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Emerging Frontiers in Vaccine Development: A Review of Changing Paradigm

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 123-145页

作者： Ishan Ghosh mohit D. gandhi Huntington Beach High School Huntington Beach USA Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics ICON Early Clinical Development Lenexa USA

The technology behind vaccine development varies significantly from one vaccine to another depending on the time when the vaccine was first developed. Over the years, the vaccine innovation time has significantly shortened with the advancement of knowledge in the fields of molecular and cell biology, and discoveries in the field of biotechnology. The first vaccines created were tested in a kind of trial-and-error approach which sometimes had deadly side effects. These vaccines used either living, weakened, or completely dead pathogens. The use of whole pathogen vaccines was seen to be time consuming and unpredictable because even though it would cause an immune response, it could vary from person to person, and always had the risk of pathogens returning to virulence causing sometimes fatal outcomes. The next major technology used to create vaccines was subunit vaccines which utilize purified antigens inactivated through various methods. This technology is quite prevalent among the vaccines that are currently in circulation, making them quite effective, and free from fatal side effects. The viral vector vaccine technology has been around for a few decades and utilizes knowledge of molecular genetics to the greatest extent. It uses intermediate vectors to deliver genetic instructions to trigger an immune response within the subject body. The introduction of nucleic acid vaccines is the newest technology and has come to a great deal of attention during the SARS-CoV-2 immunization efforts. The technology primarily utilizes the delivery of genetic information using messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to create characteristic pathogen-specific proteins that in turn generate an immune response in the recipients.

关键词： Vaccine Technology DNA Vaccine mRNA Vaccine COVID-19 Vaccine Vaccine Development

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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： mohit gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is *** few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity *** study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an ***:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January *** with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this *** data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for *** were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization *** control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic *** primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these *** and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of *** relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W *** independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age ***'s exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was *** strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,***:There were 88 patients included in this *** statistical si

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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Can Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Efforts at Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers Lead to Pediatric Case Detection in Bihar, India?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第1期4卷 46-54页

作者： Rajeev R. Pathak Bal Krishna Mishra Patrick K. Moonan Sreenivas A. Nair Ajay M. V. Kumar mohit P. gandhi Shamim Mannan Smita Ghosh WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Centre Patna India US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of TB Elimination Atlanta USA International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India

Introduction: Seven district-level Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) in Bihar, India provide clinical and nutritional care for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Aim: To assess whether intensified case finding (ICF) strategies at NRCs can lead to pediatric case detection among SAM children and link them to TB treatment under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included medical record reviews of SAM children registered for TB screening and RNTCP care during July-December 2012. Results: Among 440 SAM children screened, 39 (8.8%) were diagnosed with TB. Among these, 34 (87%) initiated TB treatment and 18 (53%) were registered with the RNTCP. Of 16 children not registered under the RNTCP, nine (56%) weighed below six kilo-grams—the current weight requirement for receiving drugs under RNTCP. Conclusion: ICF approaches are feasible at NRCs;however, screening for TB entails diagnostic challenges, especially among SAM children. However, only half of the children diagnosed with TB were treated by the RNTCP. More effort is needed to link this vulnerable population to TB services in addition to introducing child-friendly drug formulations for covering children weighing less than six kilo-grams.

关键词： Tuberculosis Children Malnutrition India Screening

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Organizational dynamics of an information system: case study from the forestry sector

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Journal of Forestry Research 2007年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者： Rajiv Kumar Garg Jitendra Kumar Das mohit Gera Uttar Pradesh Forest Department Lucknow-226010INDIA Indian Institute of Management Lucknow - 226016INDIA Indira gandhi National Forest Academy Dehradun - 248006INDIA

The Forest Department in the State of Uttar Pradesh, India developed Forest Management Information System (FMIS) for achieving organizational goals of improved financial and human resource management, improvement in the management of forests and wildlife, and for achieving responsive administration. This paper, based on field research, presents an assessment of the dynamics of FMIS in organizational context for a better understanding of such systems in forestry organizations. The paper also investigates the success of FMIS in assisting decision makers in achieving organizational goals. Based on the knowledge developed during the course of the study, key learning elements have been highlighted for the benefit of the stakeholders in information systems in forest sector.

