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COVID-19 Automatic Detection Using Deep Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第10期39卷 15-35页

作者： Yousef Sanajalwe mohammed anbar Salam Al-E’mari National Advanced IPv6 Centre of Excellence(Nav6) Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia Computer Science Department Northern Border University(NBU)9280 NBUAr’arthe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic disease that is currently affecting over 200 countries around the world and impacting billions of *** first step to mitigate and control its spread is to identify and isolate the infected ***,because of the lack of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(rT-CPr)tests,it is important to discover suspected COVID-19 cases as early as possible,such as by scan analysis and chest X-ray by ***,chest X-ray analysis is relatively time-consuming since it requires more than 15 minutes per *** this paper,an automated novel detection model of COVID-19 cases is proposed to perform real-time detection of COVID-19 *** proposed model consists of three main stages:image segmentation using Harris Hawks optimizer,synthetic image augmentation using an enhanced Wasserstein And Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network,and image classification using Conventional Neural *** chest X-ray images datasets are used to train and test the proposed *** demonstrate that the proposed model is very efficient in the automatic detection of COVID-19 positive *** achieved 99.4%accuracy,99.15%precision,99.35%recall,99.25%f-measure,and 98.5%specificity.

关键词： Conventional neural network COVID-19 deep learning enhanced Wasserstein and auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network image classification image segmentation chest x-rays

Cloud Data Center Selection Using a Modified Differential Evolution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3179-3204页

作者： Yousef Sanjalawe mohammed anbar Salam Al-E’mari rosni Abdullah Iznan Hasbullah mohammed Aladaileh National Advanced IPv6 Center(NAv6) Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia Computer Science Department PY CollageNorthern Border University(NBU)9280 NBUAr’arKingdom of Saudi Arabia

The interest in selecting an appropriate cloud data center is exponentially increasing due to the popularity and continuous growth of the cloud computing *** data center selection challenges are compounded by ever-increasing users’requests and the number of data centers required to execute these *** service broker policy defines cloud data center’s selection,which is a case of an NP-hard problem that needs a precise solution for an efficient and superior *** evolution algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm characterized by its speed and robustness,and it is well suited for selecting an appropriate cloud data *** paper presents a modified differential evolution algorithm-based cloud service broker policy for the most appropriate data center selection in the cloud computing *** differential evolution algorithm is modified using the proposed new mutation technique ensuring enhanced performance and providing an appropriate selection of data *** proposed policy’s superiority in selecting the most suitable data center is evaluated using the CloudAnalyst *** results are compared with the state-of-arts cloud service broker policies.

关键词： Cloud computing data center data center selection cloud service broker differential evolution user request

Intrusion Detection Systems Using Blockchain Technology: A review, Issues and Challenges

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第1期40卷 87-112页

作者： Salam Al-E’mari mohammed anbar Yousef Sanjalawe Selvakumar Manickam Iznan Hasbullah National Advanced IPv6 Centre of Excellence(NAv6) Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia Computer Sciences Department Northern Border University(NBU)9280 NBUAr’arthe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Intrusion detection systems that have emerged in recent decades can identify a variety of malicious attacks that target networks by employing several detection ***,the current approaches have challenges in detecting intrusions,which may affect the performance of the overall detection system as well as network *** the time being,one of the most important creative technological advancements that plays a significant role in the professional world today is blockchain *** technology moves in the direction of persistent revolution and *** is a chain of blocks that covers information and maintains trust between individuals no matter how far apart they ***,blockchain was integrated into intrusion detection systems to enhance their overall *** has also been adopted in health-care,supply chain management,and the Internet of *** uses robust cryptography with private and public keys,and it has numerous properties that have leveraged security’s performance over peer-to-peer networks without the need for a third *** explore and highlight the importance of integrating blockchain with intrusion detection systems,this paper provides a comprehensive background of intrusion detection systems and blockchain ***,a comprehensive review of emerging intrusion detection systems based on blockchain technology is ***,this paper suggests important future research directions and trending topics in intrusion detection systems based on blockchain technology.

