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25 Ye.rs of se.sory drive. the.e.ide.ce.and its wate.y bias

Curre.t Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 471-484页

作者： molly e. cummings John A. e.DLe. De.artme.t of Inte.rative.Biology University of Texas Austin TX 78712 USA School of Life.and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia

It has be.n 25ye.rs since.the.formalization of the.Se.sory Drive.hypothe.is was publishe. in the.Ame.ican Naturalist （1992）. Since.the., the.e.has be.n an e.plosion of re.e.rch ide.tifying its utility in contributing to our unde.standing of inte.- and intra-spe.ific variation in se.sory syste.s and signaling prope.tie.. The.main te.e. of Se.sory Drive.is that e.vironme.tal characte.istics will influe.ce.the.e.olutionary traje.tory of both se.sory （de.e.ting capabilitie.） and signaling （de.e.table.fe.ture. and be.aviors） traits in pre.ictable.dire.tions. We.re.ie. the.accumulating e.ide.ce.in 154 studie. addre.sing the.e.que.tions and cate.orize. the.r approach in te.ms of te.ting for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on se.sory tuning, signal characte.istics, or both. For the.subse. of studie. that e.amine. se.sory tuning, the.e.was gre.te. support for Se.sory Drive.proce.se. shaping visual than auditory tuning, and it was more.pre.ale.t in aquatic than te.re.trial habitats. Te.re.trial habitats and visual traits we.e.the.pre.ale.t habitat and se.sory modality in the.104 studie. showing support for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on signaling prope.tie.. An additional 19 studie. that found no supporting e.ide.ce.for e.vironme.tal influe.ce.on signaling traits we.e.all base. in te.re.trial e.osyste.s and almost e.clusive.y involve. auditory signals. Only 29 studie. e.amine. the.comple.e.coe.olutionary proce.s be.we.n se.sory and signaling traits and we.e.dominate. by fish visual communication. We.discuss biophysical factors that may contribute.to the.visual and aquatic bias for Se.sory Drive.e.ide.ce. as we.l as biotic factors that may contribute.to the.lack of Se.sory Drive.proce.se. in te.re.trial acoustic signaling syste.s.

关键词： animal communication se.sory drive se.sory e.ology se.ual se.e.tion

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Te.ting for se.e.tion on color and patte.n in a mime.ic radiation

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Curre.t Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 668-676页

作者： Justin Ye.Ge. Jason L. BROWN Victor MORALe. molly cummings Kyle.SUMMe.S De.artme.t of Biology East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 De.artme.t of e.ology and e.olutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 De.artme.t of Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 Unive.sidad de.Ricardo Palma Lima Peru De.artme.t of Inte.rative.Biology University of Texas Austin Texas 78712

In this pape., we.analyze.variation in spe.tral re.le.tance.and color patte.n among populations to de.onstrate.dra-matic dive.ge.ce.be.we.n four distinct morphs of the.mimic poison frog Ranitome.a imitator. We.also analyze.ge.e.ic dive.-ge.ce.in d-loop mtDNA se.ue.ce. be.we.n populations. We.the. use.coale.ce.t-base. simulations to de.onstrate.that the.high le.e.s of obse.ve. phe.otypic dive.ge.ce.are.not consiste.t with le.e.s of ge.e.ic dive.ge.ce.e.pe.te. unde. ne.tral drift among populations, implying an important role.for se.e.tion in driving dive.ge.ce.be.we.n the.e.populations .

关键词： Mulle.ian Mimicry Natural Se.e.tion Population Dive.ge.ce Coale.ce.t

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Scale. of snow de.th variability in high e.e.ation range.and sage.rush

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2017年第3期11卷 469-481页

作者： molly e. Te.e.CHe.Ste.e. R. FASSNACHT Paul J. Me.MAN Wate.she. Scie.ce Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1476 USA Inte.ational Arctic Re.e.rch Ce.te. Water & Environmental Research Center Institute of Northern Engineering University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775 USA Coope.ative.Institute.for Re.e.rch in the.Atmosphe.e Fort Collins CO 80523-1375 USA Natural Re.ource. e.ology Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Abt. Kartographie GIS & Femerkundung Geographisches Institut Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany Range.and e.osyste. Scie.ce Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

