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Spontaneous mutations and mutational responses to penicillin treatment in the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae D39

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Marine.life Science & technology 2024年第3期6卷 198-211页

作者： Wanyue Jiang tongtong lin Jiao Pan Caitlyn eRivera Clayton tincher Yaohai Wang Yu Zhang Xiang Gao Yan Wang Ho‑Ching t.tsui Malcolm e.Winkler Michael lynch Hongan long Institute of evolution and Marine Biodiversity KLMMEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA School of Mathematics Science Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China State Key laboratory of Microbial technology Microbial Technology InstituteSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

Bacteria with functional DNA repair systems are expected to have low mutation rates due to strong natural selection for genomic ***,our study of the wild-type Streptococcus pneumoniae D39,a pathogen responsible for many common diseases,revealed a high spontaneous mutation rate of 0.02 per genome per cell division in mutation-accumulation(MA)*** rate is orders of magnitude higher than that of other non-mutator bacteria and is characterized by a high mutation bias in the A/t *** high mutation rate may have resulted from a reduction in the overall efficiency of selection,conferred by the tiny effective population size in *** line with this,*** D39 also exhibited the lowest DNA mismatch-repair(MMR)efficiency among *** with the antibiotic penicillin did not elevate the mutation rate,as penicillin did not induce DNA damage and *** lacks a stress response *** findings suggested that the MA results are applicable to within-host scenarios and provide insights into pathogen evolution.

关键词： neutral evolution Mutation spectrum Antibiotics DNA mismatch repair Oxidative damage repair

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Scavenging and release of Ree and HFSe by Na-metasomatism in magmatic-hydrothermal systems

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 315-323页

作者： Wu-Bin Yang he-Cai Niu Ning-Bo li Pete Hollings Shannon Zurevinski Roger H.Mitchell Key laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for excellence in Deep earth Science Guangzhou 510640China Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

exploitable or potentially exploitable deposits of critical metals,such as rare-earth(Ree)and high-field-strength elements(HFSe),are commonly associated with alkaline or peralkaline igneous ***,the origin,transport and concentration of these metals in peralkaline systems remains poorly *** study presents the results of a mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Na-metasomatism of alkali amphiboles and clinopyroxenes from a barren peralkaline granite pluton in ne China,to assess the remobilization and redistribution of Ree and HFSe during magmatic-hydrothermal *** amphiboles and aegirine-augites from the peralkaline granites show evolutionary trends from sodic-calcic to sodic compositions,with increasing Ree and HFSe concentrations as a function of increasing Na-index[Na^(#),defined as molar Na/(Na+Ca)ratios].the Na-amphiboles(i.e.,arfvedsonite)and aegirine-augites can be subsequently altered,or breakdown,to form hydrothermal aegirine during late-or post-magmatic *** compositions analyzed by insitu lA-ICPMS show that the primary aegirine-augites have high and variable Ree(2194-3627 ppm)and HFSe(4194-16,862 ppm)contents,suggesting that these critical metals can be scavenged by alkali amphiboles and *** to the primary aegirine-augites,the presentative early replacement aegirine(Aeg-I,Na^(#)=0.91-0.94)has notably lower Ree(1484-1972)and HFSe(4351-5621)*** contrast,the late hydrothermal aegirine(Aeg-II,Na^(#)=0.92-0.96)has significantly lower Ree(317-456 ppm)and HFSe(6.44-72.2 ppm)*** that the increasing Na^(#)from aegirine-augites to hydrothermal aegirines likely resulted from Na-metasomatism,a scavenging-release model can explain the remobilization of Ree and HFSe in peralkaline granitic *** scavenging and release of Ree and HFSe by Na-metasomatism provides key insights into the genesis of globally significant Ree and HFSe *** high Na-index of th

关键词： Critical metals Alkali amphiboles Na-metasomatism Ree and HFSe Na-index(Na^(#))

