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Optimizing PID controller parameters for robust automatic voltage regulator system through indirect design approach-2

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第5期7卷 682-696页

作者： mohd Zaidi mohd Tumari mohd ashraf ahmad mohd Riduwan Ghazali mohd Helmi Suid Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaDurian Tunggal76100Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

Automatic voltage regulators(AVR)are designed to manipulate a synchronous generator’s voltage level *** integral derivative(PID)controllers are typically used in AVR systems to regulate *** advanced PID tuning methods have been proposed,the actual voltage response differs from the theoretical predictions due to modeling errors and system *** requires continuous fine tuning of the PID ***,manual adjustment of these parameters can compromise the stability and robustness of the AVR *** study focuses on the online self-tuning of PID controllers called indirect design approach-2(IDA-2)in AVR systems while preserving *** particular,we indirectly tune the PID controller by shifting the frequency *** new PID parameters depend on the frequency-shifting constant and the previously optimized PID *** the frequency-shifting constant modifies all the PID parameters simultaneously,thereby improving the control performance and *** evaluate the robustness of the proposed online PID tuning method by comparing the gain margins(GMs)and phase margins(PMs)with previously optimized PID parameters during parameter *** proposed method is further evaluated in terms of disturbance rejection,measurement noise,and frequency response analysis during parameter uncertainty calculations against existing *** show that the proposed method significantly improves the robustness of the controller in the AVR *** summary,online self-tuning enables automated PID parameter adjustment in an AVR system,while maintaining stability and robustness.

关键词： PID controller tuning AVR system Indirect design approach(IDA) Frequency-shifting Robust control

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Generalized*-Lie Higher Derivable Mappings on*-Rings

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Algebra Colloquium 2020年第3期27卷 415-432页

作者： Mohammad ashraf mohd Shuaib Akhtar Bilal ahmad Wani Department of Mathematics Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Let R be a*-ring with the center Z(R)and N be the set of nonnegative *** this paper,it is shown that if R contains a nontrivial self-adjoint idempotent which admits a generalized Lie higher derivable mapping△={G_(n)}_(n∈N)associated with a*-Lie higher derivable mapping L={L_(n)}_(n∈N),then for any X,Y in R and for each n in N there exists an element Z_(X,Y)(depending on X and Y)in the center Z(R)such that G_(n)(X+Y)=G_(n)(X)+G_(n)(Y)+Z_(X,Y).

关键词： rings derivations *-Lie higher derivable mappings generalized*-Lie higher derivable mappings

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Development and Implementation of a Technique for Norms-Adaptable Agents in Open Multi-Agent Communities

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第6期29卷 1519-1537页

作者： MAHMOUD Moamin ahmad mohd Sharifuddin mohd YUSOFF mohd Zaliman Center for Agent Technology College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Tenaga Nasional

In open normative multi-agent communities,an agent is not usually and explicitly given the norms of the host ***,when it is not able to adapt the communities's norms,it is totally deprived of accessing resources and services from the *** circumstance severely affects its performance resulting in failure to achieve its ***,this study attempts to overcome this deficiency by proposing a technique that enables an agent to detect the host's potential norms via self-enforcement and update its norms even in the absence of sanctions from a *** authors called this technique as the potential norms detection technique(PNDT).The PNDT consists of five components: Agent's belief base; observation process; potential norms mining algorithm(PNMA);verification process; and updating *** authors demonstrate the operation of the PNMA algorithm by testing it on a typical scenario and analyzing the results on several *** tests' results show that the PNDT performs satisfactorily albeit the success rate depends on the environment variables settings.

关键词： Agent-based simulation normative agent norms deatetcin self-enforcement agent.

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The impact of different drying methods on antioxidant activity,polyphenols,vitamin C and rehydration characteristics of Kiwifruit

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Food Bioscience 2022年第4期48卷 613-619页

作者： Tashooq ahmad Bhat Syed Zameer Hussain Sajad mohd Wani mohd ashraf Rather Monica Reshi Bazila Naseer Tahiya Qadri Aroosa Khalil Division of Food Science and Technology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of KashmirShalimar190025India Division of Fruit Science Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology(SKUAST)KashmirShalimar190025India Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Faculty of Fisheries RangilGanderbalShere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology(SKUAST)KashmirIndia

Kiwifruits were dried with convection drying,microwave drying and hybrid drying methods(hot air+microwave).Effect of different drying treatments-convection drying(CD),microwave drying(MD)and hybrid drying(HD)on physicochemical,nutritional and anti-oxidant properties of kiwifruits were *** hybrid drying technique significantly reduced drying time and increased drying rate as compared to other drying *** dried kiwifruit slices showed the best texture attributes(low hardness,low shrinkage),better color(L*,a*,b*)and were rated best in sensory *** retention of bio-active compounds and reduced browning was also found in HD kiwifruit *** analysis results showed significant positive correlation of phenols with antioxidant *** methods significantly(p<0.05)reduced protein and fat content of dried kiwi ***,a predominant decrease in protein and fat content was recorded in individual drying methods(Convection drying and Microwave drying).Hence,HD could be a more promising technique for development of dried kiwifruit slices.