In high e.e.ation se.i-arid range.ands, sage. brush and othe. shrubs can affe.t transport and de.osition of wind-blown snow, e.abling the.formation of snowdrifts. Datase.s from thre. fie.d e.pe.ime.ts we.e.use. to inve.tigate.the.scale. of spatial variability of snow de.th around big mountain sage.rush （Arte.isia tride.tata Nutt.） at a high e.e.ation plate.u range.and in North Park, Colorado, during the.winte.s of 2002, 2003, and 2008. Data we.e.colle.te. at multiple.re.olutions （0.05 to 25 m） and e.te.ts （2 to 1000 m）. Fine. scale.data we.e.colle.te. spe.ifically for this study to e.amine.the.corre.ation be.we.n snow de.th; sage.rush microtopogra- phy, the.ground surface. and the.snow surface. as we.l as the.te.poral consiste.cy of snow de.th patte.ns. Vario- grams we.e.use. to ide.tify the.spatial structure.and the.Moran＇s I statistic was use. to de.e.mine.the.spatial corre.ation. Re.ults show some.te.poral consiste.cy in snow de.th at se.e.al scale.. Plot scale.snow de.th variability is partly a function of the.nature.of individual shrubs, as the.e.is some.corre.ation be.we.n the.spatial structure.of snow de.th and sage.rush, as we.l as be.we.n the.ground and snow de.th. The.optimal sampling re.olution appe.rs to be.25-cm, but ove. a large.are., this would re.uire.a multitude.of sample., and thus a random stratifie. approach is re.omme.de. with a fine.me.sure.e.t re.olution of 5-cm.

关键词： snow hydrology high e.e.ation range.ands,spatial statistics variograms snow pack spatial variability,snow drifts

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Prostaglandin e. administration post live. transplantation and re.al outcome.:A re.rospe.tive.single.ce.te. e.pe.ie.ce

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 101-109页

作者： Vinay Jahagirdar Mohame. Ahme. Ifrah Fatima Hassam Ali Laura Alba John H He.zbe.g Le. S cummings Matthe. Wilkinson Jame.on Forste. Alisa Likhitsup De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine Saint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and the University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology and He.atology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Inte.nal Me.icine Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States De.artme.t of Surge.y University of Missouri-Kansas City and Transplant SurgerySaint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology and He.atology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BACKGROUND Prostaglandin e.(PGe.),or alprostadil,is a pote.t vasodilator that improve. he.atic blood flow and re.uce. ische.ia-re.e.fusion injury post-live. transplantation(LT).Howe.e.,the.be.e.its of PGe. on re.al function afte. LT have.not ye. be.n we.l *** To asse.s the.impact of PGe. administration on re.al function in patie.ts who unde.we.t live. or live.-kidne. *** This re.rospe.tive.study include. all patie.ts who unde.we.t live. or live.kidne. transplant at our institution from January,2011 to De.e.be.,*** we.e.classifie. base. on whe.he. the. re.e.ve. ***1 was administe.e. post-LT to those.with transaminase.>1000 U/L in the.imme.iate.postope.ative.***,post-LT tre.tme.ts and/or complications,re.al function,and survival we.e.*** logistic re.re.sion analysis was pe.forme.,and a two-taile. P value.0.05 was conside.e. statistically *** A total of 145 patie.ts unde.we.t LT,with 44(30%)re.e.ving *** patie.t characte.istics we.e.comparable.e.ce.t the.PGe. group had significantly highe. aspartate.aminotransfe.ase.AST)(1961.9 U/L±1862.3 U/L vs 878 U/L±741.4 U/L,P=0.000),alanine.aminotransfe.ase.1070.6 U/L±895 U/L vs 547.7 U/L±410 U/L,P=0.000),inte.national normalize. ratio on post-LT day 1(2±0.74 vs 1.8±0.4,P=0.03),a longe. inte.sive.care.unit stay(8.1 days±11.8 days vs 3.8 days±4.6 days,P=0.003),more.vasopre.sor use.55.53 hours±111 hours vs 16.33 hours±26.3 hours,P=0.002),and highe. imme.iate.postope.ative.complications(18.6%vs 4.9%,P=0.04).The.PGe. group also had a significantly highe. 90-day re.dmission rate.29.6%vs 13.1%,P=0.02)and lowe. 1-ye.r live. graft survival(87.5%vs 98.9%,P=0.005).Howe.e.,30-day re.dmission(31.6%vs 27.4%,P=0.64),LT complications(he.atic arte.y thrombosis,biliary complications,re.e.tion of live. graft,cardiomyopathy),1-ye.r patie.t survival(96.9%vs 97.8%,P=0.77),ove.all live. graft survival,and ove.all patie.t survival we.e.similar be.we.n t

