study may be helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in patients with INS refractory to the treatment or in the case of frequent relapse.

关键词： aminothiols children cyclosporine A homocysteine nephrotic syndrome

Neuroinflammation after acute ischemic stroke:a volcano hard to contain

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中国现代神经疾病杂志 2013年第11期13卷 964-970页

作者： monika Mishra Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna department of Neurology College of Medicine University of Florida

各种内源性、外源性和系统性因素均可影响脑血流的神经血管内单位,但又互为导致血管闭塞的独立因素。无论何种机制引起的脑缺血,其结局均相同,包括血管因素、星形胶质细胞、神经元和诱发神经炎症疾病谱的周围小胶质细胞。而神经炎症反... 详细信息

各种内源性、外源性和系统性因素均可影响脑血流的神经血管内单位,但又互为导致血管闭塞的独立因素。无论何种机制引起的脑缺血,其结局均相同,包括血管因素、星形胶质细胞、神经元和诱发神经炎症疾病谱的周围小胶质细胞。而神经炎症反应则为缺血级联反应中的重要环节,可引起神经细胞去极化和炎性细胞因子前体激活,继而细胞死亡。神经炎症反应可引起中枢神经系统急性能量衰竭、兴奋性毒性反应、电解质紊乱、离子通道功能障碍和氧自由基分泌增多等一系列反应,而又可以是其后果。若在阈值期内缺血状态不能得到改善,则可激活基质金属蛋白酶,导致脑组织广泛损害,而即早基因激活将致使神经体液微内环境和血脑脊液屏障破坏。脱氧和复氧均可造成卒中相关性损伤。缺血性脑损伤级联反应的病理过程还包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化,释放细胞因子、氧自由基、神经毒性因子和神经营养因子等化学介质,进一步加重脑损伤。与此同时,中性粒细胞活化并通过细胞内黏附因子结合到内皮细胞表面,然后移行至缺血核心区,加剧脑组织损伤。单核细胞和巨噬细胞通过释放炎性细胞因子和转化为吞噬细胞而在缺血性脑损伤过程中发挥作用。针对神经炎症不同环节的治疗原则,是停止或减轻脑损伤程度,如抑制细胞内黏附分子(ICAMs)、血管细胞黏附分子(VCAMs)、中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞、主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)、细胞因子、趋化因子和自由基活性。上述针对脑缺血后神经炎症的各种治疗方法,动物实验已有可喜的结果,但临床试验未见成效,目前正在做进一步研究。然而,了解神经炎症的病理学机制,对今后开发新型神经保护治疗方法的开拓脑缺血治疗领域至关重要。本文旨在阐述缺血性卒中相关神经炎症反应的不同病理学机制。

关键词：脑缺血炎症中枢神经系统免疫,细胞神经免疫调节综述

The Impact of Personality Traits on Fashion Shopping Styles of Cambodian Adults

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The Impact of Personality Traits on Fashion Shopping Styles ...

作者： monika MAO 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

As global integration transforms economies around the world,consumer decisionmaking is becoming increasingly *** the closed nature of marketing systems,consumers in less developed countries such as Cambodia had once limited the option in the retail *** has assembled an integral part of global *** only limited to a purchasing transaction,but fashion shopping has also played a significant role in engaging and socializing activity（Kang Jiyun 2010）.It is a type of behavior which is a part of an overall life pattern since it is also reflecting one’s values and interests and associating with pleasure and leisure motives（Otieno Roes 2005）.The purpose of this study is to discover the impact of personality traits on fashion shopping behavior in the Cambodian *** this research,the questionnaires were developed and adopted from previous research *** statistic,reliability test,correlation and regression were used to analyzed the relationship between personality traits and consumer decision-making *** results show the positively correlated between openness personality and consumer decision-making styles brand conscious,novelty and fashion conscious,confusion by overchoice.

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dyslipidemia modulates Müller glial sensing and transduction of ambient information

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 207-210页

作者： monika Lakk Felix Vazquez-Chona Oleg Yarishkin david Krizaj department of Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA department of Bioengineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA department of Neurobiology&Anatomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Unesterified cholesterol controls the fluidity, permeability and electrical properties of eukaryotic cell mem- branes. Consequently, cholesterol levels in the retina and the brain are tightly regulated whereas depletion or oversupply caused by diet or heredity contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and vision loss. Astrog- lia play a central role in the biosynthesis, uptake and transport of cholesterol and also drive inflammatory signaling under hypercholesterolemic conditions associated with high-fat diet （diabetes） and neurodegen- erative disease. A growing body of evidence shows that unesterified membrane cholesterol modulates the ability of glia to sense and transduce ambient information. Cholesterol-dependence of Mfiller glia - which function as retinal sentinels for metabolic, mechanical, osmotic and inflammatory signals - is mediated in part by transient receptor potential V4 （TRPV4） channels. Cholesterol supplementation facilitates, where- as depletion suppresses, TRPV4-mediated transduction of temperature and lipid agonists in Mfiller cells. Acute effects of cholesterol supplementation/depletion on plasma membrane ion channels and calcium ho- meostasis differ markedly from the effects of chronic dyslipidemia, possibly due to differential modulation of modality-dependent energy barriers associated with the functionality of polymodal channels embedded within lipid rafts. Understanding of cholesterol-dependence of TRP channels is thus providing insight into dyslipidemic pathologies associated with diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

关键词： dyslipidemia cholesterol Muller glia transient receptor potential V4 cyclodextrin calcium retina