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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 676-687页

作者： Chuan Li Yun Bai Yuwei Hou Siyu Wang Yue Xin Tao Yu Jing Wang Xiaowei Liu Hongyang Yi Chao Xia Hai Lan moju cao State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Maize Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina

Maize plant architecture influences planting density and,in turn,grain yield.Most of the plant architecture-related traits can be described as organ size.We describe a miniature maize mutant,Tiny plant 4(Tip4),which exhibits reduced size of multiple organs and exhibits a semi-dominant monofactorial inheritance characteristic.Positional cloning confirmed that a 4-bp deletion in the NAC TF with transmembrane motif 1-Like(NTL)gene ZmNTL2,denoted as ZmNTL2^(Δ),confers the Tip4 mutation.qRT-PCR showed that ZmNTL2 was expressed in all tested tissues.ZmNTL2 functions as a transcriptional activator and is located in both the nucleus and biomembranes.The mutation does not affect the mRNA abundance of ZmNTL2 locus,but it does result in the loss of transmembrane domain and confines the ZmNTL2^(Δ)protein to the nucleus.Knocking out ZmNTL2 has no effect on maize organ size development,indicating that the 4-bp deletion might be a gain-of-function mutation in organ size regulation.Combining transcriptome sequencing with cytokinin and auxin content determination suggests that the decreased organ size may be possibly mediated by changes in hormone homeostasis.

关键词： Organ size c-ray mutagenesis Membrane-bound NAC TF Hormone homeostasis Maize

ZmMS39 encodes a callose synthase essential for male fertility in maize(Zea mays L.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 394-404页

作者： Qunkai Niu Ziwen Shi Peng Zhang Shuai Su Bin Jiang Xiaowei Liu Zhuofan Zhao Suzhi Zhang Qiang Huang Chuan Li Tao Yu Hongyang Yi Tingzhao Rong moju cao Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region Maize Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Chengdu Agricultural College Chengdu 611130SichuanChina Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy Chengdu 611130SichuanChina

Callose contributes to many biological processes of higher plants including pollen development,cell plate and vascular tissue formation,as well as regulating the transport function of plasmodesmata.The functions of callose synthase genes in maize have been little studied.We describe a maize male-sterile mutant 39(ms39)characterized by reduced plant height.In this study,we confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology that a mutation in Zm00001d043909(ZmCals12),encoding a callose synthase,is responsible for the male sterility of the ms39 mutant.Compared with male-fertile plants,callose deposition around the dyads and tetrads in ms39 anthers was significantly reduced.Increased cell autophagy observed in ms39 anthers may have been due to the premature programmed cell death of tapetal cells,leading to collapse of the anther wall structure.Disordered glucose metabolism in ms39 may have intensified autophagy in anthers.Evaluation of the ms39 gene on maize heterosis by paired-crossed experiment with 11 maize inbred lines indicated that ms39 can be used for maize hybrid seed production.

关键词： Maize Genic male sterility Callose synthase Tapetal PCD Anther and pollen development Autophagy

The Genetic Architecture of Flowering Time and Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize as Revealed by QTL Review and Meta Analysis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第6期54卷 358-373页

作者： Jie Xu Yaxi Liu Jian Liu moju cao Jing Wang Hai Lan Yunbi Xu Yanli Lu Guangtang Pan Tingzhao Rong Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang 611130SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region Ministry of AgricultureChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang 611130SichuanChina Institute of Crop Sciences National Key Facilities for Crop Genetic Resources and ImprovementChinese Academy of Agricultura SciencesBeijing 100081China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El Batan 56130TexcocoMexico

The control of flowering is not only important for reproduction, but also plays a key role in the processes of domestication and adaptation. To reveal the genetic architecture for flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity, a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant literature was performed and followed by meta analysis. A total of 25 synthetic con- sensus quantitative trait loci （QTL） and four hot-spot genomic regions were identified for photoperiod sensitivity including 11 genes related to photoperiod response or flower morphogenesis and development. Besides, a comparative analysis of the QTL for flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity highlighted the regions containing shared and unique QTL for the two traits. Candidate genes associated with maize flowering were identified through integrated analysis of the homologous genes for flowering time in plants and the consensus QTL regions for photoperiod sensitivity in maize （Zea mays L.）. Our results suggest that the combination of literature review, meta-analysis and homologous blast is an efficient approach to identify new candidate genes and create a global view of the genetic architecture for maize photoperiodic flowering. Sequences of candidate genes can be used to develop molecular markers for various models of marker-assisted selection, such as marker-assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection that can contribute significantly to crop environmental adaptation.