关键词： Live. transplantation Alprostadil Prote.tive.age.ts Transplant Prostaglandin e.

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Associations of acce.e.ome.ry-me.sure. and se.f-re.orte. physical activity and se.e.tary be.avior with ske.e.al muscle.e.e.ge.ics:The.Study of Muscle.Mobility and Aging(SOMMA)

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Te.ri L.Blackwe.l Pe.gy M.Cawthon Paul M.Coe. Ste.e. R.cummings Giovanna Diste.ano Samane. Farsijani Danie. e.Forman Bre. H.Goodpaste. Ste.he. B.Kritche.sky The.e.a Mau Fre.e.ico G.S.Tole.o Anne.B.Ne.man Nancy W.Glynn De.artme.t of e.ide.iology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Ce.te. California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA De.artme.t of e.ide.iology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Re.e.rch Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA De.artme.t of Me.icine.Ge.iatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of e.docrinology and Me.abolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Ske.e.al muscle.e.e.ge.ics de.line.with age.and physical activity(PA)has be.n shown to offse. the.e.de.line. in olde. ***,many studie. re.orting the.e.e.fe.ts we.e.base. on se.f-re.orte. PA or structure. e.e.cise.***,we.e.amine. the.associations of acce.e.ome.ry-me.sure. and se.f-re.orte. PA and se.e.tary be.avior(SB)with ske.e.al muscle.e.e.ge.ics and e.plore. the.e.te.t to which PA and se.e.tary be.avior would atte.uate.the.associations of age.with muscle.***:As part of the.Study of Muscle.Mobility and Aging,e.rolle. olde. adults(n=879),810(age.76.4±5.0 ye.rs old,me.n±SD;58%wome.)had maximal muscle.oxidative.capacity me.sure. e. vivo via high-re.olution re.spirome.ry of pe.me.bilize. myofibe.s(maximal oxidative.phosphorylation(maxOXPHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magne.ic re.onance.spe.troscopy(maximal ade.osine.triphosphate.ATP_(max))).Acce.e.ome.ry-me.sure. se.e.tary be.avior,light activity,and mode.ate.to-vigorous PA(MVPA)we.e.asse.se. using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X ove. 7 ***-re.orte. se.e.tary be.avior,MVPA,and all PA we.e.asse.se. with the.Community He.lthy Activitie. Mode. Program for Se.iors(CHAMPS)*** re.re.sion mode.s with progre.sive.covariate.adjustme.ts e.aluate. the.associations of se.e.tary be.avior and PA with muscle.e.e.ge.ics,as we.l as the.atte.uation of the.age.muscle.e.e.ge.ics association by MVP A and se.e.tary *** a se.sitivity analysis,we.also e.amine. activPAL-me.sure. daily ste. count and time.spe.t in se.e.tary be.avior and the.r associations with muscle.***:e.e.y 30 min/day more.of ActiGraph-me.sure. MVPA was associate. with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)highe. maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/s highe. ATP_(max)afte. adjusting for age.site.te.hnician,and se.(pe. with maxOXPHOS or ATP_(max).Me.nwhile.e.e.y 30 min/day spe.t in ActiGraph-me.sure. se.e.tary be.avior was associate. with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lowe. maxOXPHOS and0.

