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Neuroprotective role of Noggin in spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 492-496页

作者： Nadia Al-Sammarraie mohammed mahmood Swapan K.Ray Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA

Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young adults in many countries including the United *** in the regeneration of neurons is one of the main obstacles that leave spinal cord injury patients with permanent paralysis in most *** research has found that preventing acute and subacute secondary cellular damages to the neurons and supporting glial cells can help slow the progression of spinal cord injury pathogenesis,in part by reactivating endogenous regenerative proteins including Noggin that are normally present during spinal cord *** is a complex protein and natural inhibitor of the multifunctional bone morphogenetic proteins,and its expression is high during spinal cord development and after induction of spinal cord *** this review article,we first discuss the change in expression of Noggin during pathogenesis in spinal cord ***,we discuss the current research knowledge about the neuroprotective role of Noggin in preclinical models of spinal cord ***,we explain the gap in the knowledge for the use of Noggin in the treatment of spinal cord *** results from extensive in vitro and in vivo research have revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of Noggin treatment remains debatable due to its neuroprotective effects observed only in early phases of spinal cord injury but little to no effect on altering pathogenesis and functional recovery observed in the chronic phase of spinal cord ***,clinical information regarding the role of Noggin in the alleviation of progression of pathogenesis,its therapeutic efficacy,bioavailability,and safety in human spinal cord injury is still lacking and therefore needs further investigation.

关键词： apoptosis astrocyte differentiation axon myelination axon regeneration bone morphogenetic protein glial scar heterotrophic ossification neurogenesis neuropathic pain Noggin spinal cord injury

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Propagation Characteristics of Acoustic Field in the Borehole Surrounded by Unconsolidated Sands

Propagation Characteristics of Acoustic Field in the Borehol...

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作者： Sonia mohammed Abdul-Jabbar mahmood（索尼娅）长安大学

学位级别：硕士

在地球物理勘探中,未固结砂岩在浅海沉积岩中比较常见。研究声波在未固结砂岩中的声波传播特征对获取未固结砂岩储层的性质具有重要意义。由于未固结砂岩与胶结好的砂岩介质不同,其颗粒之间呈弱胶结状态,其弹性模量的计算与固结砂岩不... 详细信息

在地球物理勘探中,未固结砂岩在浅海沉积岩中比较常见。研究声波在未固结砂岩中的声波传播特征对获取未固结砂岩储层的性质具有重要意义。由于未固结砂岩与胶结好的砂岩介质不同,其颗粒之间呈弱胶结状态,其弹性模量的计算与固结砂岩不同。本文对未固结砂岩的有效介质模型和理论进行了简要回顾,简要介绍了描述未固结砂岩的几种常见声场模型。针对未固结砂岩弹性模量,本文介绍了以Hertz-Mindlin模型为基础的计算未固结砂岩弹性模量的计算方法;针对未固结砂岩中的声场传播,本文介绍了以Biot-Stoll方程为基础的BICSQS模型,另外还介绍了基于颗粒介质传播频散关系的Grain-shearing(GS)理论。与此同时,本文根据Biot-Stoll方程计算了颗粒介质传播时纵横波频散曲线,并通过解析法获得了井孔声场的解析解,计算出了井中接收到的声波波形,通过数值模拟获得颗粒的弛豫性质对井孔声场传播的影响。此外,本文利用了Hertz-Mindlin模型,对井内外声场进行了数值模拟,获得不同颗粒特征对井孔声场的传播影响。

关键词：井孔声场传播 Biot-Stoll模型颗粒接触未固结砂岩

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关于儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎的系统综述

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中国当代儿科杂志 2021年第11期23卷 1080-1090页

作者： Majid mohammed mahmood Ilhama Jafarli Aras Fathi Al-Barazanchi Nadhim mohammed Mosa Zenab Ghanim Younus Al-Ameen Taghreed Alkhanchi Unit of Zoonotic Diseases College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BaghdadIraqBaghdadIraq Pediatric Surgery Department Cardiff and Vale University HospitalHeath Park.CF144XWCardiffWalesUK Department of Pediatrics Pediatric HospitalHalabjaHalabja RoadSulimanyhaPostal code 46018Kurdistan Region of Iraq Department of Radiology Techniques Al-Qalam University CollegeNawroz CityErbilPostal code 44001Iraq Division of Pharmaceuticals Al-Adel Health SectorAl-Kharkh Health CenterMinistry of HealthBaghdadPostal code 10006Iraq Batcher in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science BaghdadIraq

该综述的目的是描述儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的临床特征,重点探讨儿童不易感染COVID-19的可能原因,以及儿童免疫反应是否比成人更好。为此,确定了以下3个研究问题:(1)为什么儿童COVID-19病例临床症状... 详细信息

该综述的目的是描述儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的临床特征,重点探讨儿童不易感染COVID-19的可能原因,以及儿童免疫反应是否比成人更好。为此,确定了以下3个研究问题:(1)为什么儿童COVID-19病例临床症状较成人轻?(2)儿童COVID-19患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗如何?(3)痊愈后病毒排毒期持续多久?我们检索了MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials和Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects等数据库,以及有英文翻译的国外文献。并从谷歌学术和美国微生物学会收集了其他的信息和数据。从收集的文献中,提取患者的年龄、合并症、治疗方法及对病死率、发病率影响的相关信息。该综述表明,与成人相比,儿童不易患COVID-19,若患上COVID-19,其症状较成人轻。儿童COVID-19发病率较低,病情较成人轻,这可能归因于许多理论和原因,然而所涉及的机制尚不完全清楚。

