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Pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders:Revisiting gastrointestinal involvement and immune imbalance

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9942-9951页

作者： mohtashem samsam Raheleh Ahangari Saleh A Naser Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences (BSBS) College of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida

Autism spectrum disorders(ASD)comprise a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that begin in early childhood and are characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral problems including restricted interests and repetitive *** genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD,most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis.A number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal(GI)abnormalities and immune imbalance have been linked to the pathophysiology of *** to the March 2012 report released by United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,the prevalence of ASD has sharply increased during the recent years and one out of 88 children suffers now from ASD *** there is a strong genetic base for the disease,several associated factors could have a direct link to the pathogenesis of ASD or act as modifiers of the genes thus aggravating the initial *** children suffering from ASD have GI problems such as abdominal pain,chronic diarrhea,constipation,vomiting,gastroesophageal reflux,and intestinal infections.A number of studies focusing on the intestinal mucosa,its permeability,abnormal gut development,leaky gut,and other GI problem raised many questions but studies were somehow inconclusive and an expert panel of American Academy of Pediatrics has strongly recommended further investigation in these *** tract has a direct connection with the immune system and an imbalanced immune response is usually seen in ASD *** infection or autoimmune diseases have been *** of the immune system during early development may have deleterious effect on various organs including the nervous *** this review we revisited briefly the GI and immune system abnormalities and neuropeptide imbalance and their role in the pathophysiology of ASD and discussed some future research directions.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorders Gastrointestinal abnormalities Immune activation Crohn's disease Neuropeptides Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

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