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Biomass production and carbon stock inventory of high-altitude dry temperate land use systems in North Western Himalaya

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 231-243页

作者： Kafula Chisanga D.R.bhardwaj Nazir A.Pala C.L.Thakur Soil Fertility and Agroforestry Research Zambia Agriculture Research Institute(ZARI)ChilagaZambia Department of Forestry Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya PundibariCooch BeharWBIndia Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry Dr Y.S.Parmar University of Horticulture and ForestryNauniSolanHPIndia

Introduction:Carbon stock estimation in different land use systems is necessary for curbing global climatic *** the present study,high-altitude dry temperate land use systems(LUS)at three altitudinal ranges“A1,1900-2170 m.a.s.l.,A2,2170–2440 m.a.s.l.,and A3,2440–2710 m.a.s.l.”were selected based on lapse rates in Kinnur district of Himachal Pradesh,*** study was aimed at estimating the difference in biomass and carbon stocks in different land use systems and recommendation of the suitable environment-friendly land use for the *** land use systems viz.;agriculture,horticulture,agrihorticulture,agri-horti-silviculture,silvipasture,and barren land common at all the three altitudes were selected for experimental ***:Maximum mean aboveground biomass(84.65 t ha^(−1)),belowground biomass(19.50 t ha^(−1)),and total biomass(104.10 t ha^(−1))were recorded in the silvipasture land use *** biomass production of different land use systems followed the order:silvipasture>agri-horti-silviculture>agrihorticulture>horticulture>agriculture>barren land *** soil organic carbon(1.41%)was recorded in silvipasture land use systems,which however remained statistically at par with the organic carbon contents of *** organic carbon,irrespective of the land use system increased with increase in altitudinal range and decreased with increase in soil *** carbon density(155.77 t ha−1)in 0–100 cm layer was in agri-horticulture *** order of carbon density under different land use systems was agri-horticulture>agri-horti-silviculture>silvipasture>horticulture>agriculture>barren *** of the land use system,the carbon density at different altitudinal gradient followed the trend A1,1900–2170 m.a.s.l.,>A3,2440–2710 m.a.s.l and>A2,2170–2440 ***:The outcome of the study can play an important role,while selecting different land use systems and different crop combinations for effective management o

关键词： Altitude Agroforestry Management Carbon density Mitigation

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Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-when,who and how?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5803-5821页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich monika Rau Andreas Geier Department of Internal Medicine Bethlehem Health CenterStolberg 52222Germany Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a frequent liver disease,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome and especially in Western *** of NAFLD comprise progressive fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** also represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,extrahepatic neoplasia and other organ damage,such as renal *** the epidemiological importance of the disease,new developments in specific treatment of the disease and the wide availability of noninvasive techniques in estimating steatosis and fibrosis,NAFLD should be subject to screening programs,at least in countries with a high prevalence of the *** review discusses prerequisites for screening,cost-effectiveness,current guideline recommendations,suitability of techniques for screening and propositions for the following questions:Who should be screened?Who should perform screening?How should screening be performed?It is time for a screening program in patients at risk for NAFLD.

关键词： Screening Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis

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Synthesis and characterization of pyrimidines analogues as anti-Alzheimer's agents

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第11期26卷 834-846页

作者： Yadav Rakesh Maan monika Yadav Divya Department of Pharmacy Banasthali University Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India

Pyrimidine derivatives have been reported as neuroprotective agents useful for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, several pyrimidine analogues have been evaluated as neuroprotective agents in Morris water maze model. It was observed that pyrimidine derivatives 8–17 considerably improve learning, memory, and movement deficits in animal models. Biochemical estimations of brain serum of treated animals revealed suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and other parameters which leads to neurodegeneration of brain. Of all the pyrimidine derivatives, thiomorpholine derivative 8 and piperazine ethanol derivative 17 were found to be the most active neuroprotective agents and produced effects comparable to standard drug rivastigmine in terms of behavioral, biochemical, and molecular aspects.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Neurodegeneration Pyrimidine derivatives Biochemical tests

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NiCo2O4 decorated PANI–CNTs composites as supercapacitive electrode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第1期26卷 175-181页

作者： Gunjana Chaudhary Ashok K.Sharma Preetam bhardwaj Kamal Kant Indu Kaushal Ajay K.Mishra Thin Film Laboratory Department of Materials Science and NanotechnologyDeenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal 131039India Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of ScienceUniversity of South AfricaUnisa Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa

Hierarchical Ni CoO/PANI/CNTs hybrid composites were designed and fabricated having a layer of Ni CoOon the surface of PANI encapsulated CNTs with different morphologies. Physicochemical attributes of the synthesized composites were examined by FTIR, UV–visible and X-ray diffraction（XRD）techniques. Morphological aspects were evaluated by field-emission scanning microscopy（FESEM）,electron diffraction spectroscopy（EDS）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and selected area electron diffraction（SAED） studies. Electrochemical measurements revealed an improved specific capacitance of 2250 F/g at a scan rate of 5 m V/s and 2000 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g with good rate capability using a three-electrode system. These enhanced features are achieved from the well designed nanostructure and the synergistic contributions of individual components in the electrode material.

关键词： Polyaniline Carbon nanotubes Nickel cobaltite Supercapacitor

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The case for gender considerate tobacco control policies in Albania

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 293-309页

作者： Harminder Guliani monikaÇule Department of Economics University of Regina3737 Wascana ParkwayReginaSKCanada

Background:Tobacco use is a serious health concern in *** the prevalence of tobacco smoking has traditionally been higher for men,the increasing prevalence of smoking for women is becoming a *** 2007 Tobacco Control policy mandated smoke-free indoor spaces,banned various forms of tobacco advertising,required written health warnings on packaging and levied excise taxes on cigarette *** smoking behavior varies among different demographic groups,each group’s response to a uniform policy will differ,blunting the effectiveness of these efforts as a *** study examines various socioeconomic,demographic and behavioral factors affecting both the likelihood and frequency of smoking in Albanian households in order to provide insights on targeting various populations more ***:The study utilizes data from Albanian 2008-09 and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys consisting of adults aged 15-49 *** outcome variable includes respondents’current tobacco smoking behaviour and its *** exposure variables include respondents’sociodemographic and lifestyle *** use a two-level random intercept model with the two-stage residual inclusion estimation method to determine the association between outcome and exposure *** including a time variable,we capture the change in smoking behavior during the 2009-2018 *** also extend the analysis by assessing the differential influence of gender on the likelihood of smoking,both by income quintiles and ***:The results suggest that the likelihood of smoking decreased by 23%in 2017-18 compared to 2008-09,after controlling for various socioeconomic and demographic *** smoking is also found to be linked to alcohol consumption,with binge drinkers 59%more likely to smoke tobacco compared to moderate *** also found significant inter-quintile and inter-educational differences in smoking practices within each gender *** t

关键词： Albania Tobacco control Gender-based smoking behavior Multilevel analysis Two-stage residual inclusion

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A review of ecological risk assessment and associated health risks with heavy metals in sediment from India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第5期35卷 516-526页

作者： Vinod Kumar Anket Sharma Shevita Pandita Renu bhardwaj Ashwani Kumar Thukral Artemi Cerda Department of Botany Government Degree College Ramban State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University Department of Botany University of Jammu Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences Guru Nanak Dev University Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Department of GeographyUniversity of Valencia

Heavy metal(HM) pollution in sediment is a serious concern particularly in developing nations,warranting an extensive survey to understand the current situation and propose possible remedial *** paper compiles the data of HMs cadmium(Cd),iron(Fe),cobalt(Co),manganese(Mn),arsenic(As),lead(Pb),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn) and nickel(Ni) in aquatic sediment from India from 1979 to *** was found that mean values of Cu,Co,Zn,Pb,As,and Cr in Indian sediment were high in comparison to the Australian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines,World Surface Rock Average,and the Threshold Effect Level for freshwater *** activities,lithogenic factors,and sand intrusion are the main factors associated with HM pollution as observed using cluster analysis and principal component *** results of contamination indices indicate that HM contamination ranged from average to high,in the *** ecological risk assessment results showed that 11%HMs present very high *** cancer risk,due to the high contents of Cd,As,and Cr the ingestion pathway,showed high risk of cancer through food/water contaminated with *** source reduction of HMs in industrial effluents by effluent treatment plants,and plantation of phytoremediating rooted macrophytes in sediment may help in HM mitigation of the sediment.