关键词： Kiwifruit Convection drying Microwave drying Hybrid drying Bio-active compounds

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How New Individuals Behave in a Heterogeneous Community: A Computational Approach to Norm Assimilation Using Agent-Based Systems

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第4期33卷 849-881页

作者： MAHMOUD Moamin ahmad mohd Sharifuddin MOSTAFA Salama SUBRAMAINAN Latha College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga NasionalKajangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit RajaMalaysia

Heterogeneous community entails a number of social groups that adopt similar/different social *** such community,new individuals who join a new social group should be able to decide with which group they could assimilate based on their capabilities/values/***,they would be penalized by other members in the group for violating some norms which they cannot *** this approach,software agents would have better reasoning in simulating human *** this paper,the authors propose a norms assimilation theory,in which a new agent attempts to assimilate with a social group’s *** theory builds an approach to norm assimilation,analyzes the cases for an agent to decide to assimilate with a social group and develops a mathematical model to measure the assimilation cost and the agent’s *** approach is developed based on the agent’s internal belief about its ability and desire,and its external belief about the cost of assimilating with a number of social *** significance of this research is ***,the study paves the way to future design of intelligent systems,i.e.,software agents or robots,to closely mimic human social ***,the norm assimilation using agent-based system could be potentially utilized to simulate some social issues such as immigrants,new students,expatriate *** experiments that have been conducted demonstrate that an agent in the domain is able to calculate the assimilation cost and decide which social group to join.

关键词： Agent-based simulation heterogeneous community individuals norms norm assimilation normative systems social group

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Mechanical properties of stabilized zirconia nanocrystalline EB-PVD coating evaluated by micro and nano indentation

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 333-340页

作者： Meysam KESHAVARZ mohd Hasbullah IDRIS Norhayati ahmad Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM Johor BahruJohorMalaysia

Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)thin nanocrystalline coatings at different substrate preheating temperatures were deposited via electron beam-physical vapour deposition(EB-PVD).Nanocrystalline ZrO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) was deposited on the bond coat in order to compensate for the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE),which can be functionalized as a thermal barrier coating(TBC).The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties with respect to adhesion of zirconia nanocrystalline’s top ceramic layer to the interfacial bond coat by utilizing micro and nano indentation *** the present paper,the structural studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis of coating content(8 mol%of Y_(2)O_(3)).The tetragonal phase of stabilized zirconia was *** emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)were employed to characterize the coatings’morphology and *** mechanical behavior of ZrO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) thin films under point loading conditions was studied by nanoindentation using a Berkovich indenter with 130 nm tip ***,adhesion of top coat to the interfacial underlying metallic bond coat known as MCrAlY(M=Ni,Co)was estimated according to the highest peak load tests;for a 120 mN peak load,the film manifested tolerable adhesion ***,nanoindentation of ZrO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) nanostructure deposited at 1050℃substrate preheating temperature produced the highest hardness value of about 21.7 *** micro hardness was utilized with the aid of the Tabor equation in order to achieve deeper insight into the correlation between adhesion and deposition process parameters.

关键词： zirconia nanoindentation nanocrystalline electron beam-physical vapour deposition(EB-PVD) thermal barrier coating(TBC)

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Low-energy X-ray attenuation characteristics of Rhizophora ***

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第3期32卷 11-29页

作者： Damilola Oluwafemi Samson ahmad Shukri mohd Zubir Mat Jafri Rokiah Hashim mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz Sylvester Jande Gemanam mohd Fahmi mohd Yusof School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 GelugorPenangMalaysia School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 GelugorPenangMalaysia Advanced Medical and Dental Institute Universiti Sains Malaysia13200 BertamPenangMalaysia School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia16150 Kota BharuKelantanMalaysia

Photon absorption parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients(μ_m),molar extinction coefficients(ε),total molecular(σ_(t,m)),atomic(σ_(t,a))and electronic(σ_(t,el))cross sections,half-value layers(X_(1/2)),tenth-value layers(X_(1/10)),mean free paths(λ),effective atomic numbers(Z_(eff)),and effective electron densities(N_(el))were estimated for defatted soy flour(DSF),soy protein concentrate(SPC),and soy protein isolate(SPI)-based Rhizophora *** composites substituted with 10 wt%sodium hydroxide(NaOH)and 0,5,10,and 15 wt%itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin(IA-PAE)*** composition was assessed using ultrahigh-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(UHR-FESEM-EDX).The interaction parameters were evaluated for K_(α1)photons at16.59,17.46,21.21,and 25.26 keV,employing a low-energy germanium(LEGe)detector system and an~(241)Amγ-ray source.X-ray diffraction characterization revealed an amorphous phase in the developed particleboard *** DSF15',SPC15',and SPI15'exhibited the highest values ofμ_m,ε,σ_(t,m),Zeff,and N_(el)among all of the studied particleboard samples,within the range of measured photon *** addition,all of the modified samples exhibited lower X_(1/2),X_(1/10),λ,σ_(t,a),andσ_(t,el)than the unmodified samples,with DSF-,SPC-,and SPI/NaOH/Rhizophora spp./IA-PAE(15 wt%),indicating insignificant *** current results of the particleboard samples'analysis can be useful for medical radiation applications and shielding research.