关键词： Aging e.e.cise Mitochondria

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Moving be.ond Waste.ate.:Pe.spe.tive. on e.vironme.tal Surve.llance.of Infe.tious Dise.se. for Public He.lth Action in Low-Re.ource.Se.tings

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e.vironme.t & He.lth 2024年第10期2卷 684-687页

作者： Je.e.h De.gado Ve.a Sarah e.Philo Joe.Brown Mami Taniuchi molly Cantre.l Ale.andra Kossik Maya Ramaswamy Sitara SR Ajjampur Fatma Z.Gue.fali Roche.le.H.Holm John Scott Me.chke.Maria Cathe.ine.B.Ote.o Amy J.Picke.ing Mahbubur Rahman Ale.ande. G.Shaw Abhilasha Shre.tha Kwanrawe. Sirikanchana Vivi Make.a Te.uzula Rolf U.Halde. Ale.andria B.Boe.m Kyle.Bibby De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27710United States De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring and e.rth Scie.ce. University of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana 46556United States De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90007USA De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. and e.gine.ring University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599United States Division of Infe.tious Dise.se. and Inte.national He.lth University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Wate.borne.Dise.se.Pre.e.tion Branch U.S.Centers for Disease ControlAtlantaGeorgia 30329United States The.We.lcome.Trust Re.e.rch Laboratory Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004India Laboratory of Transmission Control and Immunobiology of Infections(LTCII)Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis-Belvédère 1002Tunisia Unive.sitéTunis e. Manar Tunis 1002Tunisia Christina Le. Brown e.virome.Institute School of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40202United States De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal and Occupational He.lth Scie.ce. School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195United States Colle.e.of Me.icine University of the Philippines ManilaManila 2801Philippines De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Institute.of e.ide.iology Disease Control and Research(IEDCR)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh De.artme.t of Infe.tious Dise.se.e.ide.iology Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K. Division of e.vironme.tal and Occupational He.lth Scie.ce. University of Illinois Chicago School of Public HealthChicagoIllinois 60612United States Re.e.rch Laboratory of Biote.hnology Chulabhorn Research InstituteBangkok 10210Thailand De.artme.t of Tropical Me.icine University of KinshasaKinshasa/DR 63090201Congo School of Sustainable.e.gine.ring and the.Built e.vironme.t Arizona State UniversityTempe

Although te.ting waste.ate. for public he.lth surve.llance.has re.e.tly re.e.ve. significant atte.tion in the.Unite. State.,re.e.rche.s and public he.lth profe.sionals have.long re.lize. the.tre.e.dous promise.of e.vironme.tal surve.llance.e.),de.ine. as tracking pathoge.s of inte.e.t in fe.ally contaminate. surface.wate.s,soil,or fomite.,in low-re.ource.se.tings for public he.lth action.1,2 The.powe. of e. in lowre.ource.se.tings is most cle.rly illustrate. with the.ove. 30 ye.rs of we.l-e.tablishe. and standardize. polio *** part of the.Global Polio e.adication Initiative.the.World He.lth Organization(WHO)has accre.ite. 146 laboratorie. within the.Global Polio Lab Ne.work(GPLN).The.e.facilitie. across 92 countrie. proce.s ove. 8,000 waste.ate. or fe.ally contaminate. surface.wate. sample. pe. ye.r,in addition to ove. 220,000 stool sample. annually.3 The.data ge.e.ate. from the.GPLN are.close.y linke. to cle.r public he.lth action re.ate. to targe.e. vaccination *** inve.tme.t and adoption of e. for polio e.adication e.forts se.ve. as a use.case.for othe. targe.s of *** e.plore.the.curre.t state.of the.fie.d,the.National Scie.ce.Foundation-funde. Re.e.rch Coordination Ne.work(RCN)on Waste.ate. Base. e.ide.iology for SARS-CoV-2 and e.e.ging Public He.lth Thre.ts he.d a workshop in De.e.be. 2023 to discuss the.opportunitie. and challe.ge. for e. in low-re.ource.se.tings(Figure.1).Discussions during the.workshop highlighte. knowle.ge.gaps,be.t-practice.,targe. se.e.tion,acade.ic/gove.nme.t/private.partne.ships and ove.all public he.lth action and sustainability of the.e.programs.

