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Role of relevant immune-modulators and cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant hepatic lesions

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1228-1238页

作者： Abdel-Rahman N Zekri somaya El Deeb Abeer A Bahnassy Abeer M Badr mona s abdellateif Gamal Esmat Hosny salama Marwa Mohanad Ahmed Esam El-dien shimaa Rabah Assmaa Abd Elkader Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit Department of Cancer BiologyNational Cancer InstituteCairo University Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCairo University Department of Pathology National Cancer InstituteCairo University Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Cancer BiologyNational Cancer InstituteCairo University Department of Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineCairo University Department of Biochemistry Misr University for Science and Technology

AIM To assess the levels of different immune modulators in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),in relation to other hepatic diseases.METHODs Eighty-eight patients were included in the current study and represented patients with HCC(20),liver cirrhosis(28) and chronic hepatitis(CH;25),and normal controls(NC;15).Peripheral blood was isolated for immunophenotyping of active myeloid dendritic cells(m DCs;CD1 c and CD40),mature inactive myeloid cells(CD1 c and HLA),active plasmacytoid cells(p DCs;CD303 and CD40),mature inactive p DCs(CD30 and HLA),active natural killer(NK) cells(CD56 and CD161),active NK cells(CD56 and CD314) and inactive NK cells(CD56 and CD158) was done by flow cytometry.serum levels of interleukin(IL)-2,IL-10,IL-12,IL-1β,interferon(IFN)-α,IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αR2 were assessed by ELIsA.REsULTs Active m DCs(CD1 C+/CD40+) and inactive m DCs(CD1 c+/HLA+) were significantly decreased in HCC patients in relation to NC(P ssion on active p DCs was decreased in HCC patients(P s level was not significantly changed among other groups.Inactive p DCs(CD303+/HLA+),inactive NKs(CD56+/CD158+) and active NKs(CD56+/CD161+) were not statistically changed among the four groups studied;however,the latter was increased in CH(P s statistically decreased in HCC,CH and cirrhosis(P s not expressed in 63%(12/20) of HCC patients.There was significant decrease of IL-2,IFN-α and IFN-γ(P significant increase in IL-10,IL-1β,and TNF-αR2(P spectively) in HCC patients.There was inverted correlation between IL-12 and IL-1β in HCC(r =-0.565,P strong correlation between p DCs(CD303+/CD40+) and NKs(CD56+/CD161+;r = 0.512,P s well as inactive m DCs(CD1 c+/HLA+) and inactive NK cells(CD56+/CD158+;r = 0.945,P sION NKG2 D,CD40,IL-2 and IL-10 are important modulators in the development and progression of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C virus NKG2D CD40 interleukin-2 interleukin-10 myeloid dendritic cells plasmacytoid cells natural killer cell Cytokines

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Biological and molecular studies on specific immune cells treated with checkpoint inhibitors for the thera-personal approach of breast cancer patients(ex-vivo study)

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Oncology Research 2021年第5期29卷 319-330页

作者： MOTAWA E.EL-HOUsEINI MOsTAFA s.ARAFAT AHMED M.EL-HUssEINY IsLAM M.KAsEM MAHMOUD M.KAMEL AHMED H.EL-HABAsHY MEDHAT M.KHAFAGY ENAs M.RADWAN MAHA H.HELAL mona s.abdellateif Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Biotechnology Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Zoology department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Clinical Pathology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Department of Pathology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt surgical Oncology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Radio-Diagnosis Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt

Immunotherapy becomes a promising line of treatment for breast cancer(BC)however,its success rate is still limited.Methods:The study was designed to optimize the condition for producing an effective dendritic cell(DCs)based immunotherapy by using DCs and T lymphocytes together with tumor-inﬁltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and tumor-inﬁltrating DCs(TIDCs),treated with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies.This mixture of immune cells was co-cultured with autologous breast cancer cells(BCCs)isolated from 26 BC females.Results:There was a signiﬁcant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 on DCs(p=0.001 and 0.017,respectively),similarly upregulation of CD8,CD4 and CD103 on T cells(p=0.031,0.027,and 0.011,respectively).While there was a signiﬁcant downregulation of FOXP3 and combined CD25.CD8 expression on regulatory T cells(p=0.014 for both).Increased CD8/Foxp3 ratio(ps also observed.CD133,CD34 and CD44 were downregulated on BCCs(p=0.01,0.021,and 0.015,respectively).There was a signiﬁcant increase in interferon-γ(IFN-γ,pse(LDH,p=0.02),and a signiﬁcant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF,ps.Gene expression of FOXP3 and Programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL-1)were downregulated in BCCs(psimilarly cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA4,p=0.02),Programmed cell death 1(PD-1,psigniﬁcantly downregulated in T cells.Conclusion:Ex-vivo activation of immune cells(DCs,T cells,TIDCs,and TILs)with immune checkpoint inhibitors could produce a potent and effective BC immunotherapy.However,these data should be validated on an experimental animal model to be transferred to the clinical setting.

关键词： Immunotherapy breast cancer PD1 CTLA4 TIDCs TILs

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Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 828-852页

作者： Mahmoud Emad-Eldin Gehan F Balata Eman A Elshorbagy mona s Hamed Mohamed s Attia Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityZagazig HFQM+872Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyHeliopolis UniversityCairo 44519Egypt Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt Department of Community at Faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Al-Sharqia GovernorateEgypt

Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in the management of type 2 diabetes as the disease progresses.Over the past century,insulin formulations have undergone significant modifications and bioengineering,resulting in a diverse range of available insulin products.These products show distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.Consequently,various insulin regimens have em-erged for the management of type 2 diabetes,including premixed formulations and combinations of basal and bolus insulins.The utilization of different insulin regimens yields disparate clinical outcomes,adverse events,and,notably,patient-reported outcomes(PROs).PROs provide valuable insights from the patient’s perspective,serving as a valuable mine of information for enhancing healthcare and informing clinical decisions.Adherence to insulin therapy,a critical patient-reported outcome,significantly affects clinical outcomes and is influenced by multiple factors.This review provides insights into the clinical effectiveness of various insulin preparations,PROs,and factors impacting insulin therapy adherence,with the aim of enhancing healthcare practices and informing clinical decisions for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Adherence Diabetes Insulin Patient-reported outcomes Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic

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Diabetes is affecting everyone everywhere

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第2期15卷 305-307页

作者： Parul Chawla Gupta mona Duggal Arvind Kumar Morya Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education&ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia school of Public Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160002PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia

The article titled“Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare services Among Diabetic Patients:Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?”gave insights into a pandemic systemic disease known as diabetes mellitus.This modern-era pandemic affects everyone,regardless of their financial background.As a result,diabetes is not a systemic disease which just involves people of low socioeconomic status.

关键词： Diabetes Incidence and prevalence Diabetes mellitus

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All-optical image denoising using a diffractive visual processor

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 429-445页

作者： Çağatay Işıl Tianyi Gan Fazil Onuralp Ardic Koray Mentesoglu Jagrit Digani Huseyin Karaca Hanlong Chen Jingxi Li Deniz Mengu mona Jarrahi Kaan Akşit Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California Nanosystems Institute(CNsI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA University College London Department of Computer ScienceLondonUnited Kingdom