关键词： Sediments Heavy metal pollution Ecological risk assessment Cancer risk Health risk

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Enhanced electromagnetic absorption in ferrite and tantalum pentoxide based polypyrrole nanocomposite

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第2期29卷 170-176页

作者： Preeti Gairola L.P.Purohit S.P.Gairola Preetam bhardwaj Shivani Kaushik Department of Physics Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya Haridwar Uttaranchal University

The electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding properties of polypyrrole/barium ferrite/tantalum pentoxide nanocomposite were studied in the X-band frequency range from 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz. The nanocomposites were chemically synthesized at room temperature and then characterized by various techniques. The dielectric material parameters were calculated based on the experimental scattering parameters using Nicholson–Ross and Weir algorithms. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated that the shielding effectiveness up to 50 dB depended upon the dielectric loss and weight fraction of ferrite and Ta2O5in the polymer matrix.

关键词： Polypyrrole In-situ polymerization Composite EMI shielding effectiveness Ferrites Dielectric material

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Grassland management intensity determines root development,soil structure,and their interrelationship:Results of a regional study of Leptosols in the Swabian Alps

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Grassland Research 2024年第2期3卷 171-186页

作者： Katrin Kuka monika Joschko Julius-Kühn-Institute(JKI) Institute for Plant and Soil ScienceBraunschweigGermany Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Experimental Infrastructure PlatformMünchebergGermany

Background:Soil structure is a key indicator of the functioning of soil processes in grasslands,which is influenced by site conditions and ***:In this study,we investigated soil structure and its relationship with root growth in 31 Leptosols under different grassland management intensities using X-ray microcomputed tomography.A close relationship between land use intensity,soil structure,and root growth was ***:Our results show that land use type affects root development and soil *** had more developed roots and more structured soils than meadows and mown ***,all pastures were unfertilized,while meadows and mown pastures had both fertilized and unfertilized *** no significant differences were found in the unfertilized plots,sample size was *** particular,fertilization negatively affected root growth and soil structure,resulting in significant differences between fertilized and unfertilized *** frequency also had an effect on soil physics,but to a much lesser extent than ***:Increased land use intensity,characterized by increased fertilization and more frequent mowing,reduces root growth and adversely affects soil ***,X-ray microcomputed tomography is a suitable method to investigate the relationship between soil structure and roots in the soil.

关键词： land use intensity meadow-mown pasture-pasture soil structure root-soil interaction X-ray microcomputed tomography

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Did the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ A Quantitative Perspective on Short-Term Price Fluctuations of Domestic Government Bonds, 1932-1934

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第1期10卷 126-144页

作者： Felix Boecking monika Scholz School of History Classics and Archaeology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH10 6AJUK Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program Institute for Biophysical Dynamics The University ofChicago Chicago IL 60615 USA

Based on a newly constructed set of data, this paper offers a quantitative perspective on the Nationalist Government＇s relations with China＇s domestic bond markets during the period 1932-34. For all the recent revisionist scholarship on the achievements of Nationalist state-building, the perception of the Nationalist elite as corrupt is still widely accepted. In order to demonstrate the empirical potential of quantitative financial history, this paper tests one particular assertion： that members of the Nationalist elite manipulated the issue price of domestic government bonds in order to enrich themselves and their associates. We test this by calculating two price data correlations： that of a first sample of government bonds, all of them issued before 1932, and that of a second sample of government bonds, which includes bonds issued during the period under review. The price fluctuations of the first sample are correlated with each other to a much higher degree than those of the second sample. This indicates that the prices of bonds in the first sample were reacting similarly to the same range of influences, while the bonds issued during the period under review and included in the second sample were displaying individual price fluctuations. One possible explanation for this is that members of the Nationalist elite enriched themselves or their associates by issuing domestic government bonds at artificially low prices. In sum, the article illustrates both the potential and the limitations of quantitative history： it allows us to test and dismiss a precisely formulated hypothesis about Nationalist corruption, but it is only one possible way in which statistical analysis can be applied and does not cover the wholeDid the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ realm of state practices

关键词： bond markets Guomindang financial history quantitative methods

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TAXES AND SUSTAINABILITY

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第4期2卷 57-72页

作者： Annette Nellen monika Miles San JoséState University New America Foundation Labhart Miles Consulting Group Inc.

INTRODUCTION For several decades,we have periodically seen concern expressed about our environment and energy *** supply and cost of oil,the“hole”in the ozone layer,and various forms of pollution have at times also caught the attention of legislators and government officials who shape our *** *** of the Interior was created in 1949,and the first federal clean air act was enacted in *** 1970,President Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),and the first celebration of Earth Day was April 22,*** have also enacted various laws over the years in efforts to reduce pollution.

关键词： pollution. ozone pollution

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