关键词： waste.ate. Waste.ate. annually

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Puncturing the.myths of acupuncture

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Journal of Inte.rative.Me.icine 2016年第5期14卷 311-314页

作者： molly J. Mallor Ale.ande. Do Sara e. Bublitz Susan J. Ve.e.e. Bre.tA. Baue. Anjali Bhagra Comple.e.tary and inte.rative.Me.icine Division General internal Medicine Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Acupuncture.is a wide.y practice. syste. of me.icine.that has be.n in place.for thousands of ye.rs. Consume. inte.e.t and use.of acupuncture.are.be.oming incre.singly popular in the.Unite. State., as it is use. to tre.t a multitude.of symptoms and dise.se.proce.se. as we.l as to maintain he.lth and pre.e.t illne.s. A growing body of e.ide.ce.incre.singly validate. the.practice.of acupuncture. Furthe. de.e.oping scie.tific data will play an important role.in the.future.of acupuncture.and othe. comple.e.tary and alte.native.me.icine. in public he.lth. Acupuncture.is commonly use. concurre.tly with conve.tional me.icine. Although acupuncture.is e.brace. by consume.s and me.ical profe.sionals misconce.tions abound. We.have.e.plore. and dispe.le. te. misconce.tions common to the.practice.of acupuncture. utilizing an e.ide.ce.base. approach. As the.tre.d of me.ging conve.tional me.ical care.with acupuncture.tre.tme.t grows, it is important to de.e.op a conce.tual mode. of inte.rative.me.icine. Using a scie.tific e.ide.ce.approach will cre.te.a structure.from which to be.in and grow confide.ce.among conve.tional me.ical provide.s. Acupuncture.is a safe.and e.fe.tive.modality whe. pe.forme. prope.ly by traine. profe.sionals. e.ucating both the.consume. and me.ical community is important to e.able.appropriate.and e.ide.ce.base. applications of acupuncture.and inte.ration with conve.tional me.icine.for high-quality patie.t care.

关键词： acupuncture comple.e.tary the.apie. e.ucation quality of life safe.y

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Magne.ic analyse. of isosce.e. tricobalt(II) comple.e. containing two type. of octahe.ral high-spin cobalt(II) ions

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Ope. Journal of Inorganic Che.istry 2011年第3期1卷 33-38页

作者： Hiroshi Sakiyama Harry Adams David e. Fe.ton Laura R. cummings Paul e. McHugh Hisashi Okawa 不详

The.obse.ve. magne.ic data for two isosce.e. tricobalt(II) comple.e. have.be.n succe.sfully analyze., conside.ing the.axial distortion around e.ch cobalt(II) ion, the.local spin-orbit coupling, the.anisotropic e.change.inte.actions, and the.inte.mole.ular e.change.inte.actions. The.comple.e. e.ch contains two type. of octahe.ral high-spin cobalt(II) ions (CoA and CoB) in the.shape.of an isosce.e. triangle.(CoA1–CoB–CoA2), and the.contribution of the.orbital angular mome.tum is significant. The.e.change.inte.action be.we.n the.CoA and CoB ions is practically ne.ligible.(J = ~ 0), whe.e.s the.inte.action be.we.n the.CoA1 and CoA2 ions is fe.romagne.ic (J’ > 0) for both comple.e..

关键词： Tricobalt(II) Comple. Magne.ic Prope.tie. Spin-Orbit Coupling e.change Inte.action

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The.SAFe.T uppe. e.doscopy tool:a we.-base. application for the.point-of-care.e.aluation of gastroe.te.ology fe.low pe.formance.in uppe. e.doscopy

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Gastroe.te.ology Re.ort 2020年第6期8卷 431-436,I0001,I0002页

作者： Navin L.Kumar Guillaume.Kuge.e. Ke.ly e.Hathorn molly L.Pe.e.ce.ich Kunal Jajoo John R.Saltzman Division of Gastroe.te.ology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA Harvard Me.ical School BostonMAUSA Massachuse.ts Institute.of Te.hnology CambridgeMAUSA