Image denoising,one of the essential inverse problems,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input images.In general,digital image denoising algorithms,executed on computers,present latency due to several iterations implemented in,e.g.,graphics processing units(GPUs).While deep learning-enabled methods can operate non-iteratively,they also introduce latency and impose a significant computational burden,leading to increased power consumption.Here,we introduce an analog diffractive image denoiser to all-optically and non-iteratively clean various forms of noise and artifacts from input images–implemented at the speed of light propagation within a thin diffractive visual processor that axially spanss the wavelength of light.This all-optical image denoiser comprises passive transmissive layers optimized using deep learning to physically scatter the optical modes that represent various noise features,causing them to miss the output image Field-of-View(FoV)while retaining the object features of interest.Our results show that these diffractive denoisers can efficiently remove salt and pepper noise and image rendering-related spatial artifacts from input phase or intensity images while achieving an output power efficiency of~30–40%.We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of this analog denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual processor operating at the terahertz spectrum.Owing to their speed,power-efficiency,and minimal computational overhead,all-optical diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image display and projection systems,including,e.g.,holographic displays.

关键词： remove rendering holographic

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Evaluation of the nutritional value of Artemia nauplii for European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)larvae

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 78-84页

作者： Alaa A.El-Dahhar Rashwan s.Rashwan samy Y.EL-Zaeem shaimaa A.shahin mona M.Mourad Mohammed F.El Basuini Animal and Fish Production Department Faculty of Agriculture-Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21526Egypt National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries(NIOF) Cairo11562Egypt Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureTanta UniversityTanta31527Egypt Faculty of Desert Agriculture King Salman International UniversitySouth Sinai46618Egypt

Adapted European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)larvae at 25 days post-hatching(dph)with a primary weight and length of 23 mg and 9.92 mm,start the weaning up to 46 dph using the weaning micro-diet(54%crude protein from fish meal,powder milk,and poultry egg)concurrently with Artemia enriched with fortification emulsions(0.6 g/L)of DHA selco®as a control group(DHAs)or Fish oil+20%Vitamin C(FOVC),or Fish oil+20%Vitamin E(FOVE),or Fish oil+10%Vit.C+10%Vit.E(FOCE),or Fish oil only(FO).At 46 dph,groups of larvae fed enriched Artemia with DHAs and FOVE exhibited the highest final body weight,weight gain,average daily gain,specific growth rate,feed intake,protein efficiency ratio,and survival%as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio.Meanwhile,larvae in FOVC displayed the lowest final body weight,total length,weight gain,average daily gain,specific growth rate,feed intake,protein efficiency ratio,and survival%as well as the highest feed conversion ratio.Gastrointestinal histological assessment exhibited no pathological alteration as well as an improvement in the structure with DHAs,FOVE,FOVC,and FOCE co-additives compared to FO.Glutathione peroxidase enzyme(GPx)recorded the highest rates(Ps fed Artemia supplemented with DHAs and FOVE followed by FOCE and FOVC.While the lowest record for GPx activity was noted in the FO group.In conclusion,Using augmented Artemia nauplii with fish oil+vitamin E in single or in companion with vitamin C as cheap antioxidants support D.labrax larval growth,survival,and antioxidant efficacy during the critical weaning period.

关键词： European seabass Gastrointestinal histology Antioxidants Vitamin C Vitamin E DHA

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Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1430-1447页

作者： mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla Department of Human Biology School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Diabetes mellitus(DM)and Alzheimer's disease(AD)are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide.Recent studies have indicated a possible link between DM and an increased risk of developing AD.Insulin,while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar,also plays a vital role in protecting brain functions.Insulin resistance(IR),especially prevalent in type 2 diabetes,is believed to play a significant role in AD's development.When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional,it can negatively affect various brain functions,making individuals more susceptible to AD's defining features,such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles.Emerging research suggests that addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse the brain changes linked to AD.This review aims to explore the relationship between DM and AD,with a focus on the role of IR.It also explores the molecular mechanisms by which IR might lead to brain changes and assesses current treatments that target IR.Understanding IR's role in the connection between DM and AD offers new possibilities for treatments and highlights the importance of continued research in this interdisciplinary field.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Insulin resistance Obesity Dementia Diabetes Metabolic syndrome

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Childhood asthma biomarkers including zinc: An exploratory crosssectional study