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StCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai l.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.t.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen l.l.Chen P.Chen S.l.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng t.G.Cheng J.P.Dai l.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding l.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du l.M.Duan D.epifanov Y.l.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.t.Feng J.l.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gilman l.Gong t.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.l.Han l.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.he S.Q.he X.G.he Y.l.he Z.B.he Z.X.heng B.l.Hou t.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.t.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.l.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop e.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.lei e.levichev C.H.li C.li D.Y.li F.li G.li G.li H.B.li H.li H.N.li H.J.li H.l.li J.M.li J.li l.li l.li l.Y.li N.li P.R.li R.H.li S.li t.li W.J.li X.li X.H.li X.Q.li X.H.li Y.li Y.Y.li Z.J.li H.liang J.H.liang Y.t.liang G.R.liao l.Z.liao Y.liao C.X.lin D.X.lin X.S.lin B.J.liu C.W.liu D.liu F.liu G.M.liu H.B.liu J.liu J.J.liu J.B.liu K.liu K.Y.liu K.liu l.liu Q.liu S.B.liu t.liu X.liu Y.W.liu Y.liu Y.l.liu Z.Q.liu Z.Y.liu Z.W.liu I.logashenko Y.long C.G.lu J.X.lu N.lu Q.F.lü Y.lu Y.lu Z.lu P.lukin F.J.luo t.luo X.F.luo Y.H.luo H.J.lyu X.R.lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.nefediev Y.nefedov S.l.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan e.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng l.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov e.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin X.S.Qin t.l.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key laboratory of theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de lausanne(ePFl) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei University Baoding 071002China hefei University of technology Hefei 230601China helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China High energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

the superτ-charm facility(StCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** StCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BePCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** StCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the StCF,describes conceptual designs of the StCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity StCF detector conceptual design

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： edwin t. Moran Michael R. Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone.layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . even at low gastric pH, phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca 2+ near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its ne.ly formed structure. thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coordinating free Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other cations re-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca 2+ is progressively displaced by Na + to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer (USWl). excessive removal of Ca 2+ from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Phanerozoic co-evolution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 18-21页

作者： Zunli lu Rosalind e.M.Rickaby Jonathan l.Payne Ashley N.Prow Department of earth & environmental Sciences Syracuse University Department of earth Sciences University of Oxford Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Stanford University

Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations are partially linked via the geological cycle of organic carbon （Fig. 1A–C; e.g. CO2+H2O■CH2O+O2）. the history of these two biologically active components, controls on their concentrations, and implications for the complexity of the biosphere and habitability of earth have been hotly debated, but are generally considered independently.

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Distribution, health and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in Nigerian oil sands

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 59-71页

作者： Odunayo t.Ore Festus M.Adebiyi Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Achievers UniversityOwoNigeria

the Nigerian oil sands represent the largest oil sand deposit in Africa, yet there is little published information on the distribution and potential health and ecological risks of trace elements in the oil resource. In the present study, we investigated the distribution pattern of 18trace elements(including biophile and chalcophile elements) as well as the estimated risks associated with exposure to these elements. the results of the study indicated that Fe was the most abundant element, with a mean concentration of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had the lowest mean concentration of 48 mg/kg. the high occurrence of Fe and ti suggested a possible occurrence of ilmenite(Fe tiO_(3)) in the oil sands. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that the possible sources of detected elements in the oil sands were geogenic, metal production, and crustal. the contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and nemerow pollution index indicated that the oil sands are heavily polluted by the elements. health risk assessment showed that children were relatively more susceptible to the potentially toxic elements in the oil sands principally via ingestion exposure route(HQ > 1e-04). Cancer risks from inhalation are unlikely due to CR e-06 but ingestion and dermal contact pose severe risks(CR > 1e-04). the high concentrations of the elements pose serious threats due to the potential for atmospheric transport, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability.