关键词： Business process reengineering Culture change Human resource Information system Socio-economic profile Strategic management

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A Comprehensive Review on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第3期10卷 665-697页

作者： Pooja Dange Nishit Savla Soumya Pandit Rambabu Bobba Sokhee P.Jung Piyush Kumar Gupta mohit Sahni Ram Prasad Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity UniversityMumbai410206India Department of Life Sciences School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida201306India Department of Physics Southern University and A&M CollegeBaton Rouge70813USA Department of Environment and Energy Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Department of Physics School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida201306India Department of Botany Mahatma Gandhi Central UniversityBihar845401India

The focus of microbial fuel cell research in recent years has been on the development of materials,microbes,and transfer of charges in the system,resulting in a substantial improvement in current density and improved power *** cathode is generally recognized as the limiting factor due to its high-distance proton transfer,slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and expensive *** heterogeneous reaction determines power gen-eration in *** comprehensive review describes-recent advancements in the development of cathode mate-rials and catalysts associated with *** recent studies indicated the utilization of different metal oxides,the ferrite-based catalyst to overcome this *** studies conclude that some cathode materials,in parti-cular,graphene-based conductive polymer composites with non-precious metal catalysts provide substantial ben-efits for sustainable development in the field of ***,it also highlights the potentiality to replace the conventional platinum air cathode for the large-scale production of the next generation of *** was evi-dent from the experiments that cathode catalyst needs to be blended with conductive carbon materials to make cathode conductive and efficient for *** review discusses various antifouling strategies for cathode biofoul-ing and its effect on the MFC ***,it also depicts cost estimations of various catalysts essential for further scale-up of MFC technology.

关键词： Cathode catalyst microbial fuel cell(MFC) nanomaterials oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) biofouling biocathode

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Enhanced osseointegration of drug eluting nanotubular dental implants: An in vitro and in vivo study

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 432-447页

作者： Pankaj Chauhan Alok Srivastava Pooja Bhati Manish Chaturvedi Vinay Patil Sriram Kunnoth Nisha Kumari Vedpal Arya Madhur Pandya mohit Agarwal Smiti Bhardwaj Farrukh Faraz Sanjay Chauhan Mahesh Verma Veena Koul Naresh Bhatnagar Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre VizagAndhra PradeshIndia Centre for Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiIndia Mechanical&Automation Engineering Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for WomenNew DelhiIndia Rajasthan Technical University Kota RajasthanIndia Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiIndia National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Periodontics Maulana Azad Institute of Dental SciencesNew DelhiIndia Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital JaipurRajasthanIndia Department of Prosthodontics Maulana Azad Institute of Dental SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Faster and predictable osseointegration is crucial for the success of dental implants, especially in patients with compromised local or systemic conditions. Despite various surface modifications on the commercially available Titanium (Ti) dental implants, the bioactivity of Ti is still low. Thus, to achieve both biological and therapeutic activity on titanium surfaces, surface modification techniques such as titanium nanotubes have been studied as nanotube surfaces can hold therapeutic drugs and molecules. The main aim of the present research work is to study the early osseointegration around the novel Simvastatin drug eluting nanotubular dental implant. In the present research, the titanium nanotubes were fabricated on the screw-shaped dental implant surface and the Simvastatin drug was loaded into the nanotubes using the ultrasonication dip method. In vitro and In vivo studies were carried out on the modified dental implants. In vitro cell culture study reported enhanced osteogenic activity on the drug-loaded nanotube surface implants. The in vivo animal studies were evaluated by micro-CT, histopathology, and reverse torque removal analysis methods. The test results showed faster osseointegration with the strong interface on the Simvastatin drug-loaded implant surface at 4 weeks of healing as compared to the control implants.

关键词： Titanium Biocompatibility Simvastatin Nanotube Micro CT Histopathology Nanoscale

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