关键词： Blockchain intrusiondetectionsystem networksecurity maliciousattacks

Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic Crisis on Technologies and Cloud Computing Applications

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2021年第1期19卷 25-40页

作者： Ziyad r.Alashhab mohammed anbar Manmeet Mahinderjit Singh Yu-Beng Leau Zaher Ali Al-Sai Sami Abu Alhayja’a the National Advanced IPv6 Centre Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 11800 the School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 11800 the faculty of Computing and Informatics Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400

In light of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus,companies and institutions have instructed their employees to work from home as a precautionary measure to reduce the risk of ***,however,have been exposed to different security risks because of working from ***,the rapid global spread of COVID-19 has increased the volume of data generated from various *** from home depends mainly on cloud computing(CC)applications that help employees to efficiently accomplish their *** cloud computing environment(CCE)is an unsung hero in the COVID-19 pandemic *** consists of the fast-paced practices for services that reflect the trend of rapidly deployable applications for maintaining *** the increase in the use of CC applications,there is an ongoing research challenge in the domains of CCE concerning data,guaranteeing security,and the availability of CC *** paper,to the best of our knowledge,is the first paper that thoroughly explains the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ***,this paper also highlights the security risks of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Big data privacy cloud computing(CC)applications COVID-19 digital transformation security challenge work from home

Dynamic Threshold-Based Approach to Detect Low-rate DDoS Attacks on Software-Defined Networking Controller

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1403-1416页

作者： Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh mohammed anbar Iznan H.Hasbullah Abdullah Ahmed Bahashwan Shadi Al-Sarawn National Advanced IPv6 Centre of Excellence Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia

The emergence of a new network architecture,known as Software Defined Networking(SDN),in the last two decades has overcome some drawbacks of traditional networks in terms of performance,scalability,reliability,security,and network ***,the SDN is vulnerable to security threats that target its controller,such as low-rate Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,The low-rate DDoS attack is one of the most prevalent attacks that poses a severe threat to SDN network security because the controller is a vital architecture ***,there is an urgent need to propose a detection approach for this type of attack with a high detection rate and low false-positive ***,this paper proposes an approach to detect low-rate DDoS attacks on the SDN controller by adapting a dynamic *** proposed approach has been evaluated using four simulation scenarios covering a combination of low-rate DDoS attacks against the SDN controller involving(i)a single host attack targeting a single victim;(ii)a single host attack targeting multiple victims;(iii)multiple hosts attack targeting a single victim;and(iv)multiple hosts attack targeting multiple *** proposed approach’s average detection rates are 96.65%,91.83%,96.17%,and 95.33%for the above scenarios,respectively;and its average false-positive rates are 3.33%,8.17%,3.83%,and 4.67%for similar scenarios,*** comparison between the proposed approach and two existing approaches showed that it outperformed them in both categories.

关键词： Attack detection controller dynamic threshold entropy algorithm distributed denial of service software defined networking static threshold

Monitoring Peer-to-Peer Botnets:requirements,Challenges,and future Works

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3375-3398页

作者： Arkan Hammoodi Hasan Kabla mohammed anbar Selvakumar Manickam Alwan Ahmed Abdulrahman Alwan Shankar Karuppayah National Advanced IPv6 Centre(NAv6) Universiti Sains MalaysiaPulau Pinang11800Malaysia

The cyber-criminal compromises end-hosts(bots)to configure a network of bots(botnet).The cyber-criminals are also looking for an evolved architecture that makes their techniques more resilient and stealthier such as Peer-to-Peer(P2P)*** P2P botnets leverage the privileges of the decentralized nature of P2P ***,the P2P botnets exploit the resilience of this architecture to be arduous against take-down *** P2P botnets are smarter to be stealthy in their Commandand-Control mechanisms(C2)and elude the standard discovery ***,the other side of this cyberwar is the *** P2P botnet monitoring is an exacting mission because the monitoring must care about many aspects *** aspects pertain to the existing monitoring approaches,some pertain to the nature of P2P networks,and some to counter the botnets,i.e.,the anti-monitoring *** these challenges should be considered in P2P botnet *** begin with,this paper provides an anatomy of P2P ***,this paper exhaustively reviews the existing monitoring approaches of P2P botnets and thoroughly discusses each to reveal its advantages and *** addition,this paper groups the monitoring approaches into three groups:passive,active,and hybrid monitoring ***,this paper also discusses the functional and non-functional requirements of advanced *** conclusion,this paper ends by epitomizing the challenges of various aspects and gives future avenues for better monitoring of P2P botnets.