关键词： Biophile Chalcophile Oil sand Risk assessment trace element

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Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 536-550页

作者： Yonghui Fan Boya Qin Jinhao Yang liangliang Ma Guoji Cui Wei he Yu tang Wenjing Zhang Shangyu Ma Chuanxi Ma Zhenglai Huang College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in South Yellow&Huai River ValleyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHefei 230036China Xianyang Central Station for Agricultural technology extension Xianyang 712000China

Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and *** experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangmai 18’(YM18),‘Sumai 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth *** treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(t-J)),jointing-booting(NWJ-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the *** effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat *** wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(t-J)than in NN in the 2-year *** yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and *** NW_(t-J)increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth *** flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter ***_(t-J)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield ***,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry matter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

关键词： wheat asymmetric warming dry matter accumulation and translocation starch yield

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Climate refugia along lake Superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman Scott e.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshwater lake by surface area,lake Superior,USA and Canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along lake Superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and warmest(+5.7℃)climate warming ***,we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,we developed an ecological niche model for the presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along the lake’s ***,we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in the presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above water,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIS/terra satellite and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct ***,we predicted 2236 km of the shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate(894 km)and warmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect lake Superior species distribution models

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Comparison of fungal vs bacterial infections in the medical intensive liver unit:Cause or corollary for high mortality?

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World Journal of hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 379-392页

作者： Sarah Khan Hanna Hong Stephanie Bass Yifan Wang Xiao-Feng Wang Omar t Sims Christine e Koval Aanchal Kapoor Christina C lindenmeyer Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Cleveland Clinic lerner College of Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Pharmacy Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Quantitative health Sciences/Biostatistics Section Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Infectious Disease Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as *** data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit(MIlU),particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver *** to investigate the impact of fungal infections among critically ill patients with advanced liver disease,and compare outcomes to those of patients with bacterial *** From our prospective registry of MIlU patients from 2018-2022,we included 27 patients with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial *** compared outcomes between patients admitted to the MIlU with fungal infections to bacterial *** was extracted through chart *** All fungal infections were due to Candida species,and were most frequently blood *** among patients with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to the bacterial cohort(93%vs 52%,Pthe majority of the fungal cohort developed grade 2 or 3 acute on chronic liver failure(AClF)(90%vs 64%,P=0.02).Patients in the fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors(96%vs 70%,P=0.04),mechanical ventilation(96%vs 65%,Plysis due to acute kidney injury(78%vs 52%,P=0.014).On MIlU admission,the fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic health evaluation(108 vs 91,P=0.003),Acute Physiology Score(86 vs 65,P=0.003),and Model for end-Stage liver Disease-Sodium scores(86 vs 65,P=0.041).there was no significant difference in the rate of central line use preceding culture(52%vs 40%,P=0.2).Patients with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement,and lower rates of transplant;however,differences did not achieve statistical *** Mortality was worse among patients with fungal infections,likely attributable to severe AClF *** studies examinin

关键词： Fungal Infection Sepsis Acute on chronic liver failure Intensive care

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Interaction of photons with silver and indium nuclei at energies up to 20 MeV

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 135-140页

作者： J.H.Khushvaktov M.A.Demichev D.l.Demin S.A.evseev M.I.Gostkin V.V.Kobets F.A.Rasu-lova S.V.Rozov e.t.Ruziev A.A.Solnyshkin t.N.tran e.A.Yakushev B.S.Yuldashev Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR) DubnaRussia Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan(INP ASRU) TashkentUzbekistan Institute of Physics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and technology(IP VASt) HanoiVietnam

the yields of photonuclear reactions in the 107Ag,113In,and 115In nuclei were *** Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 code,and the results were compared with the experimental *** isomeric ratios of the yields in the reactions 107Ag(γ,n)106m,gAg and 113In(γ,m)112m,gIn were determined,and the cross sections for the reactions 107Ag(γ,n)106gAg and 107Ag(γ,2n)105Ag at an energy of 20 MeV were calculated based on the experimental data.

关键词： 107Ag(γ,n)10mgAg and I13In(γ,n)12m-2In reactions cross section yield isomeric ratio simula-tion Geant4 tAlYS

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