关键词： Photon interaction parameters Shielding DSF–SPC–SPI Particleboards NaOH/IA-PAE

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Experiment and performance analysis of serpentine-shaped cantilever beam for pipeline vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvester prototype development

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Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 111-134页

作者： Wan Nabila mohd Fairuz Illani mohd Nawi Mohamad Radzi ahmad Ramani Kannan Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750 TronohPerak Darul RidzuanMalaysia

Pipelines produce vibrations during fluid or gas *** vibrations are less likely to cause structural failure as they exist with a small magnitude and can be harvested into useful *** paper presents a study on the piezoelectric energy-harvesting method converting mechanical energy from pipeline vibration into electrical *** performance of the serpentine-shaped piezoelectric cantilever beam was observed to check whether the design can produce the highest output voltage within the allowable vibration region of the pipeline from 10 to 300 Hz through finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software(Supplementary Material).In addition,this study investigates the energy-harvesting potential of the proposed design under real pipeline vibration conditions through a lab vibration *** harvested energy output is evaluated based on various vibration frequencies and amplitudes,which gives an idea of the device and its performance under different operating *** experiment result shows that the energy harvester produced an open-circuit voltage of 10.28-15.45 V with 1 g of vibration *** results of this research will contribute to the development of efficient piezoelectric energy harvesters adapted for pipeline environments.

关键词： piezoelectric energy harvester unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam pipeline vibration energy harvesting COMSOL finite element modelling

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Specialized Optical Fiber Sensor for Nondestructive Intrinsic Quality Measurement of Averrhoa Carambola

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第3期3卷 272-282页

作者： ahmad Fairuz OMAR mohd Zubir MATJAFRI School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia

This paper presents an innovative and low-cost approach for nondestructive fruit quality analysis. The specialized optical fiber sensor developed and presented in this paper used a monochromatic wavelength, rather than a broad spectrum, to measure the intact carambola （star fruit） intrinsic quality, namely pH and firmness. The main objective of this research was to investigate the two optical fiber sensors used in this work, namely, the optical fiber red system （OF-RS） that operated with the peak sensitivity at 635 nm and the optical fiber near the infrared spectroscopy system （OF-NIRS） that operated with the peak sensitivity at 880nm. Both systems showed good accuracy in the pH and firmness measurement of the intact carambola with the correlation coefficient R over 0.75, and the measurement results were comparable with those of the commercial spectrometer. The best measurement results were obtained using OF-RS （pH： R = 0.876; the root mean square error （RMSE） = 0.211 pH; firmness： R = 0.872; RMSE = 0.909 kgf）.

关键词： Carambola firmness optical fiber sensor pH quality

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Observed Trends in Extreme Temperature over the Klang Valley, Malaysia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第12期36卷 1355-1370页

作者： ahmad Norazhar mohd YATIM mohd Talib LATIF Fatimah AHAMAD Md Firoz KHAN mohd Shahrul mohd NADZIR Liew JUNENG Space Science Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Centre for Tropical Climate Change System Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

This study investigates the recent extreme temperature trends across 19 stations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, over the period 2006^-16. Fourteen extreme index trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test, with Sen’s slope as a magnitude estimator. Generally, the annual daily mean temperature, daily mean maximum temperature, and daily mean minimum temperature in the Klang Valley increased significantly, by 0.07°C yr^-1, 0.07°C yr^-1 and 0.08°C yr^-1, respectively. For the warm temperature indices, the results indicated a significant upward trend for the annual maximum of maximum temperature, by 0.09°C yr^-1, and the annual maximum of minimum temperature, by 0.11°C yr^-1. The results for the total number of warm days and warm nights showed significant increasing trends of 5.02 d yr^-1 and 6.92 d yr^-1, respectively. For the cold temperature indices, there were upward trends for the annual minimum of maximum temperature, by 0.09°C yr^-1, and the annual minimum of minimum temperature, by 0.03°C yr^-1, concurrent with the decreases in the total number cold days (TX10P), with -3.80 d yr^-1, and cold nights (TN10P), with -4.33 d yr^-1. The 34°C and 37°C summer days results showed significant upward trends of 4.10 d yr^-1 and 0.25 d yr^-1, respectively. Overall, these findings showed upward warming trends in the Klang Valley, with the minimum temperature rate increasing more than that of the maximum temperature, especially in urban areas.

关键词： climate change extreme temperature trend urban environment tropical area

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