关键词： Maize flowering time photoperiod sensitivity meta-analysis consensus quantitative trait loci （cQTL） molecular breeding.

A valine residue deletion in ZmSig2A, a sigma factor, accounts for a revertible leaf-color mutation in maize

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1330-1343页

作者： Chuan Li Jingwen Wang Zhaoyong Hu Yuanyan Xia Qiang Huang Tao Yu Hongyang Yi Yanli Lu Jing Wang moju cao Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Chengdu 611130SichuanChina

A nuclear-encoded sigma(σ) factor is essential for the transcriptional regulation of plant chloroplastencoded genes. Five putative maize r factors have been identified by database searches, but their functions are unknown. We report a maize leaf color mutant etiolated/albino leaf 1(eal1) that was derived from space mutation breeding. The eal1 mutant displays etiolated or albino leaves that then gradually turn to normal green at the seedling stage. The changes in eal1 leaf color are associated with changes in photosynthetic pigment content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that a single amino-acid deletion changing Val_(480)-Val_(481)-Val_(482) to Val_(480)-Val_(481), in the C-terminal domain σ_(4) of the putative σ factor ZmSig2A, is responsible for the eal1 mutation. In comparison with the expression level of the wild-type(WT) allele ZmSig2A^(+) in WT plants, much higher expression of the mutant allele ZmSig2A^(⊿V) in eal1 plants was detected before the eal1 plants turned to normal green. ZmSig2A shows the highest similarity to rice OsSig2A and Arabidopsis SIG2. Ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(+) or ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter rescued the pale green leaf of the sig2 mutant, but ectopic expression of ZmSig2A^(⊿V) driven by the SIG2 promoter did not. We propose that the Val deletion generated a new weak allele of ZmSig2A that cannot completely abolish the ZmSig2A function. Some genes involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes showed significant expression differences between eal1 and WT plants. We conclude that ZmSig2A encoding a r factor is essential for maize chloroplast development. The eal1 mutant with a weak allele of ZmSig2A represents a valuable genetic resource for investigating the regulation of ZmSig2A-mediated chloroplast development in maize.The eal1 mutation may be useful as a marker for early identification and elimination of false hybrids or transgene transmission in the application of genetic male steril

关键词： Leaf color mutant Map-based cloning Sigma factor Chloroplast development Maize

一份新的玉米永久性失绿突变体chs10的鉴定及基因克隆

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四川农业大学学报 2024年第1期42卷 46-56,102页

作者：侯雨微岳毓菁李川苏帅易洪杨曹墨菊四川农业大学玉米研究所/农业农村部西南玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室成都611130

【目的】利用60Co-γ射线处理自交系齐319获得了一份新的玉米叶色突变体,对该突变体进行遗传分析、基因定位与克隆,并对候选基因的功能进行初步分析。【方法】以该突变体为亲本,构建遗传分析群体和基因定位群体;通过图位克隆技术获得关... 详细信息

【目的】利用60Co-γ射线处理自交系齐319获得了一份新的玉米叶色突变体,对该突变体进行遗传分析、基因定位与克隆,并对候选基因的功能进行初步分析。【方法】以该突变体为亲本,构建遗传分析群体和基因定位群体;通过图位克隆技术获得关键候选基因;利用生物信息学方法分析关键候选基因的结构和进化关系;通过qRT-PCR技术检测候选基因在不同组织中的表达差异;同时运用烟草瞬时表达技术对候选基因进行亚细胞定位表达分析。【结果】鉴定了一份玉米永久性失绿突变体chs10(Permanent chlorosis 10),chs10自V2时期开始,叶片从幼苗基部到顶部逐渐由绿转黄,后期的生长发育过程中不再复绿,并且,整个植株包括叶鞘、叶环、茎秆、苞叶和雄穗也均为黄色。该突变体受一对隐性核基因控制,可稳定遗传,植株生长发育正常,可正常授粉结实。突变基因被定位于玉米第10染色体长臂标记SNP-2和SNP-3之间约0.17 Mb范围内,确定了关键候选基因Zm00001d025860,qRT-PCR结果显示Zm00001d025860在玉米根、茎、叶和叶鞘中均有表达,但在叶片中高表达,亚细胞定位结果显示目标蛋白被定位在细胞膜和叶绿体中。利用STRING预测发现Zm00001d025860与卟啉结合蛋白GUN4基因互作,GUN4与叶绿素合成中的镁离子螯合酶(MgCh)具有反馈调节作用。【结论】Zm00001d025860基因的突变导致突变体chs10叶色的改变,并且Zm00001d025860可能通过参与叶绿素合成途径来调控叶色变化。突变体chs10的发现一方面丰富了玉米叶色突变体研究的基因资源,同时为解析镁离子螯合酶在叶绿素合成途径中的作用机理奠定了材料基础。