Background:Atte.ding asse.sme.t is a critical part of e.doscopic e.ucation for gastroe.te.ology *** aim of this study was to de.e.op and validate.a concise.we.-base. asse.sme.t tool to e.aluate.re.l-time.fe.low pe.formance.in uppe. ***:We.de.e.ope. the.Skill Asse.sme.t in Fe.low e.doscopy Training(SAFe.T)uppe. e.doscopy tool to capture.both summative.and formative.fe.dback in a concise.five.part *** tool mirrors the.pre.iously validate. SAFe.T colonoscopy tool and is administe.e. e.e.tronically via a we.-base. *** e.aluate. the.tool in a prospe.tive.study of 15 gastroe.te.ology fe.lows(5 fe.lows e.ch from Ye.rs 1–3 of training)ove. the.2018–2019 acade.ic *** inde.e.de.t re.ie.e. e.aluate. a subse. of the.e.proce.ure. and comple.e. both the.SAFe.T and Asse.sme.t of Compe.e.cy in e.doscopy(ACe.uppe. e.doscopy forms for re.iability ***:Twe.ty faculty comple.e. 413 SAFe.T e.aluations of the.15 fe.lows in the.*** me.n SAFe.T ove.all score.diffe.e.tiate. e.ch se.ue.tial fe.low ye.r of training,with first-ye.r case. having lowe. pe.formance.than se.ond-ye.r case.(3.31 vs 4.25,Pe.ond-ye.r case. having lowe. pe.formance.than third-ye.r case.(4.25 vs 4.56,Pe.me.n SAFe.T ove.all score.de.re.se. with incre.sing case.comple.ity score.with straightforward compare. with ave.age.case.(3.98 vs 3.39,Pe.age.compare. with challe.ging case.(3.39 vs 2.84,P=0.042).In dual-obse.ve. proce.ure.,the.SAFe.T tool showe. e.ce.le.t inte.-rate. re.iability with a Kappa agre.me.t statistic of 0.815(P=0.001).The.SAFe.T ove.all score.also highly corre.ate. with the.ACe.uppe. e.doscopy ove.all hands-on score.r=0.76,P=0.011).Conclusions:We.de.e.ope. and validate. the.SAFe.T uppe. e.doscopy tool—a concise.and we.-base. me.ns of asse.sing re.l-time.gastroe.te.ology fe.low pe.formance.in uppe. e.doscopy.

关键词： e.doscopy e.ucation asse.sme.t tool fe.lowship traine.

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Nitroge. Gas Saturation in Karst Springs Varie. Throughout the.Day

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Journal of Wate. Re.ource.and Prote.tion 2023年第2期15卷 23-32页

作者： molly A. Gross Jill M. Voorhe.s Abigail Se.ple.Domagall Michae. e. Barne. De.artme.t of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA School of Natural Scie.ce. Environmental Physical Science Black Hills State University Spearfish South Dakota USA

This e.pe.ime.t e.amine. the.fluctuations in nitroge. gas supe.saturation throughout the.day in thre. karst springs (uppe., side. and lowe.) at McNe.ny State.Fish Hatche.y, rural Spe.rfish, Lawre.ce.County, South Dakota, USA. Total gas pre.sure., oxyge. pe.ce.t saturation, and nitroge. pe.ce.t saturation we.e.re.orde. six time./day on e.ght days ove. a 26-day pe.iod in e.ch of the.thre. springs. Total gas pre.sure.did not vary significantly throughout the.day in any of the.springs. Howe.e., pe.ce.t oxyge. and nitroge. saturation we.e.significantly diffe.e.t throughout the.day in all thre. springs. The.highe.t me.n (Se. nitroge. supe.saturation value.of 118.5 (1.1)% was obse.ve. in the.lowe. spring at 07:00. The.lowe.t me.n nitroge. supe.saturation value. we.e.114.5 (1.1)% at 13:00 in the.uppe. spring, and 114.2 (0.2)% and 113.1 (0.7)% at 15:00 in the.side.and lowe. spring, re.pe.tive.y. At 118% nitroge. supe.saturation, gas bubble.dise.se.is like.y to occur in fish, re.ulting in pote.tially high le.e.s of mortality if untre.te. spring wate. was use. for fish production. The.re.ults of this study indicate.the.importance.of re.ording nitroge. gas le.e.s at sunrise.or e.rly in the.morning, whe. nitroge. is highe.t and oxyge. is lowe.t, to obtain accurate.and re.roducible.data.

关键词： Karst Springs Aquife. Gas Supe.saturation Nitroge. Aquaculture

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