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 31-40页

作者： Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim mona Mohsen Boles salep Aziz Hanna Dina Mahmoud Khaled Mohamed Abdelhamid El-Khashab Pediatric Clinical Nutrition Unit Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12613Egypt Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12613Egypt Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12613Egypt

BACKGROUND Childhood bronchial asthma(BA)is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease.Nutritional conditions,including zinc deficiency,can affect such allergic disorders.AIM To outline the difference in serum zinc levels between asthmatic children and healthy controls.METHODs A cross-sectional study was carried out at Children’s Hospital,Cairo University,investigating serum zinc levels in children with BA(n=40)and healthy children(n=21).Other markers included serum ferritin,iron,hemoglobin(Hb),and immunoglobulin E(IgE)levels.Independent t-tests and Mann-Whinny tests were used for comparisons.The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare serum ferritin and IgE levels with regard to asthma severity.spearman's rank correlation was performed to explore the relationship between serum ferritin levels and both iron and Hb levels in asthmatic children.REsULTs Children with BA had higher levels of zinc,yet the difference was not significant(P=0.115).serum ferritin and IgE levels were significantly higher in asthmatic children(P=0.006 and 0.001,respectively),yet their levels did not differ significantly by severity(P=0.623 and 0.126,respectively).There was a nonsignificant weak correlation between serum ferritin levels and both serum iron and Hb levels.CONCLUsION serum zinc levels do not seem to differ between asthmatic children and healthy children.serum ferritin levels may be a marker of asthma control.serum IgE levels are not markers of asthma severity.

关键词： Children Asthma Zinc Ferritin

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Adolescents’perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion in saudi Arabia:A cross-sectional study

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International Journal of Nursing sciences 2023年第2期10卷 215-220页

作者： sama s.Hammad mona D.Alzhrani Hebah A.Almulla College of Nursing Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Nursing College King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Objectives Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health challenges for adolescent populations.The current study aims to examine the levels of perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion and their relationship among adolescents in saudi Arabia.Methods This study employed a cross-sectional online survey of adolescents from secondary schools in Asir,saudi Arabia.Instruments that we distributed online included the modified Perceived stress scale(Pss-10)and the self-Compassion scale(sCs),in addition to demographic and health-related questions.A total of 500 adolescents completed the survey.Results Adolescents in the study reported an average moderate perceived stress level of 18.6(sD=6.67)and an average moderate self-compassion level of 3.22(sD=0.53).A significant correlation is also found between the two variables(r=−0.460,Ps negative correlation indicates that lower levels of perceived stress are significantly correlated with higher levels of self-compassion.Conclusion The study results show that the perceived stress of COVID-19 is inversely correlated with self-compassion in saudi adolescents.Further research is needed to explore how to enhance adolescents’self-compassion.school nurses’role should be given full play in this area.

关键词： Adolescent COVID-19 Pandemics Psychological stress saudi Arabia self-compassion

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serum resistin and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第27期29卷 4271-4288页

作者： mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla Department of Human Biology School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the predominant type of liver cancer,is a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities across the globe.Diabetes has been identified as a significant risk factor for HCC,with recent research indicating that the hormone resistin could be involved in the onset and advancement of HCC in diabetic individuals.Resistin is a hormone that is known to be involved in inflammation and insulin resistance.Patients with HCC have been observed to exhibit increased resistin levels,which could be correlated with more severe disease stages and unfavourable prognoses.Nevertheless,the exact processes through which resistin influences the development and progression of HCC in diabetic patients remain unclear.This article aims to examine the existing literature on the possible use of resistin levels as a biomarker for HCC development and monitoring.Furthermore,it reviews the possible pathways of HCC initiation due to elevated resistin and offers new perspectives on comprehending the fundamen-tal mechanisms of HCC in diabetic patients.Gaining a better understanding of these processes may yield valuable insights into HCC’s development and progression,as well as identify possible avenues for prevention and therapy.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Resistin Insulin resistance Obesity Diabetes Liver cancer

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