关键词：玉米遗传分析叶色突变体 chs10 图位克隆

The Coix Genome Provides Insights into Panicoideae Evolution and Papery Hull Domestication

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Molecular Plant 2020年第2期13卷 309-320页

作者： Chao Guo Yanan Wang Aiguo Yang Jun He Chaowen Xiao Shanhua Lv Fengming Han Yibing Yuan Yuan Yuan Xiaolong Dong Juan Guo YawenYang-Hailan Liu Ningzhi Zuo Yaxi Hu Kangxu Zhao Zhengbo Jiang Xing Wang Tingting Jiang Yaou Sherf moju cao Yuan Wang Zhaobo Long Tingzhao Rong Luqi Huang Shufeng Zhou State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest RegionMinistry of AgricultureMaize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di HerbsBeijing 100700China Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Qingdao 266101China Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China College of Agronomy Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China Biomarker Technologies Corporation Beijing 101300China

Coix is a grass crop domesticated as early as the Neolithic era.It is still widely cultivated for both highly nutritional food and medicinal use.However,the genetic study and breeding of this crop are hindered by the lack of a sequenced genome.Here,we report de novo sequencing and assembly of the 1619-Mb genome of Coix,and annotation of 75.39%repeats and 39629 protein-coding genes.Comparative genomics analysis showed that Coix is more closely related to sorghum than maize,but intriguingly only Coix and maize had a recent genome duplication event,which was not detected in sorghum.We further constructed a genetic map and mapped several important traits,especially the strength of hull.Selection of papery hull(thin:easy dehulling)from the stony hull(thick:difficult dehulling)in wild progenitors was a key step in Coix domestication.The papery hull makes seed easier to process and germinate.Anatomic and global transcriptome analysis revealed that the papery hull is a result of inhibition of cell division and wall biogenesis.We also successfully demonstrated that seed hull pressure resistance is controlled by two major quantitative trait loci(QTLs),which are associated with hull thickness and color,respectively.The two QTLs were further fine mapped within intervals of 250 kb and 146 kb,respectively.These resources provide a platform for evolutionary studies and will facilitate molecular breeding of this important crop.

关键词： Coix genome Comparative genomics Panicoideae evolution hull domestication QTL mapping

Cloning and characterizing of the fertility restoration associated DNA fragment for C-CMS in Maize

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Cloning and characterizing of the fertility restoration asso...

Analysis of DNA methylation in different maize tissues

第一届全国玉米生物学学术研讨会

作者：刘永明 moju cao Maize Research Institute /Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement Ministry of Education/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest RegionMinistry of AgricultureP.R.ChinaSichuan Agricultural University

Compared with T/S-CMS,C-type cytoplasmic male sterility(C-CMS)is becoming the most widely applied form of CMS for the production of hybrid seeds in maize.Nevertheless,its genetic basis of the system of fertility restoration is still unknown and complex.In our study,crosses were made with 6homocytoplasm-heterokaryotic C-CMS lines and 6 testers(diversiform fertility

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第1期35卷 41-48页

作者： Yanli Lu, Tingzhao Rong, moju cao Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resource and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Ya’an, 625014, China Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resource and Improvement Ministry of Education Ya'an 625014 China

DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development and tissue differentiation in plants. This study adopted methylation-sensitive Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to compare the levels of DNA cyto- sine methylation at CCGG sites in tassel, bracteal leaf, and ear leaf from maize inbred lines, 18 White and 18 Red, respectively, and also examined specific methylation patterns of the three tissues. Significant differences in cytosine methylation level among the three tissues and the same changing tendency in two inbred lines were detected. Both MSAP (methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism) ratio and full methylation level were the highest in bracteal leaf, and the lowest in tassel. Meanwhile, different methylation levels were ob- served in the same tissue from the inbred lines, 18 White and 18 Red. Full methylation of internal cytosine was the dominant type in the maize genome. The differential methylation patterns in the three tissues were observed. In addition, sequencing of nine differentially me- thylated fragments and the subsequent blast search revealed that the cytosine methylated 5′-CCGG-3′sequences were distributed in re- peating sequences, in the coding and noncoding regions. Southern hybridization was used to verify the methylation polymorphism. These results clearly demonstrated the power of the MSAP technique for large-scale DNA methylation detection in the maize genome, and the complexity of DNA methylation change during plant growth and development. The different methylation levels may be related to specific gene expression in various tissues.

关键词： DNA methylation MSAP isoschizomers

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玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用

遗传 2022年第2期44卷 134-152页

作者：时子文何青赵卓凡刘孝伟张鹏曹墨菊四川农业大学玉米研究所农业农村部西南玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室成都611130

植物雄性不育是指植物雄性生殖器官不能产生正常有功能花粉的现象。玉米(Zea mays L.)是重要的粮食作物之一,也是较早利用杂种优势的作物之一。当前,生产上广泛种植的玉米品种类型主要是单交种。我国玉米杂交种的播种面积常年稳定在6.2... 详细信息

植物雄性不育是指植物雄性生殖器官不能产生正常有功能花粉的现象。玉米(Zea mays L.)是重要的粮食作物之一,也是较早利用杂种优势的作物之一。当前,生产上广泛种植的玉米品种类型主要是单交种。我国玉米杂交种的播种面积常年稳定在6.2亿亩左右,年用种量10亿公斤以上,常年制种面积高达250多万亩。利用传统的人工去雄或机械去雄的制种方式进行杂交种子的生产,通常需要投入大量的人力、物力和财力。我国玉米制种基地具有明显的区域性,而玉米制种基地对劳动力的需求具有较强的季节性,当前伴随着大量农村劳动力的城市化转移,玉米制种基地出现了严重的用工慌,制种基地的租地费用和人工成本不断提高,使得种子生产成本不断升高。利用植物雄性不育系进行杂交种子的规模化生产,不仅能有效保证杂交种纯度,而且可以大大降低杂交种子的生产成本,同时还可避免极端天气条件下的人工去雄或机械去雄的田间操作困难等问题。因此利用雄性不育进行不育化制种是玉米种业发展的必然趋势。本文综述了我国玉米细胞质雄性不育以及包含光温敏雄性不育在内的细胞核雄性不育资源的发掘及创制进程、植物雄性不育资源从自然群体中获得到有目的性创制的发展过程及玉米雄性不育的研究进展,分析了玉米雄性不育的应用现状及存在的问题。基于我国玉米种业的发展趋势和雄性不育的研究及应用现状,提出了7个需要加强的方面,为玉米雄性不育的创制、研究和利用提供参考。

关键词：玉米雄性不育杂种优势应用现状

多胞质、多核背景下玉米细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的同工酶分析

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四川农业大学学报 1998年第4期16卷 407-413页

作者：曹墨菊荣廷昭四川农业大学玉米研究中心

对玉米同核异质和同质异核两套不育系及其相应保持系单核至双核期的花药，采用薄层垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续电泳及光密度扫描方法进行酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析。结果表明：这两种酶的同工酶在同一核背景下的不胞质之间和同一胞... 详细信息

对玉米同核异质和同质异核两套不育系及其相应保持系单核至双核期的花药，采用薄层垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续电泳及光密度扫描方法进行酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析。结果表明：这两种酶的同工酶在同一核背景下的不胞质之间和同一胞质下的不同核背景之间均表现出不同程度的差异，各类不育系与其相应保持系之间也表现出一定程度的差异。结合试验结果文中还对质核互作雄性不育产生的机理进行了讨论。

关键词：玉米同核异质同质异核细胞质雄性不育同工酶