关键词： P2P networks botnet P2P botnet botnet monitoring honeypot crawlers

Entropy-Based Approach to Detect DDoS Attacks on Software Defined Networking Controller

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 373-391页

作者： Mohammad Aladaileh mohammed anbar Iznan H.Hasbullah Yousef K.Sanjalawe Yung-Wey Chong National Advanced IPv6 Centre of Excellence Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia Department of Computer Sciences Northern Border UniversityAr’arKingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Software-Defined Networking(SDN)technology improves network management over existing technology via centralized network *** SDN provides a perfect platform for researchers to solve traditional network’s outstanding ***,despite the advantages of centralized control,concern about its security is *** more traditional network switched to SDN technology,the more attractive it becomes to malicious actors,especially the controller,because it is the network’s brain.A Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack on the controller could cripple the entire *** that reason,researchers are always looking for ways to detect DDoS attacks against the controller with higher accuracy and lower false-positive *** paper proposes an entropy-based approach to detect low-rate and high-rate DDoS attacks against the SDN controller,regardless of the number of attackers or *** proposed approach generalized the rényi joint entropy for analyzing the network traffic flow to detect DDoS attack traffic flow of varying *** two packet header features and generalized rényi joint entropy,the proposed approach achieved a better detection rate than the EDDSC approach that uses Shannon entropy metrics.

关键词： Software-defined networking DDoS attack distributed denial of service rényi joint entropy

Unweighted Voting Method to Detect Sinkhole Attack in rPL-Based Internet of Things Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 491-515页

作者： Shadi Al-Sarawi mohammed anbar Basim Ahmad Alabsi Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh Shaza Dawood Ahmed rihan National Advanced IPv6 Centre(NAv6) University Sains MalaysiaGelugorPenang11800Malaysia Applied College Najran UniversityKing Abdulaziz StreetP.O.Box 1988NajranSaudi Arabia Cybersecurity Department School of Information TechnologyAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan

The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting *** routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(rPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the ***,rPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing *** paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction frequency,rank Harmony,and Power *** indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous *** UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed *** effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing ***,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment *** terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.

关键词： Internet of Things IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Internet Protocol Version 6 distributed denial of service wireless sensor networks

Stress distribution from railway track over geogrid reinforced ballast underlain by clay

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2019年第1期18卷 77-93页

作者： mohammed Y.fattah Mahmood r.Mahmood mohammed f.Aswad Civil Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdad Iraq Civil Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdad IraqAssistant

railway ballast forms a major component of a conventional rail track and is used to distribute the load to the subgrade, providing a smooth running surface for trains. It plays a significant role in providing support for the rail track base and distributing the load to the weaker layer underneath. Ballast also helps with drainage, which is an important factor for any type of transportation structure, including railroads. Over time, ballast progressively deforms and degrades under dynamic loading and loses its strength. In this study, extensive laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of load amplitude, geogrid position, and number of geogrid layers, thickness of ballast layer and clay stiffness on the behavior of the reinforced ballast layer and induced strains in a geogrid. A half full-scale railway was constructed for carrying out the tests, which consisted of two rails 800 mm in length with three wooden sleepers(900 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm). Three ballast thicknesses of 200, 300 and 400 mm were used in the tests. The ballast was overlying 500 mm thickness clay in two states, soft and stiff. The tests were carried out with and without geogrid reinforcement; the tests were performed in a well-tied steel box of 1.5 m length ×1 m width ×1 m height. Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the response of the ballast and the clay layers where the ballast was reinforced by a geogrid. Settlement in ballast and clay, soil pressure and pore water pressure induced in the clay were measured in reinforced and unreinforced ballast cases. It was concluded that the amount of settlement increased as the simulated train load amplitude increased, and there was a sharp increase in settlement up to cycle 500. After that, there was a gradual increase that leveled out between, 2500 to 4500 cycles depending on the frequency used. There was a slight increase in the induced settlement when the load amplitude increased from 0.5 to 1 ton but it was higher when the load am

关键词： ballast geogrid reinforcement clay stress pore water pressure dynamic load