关键词：新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状川崎病儿童

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Role of viruses in periodontitis:An extensive review of herpesviruses,human immunodeficiency virus,coronavirus-19,papillomavirus and hepatitis viruses

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 7-23页

作者： mohammed Khalid mahmood mohammed Taib Fatih Handren Ameer Kurda Nwsiba Khalid mahmood Farman Uthman Shareef Hemin Faraidun Herve Tassery Delphine Tardivo Romain Lan Zana Fuad Noori Balen Hamid Qadir Arman Dlshad Hassan Aix-Marseille University CNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France College of Dentistry Komar University of Science and technologySulaimani 46001Iraq College of Dentistry Sulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology College of ScienceSulaimani UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of ScienceCharmo UniversityChamchamal/Sulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biology University of FreiburgMina BiotechFreiburg 79098Germany Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMMarseille 13000FranceLBN LaboratoryMontpellier 34000France Department of Odontology Timone HospitalAix Marseille UniversityAPHMCNRSEFSADESMarseille 13000France Department of Dentistry American University of Sulaimani Iraq AUISSulaimani 46001Iraq Department of Biomedical Science University of DenverDenverCO 80014United States

Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the *** microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal *** the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by ***,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial ***,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome *** global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the *** the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by *** review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.

关键词： Virus Periodontitis Bacteria Herpesvirus Herpes simplex virus Varicella-zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Human papillomaviruses SARS-CoV-2 Human immunodeficiency virus

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Stress distribution from railway track over geogrid reinforced ballast underlain by clay

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2019年第1期18卷 77-93页

作者： mohammed Y.Fattah mahmood R.mahmood mohammed F.Aswad Civil Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdad Iraq Civil Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdad IraqAssistant

Railway ballast forms a major component of a conventional rail track and is used to distribute the load to the subgrade, providing a smooth running surface for trains. It plays a significant role in providing support for the rail track base and distributing the load to the weaker layer underneath. Ballast also helps with drainage, which is an important factor for any type of transportation structure, including railroads. Over time, ballast progressively deforms and degrades under dynamic loading and loses its strength. In this study, extensive laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of load amplitude, geogrid position, and number of geogrid layers, thickness of ballast layer and clay stiffness on the behavior of the reinforced ballast layer and induced strains in a geogrid. A half full-scale railway was constructed for carrying out the tests, which consisted of two rails 800 mm in length with three wooden sleepers(900 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm). Three ballast thicknesses of 200, 300 and 400 mm were used in the tests. The ballast was overlying 500 mm thickness clay in two states, soft and stiff. The tests were carried out with and without geogrid reinforcement; the tests were performed in a well-tied steel box of 1.5 m length ×1 m width ×1 m height. Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the response of the ballast and the clay layers where the ballast was reinforced by a geogrid. Settlement in ballast and clay, soil pressure and pore water pressure induced in the clay were measured in reinforced and unreinforced ballast cases. It was concluded that the amount of settlement increased as the simulated train load amplitude increased, and there was a sharp increase in settlement up to cycle 500. After that, there was a gradual increase that leveled out between, 2500 to 4500 cycles depending on the frequency used. There was a slight increase in the induced settlement when the load amplitude increased from 0.5 to 1 ton but it was higher when the load am

关键词： ballast geogrid reinforcement clay stress pore water pressure dynamic load

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Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of concrete for optimum sand to aggregate volume ratio

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 1400-1414页

作者： Tarek Uddin mohammed Aziz Hasan mahmood Mohammad Zunaied-Bin-HARUN Jamil Ahmed JOY MdAsif AHMED Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Islamic University of Technology(IUT)Organization of Islamic Cooperation(OIC)Board BazarGazipur 1704Bangladesh Centre for Infrastructure Engineering and Safety School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Civil Engineering European University of BangladeshMirpurDhaka 1216Bangladesh

Aggregates are the biggest contributor to concrete volume and are a crucial parameter in dictating its mechanical *** such,a detailed experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of sand-toaggregate volume ratio(s/a)on the mechanical properties of concrete utilizing both destructive and non-destructive testing(employing UPV(ultrasonic pulse velocity)measurements).For investigation,standard cylindrical concrete samples were made with different s/a(0.36,0.40,0.44,0.48,0.52,and 0.56),cement content(340 and 450 kg/m^(3)),water-to-cement ratio(0.45 and 0.50),and maximum aggregate size(12 and 19 mm).The effect of these design parameters on the 7,14,and 28 d compressive strength,tensile strength,elastic modulus,and UPV of concrete were *** careful analysis demonstrates that aggregate proportions and size need to be optimized for formulating mix designs;optimum ratios of s/a were found to be 0.40 and 0.44 for the maximum aggregate size of 12 and 19 mm,respectively,irrespective of the W/C(water-to-cement)and cement content.

关键词： aggregates non-destructive testing sand-to-aggregate volume ratio(s/a) maximum aggregate size(MAS)

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Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第4期7卷 429-445页

作者： mahmood Swadi Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim Mohamed Salem Firas mohammed Tuaimah Ammar Sabri Majeed Ali Jawad Alrubaie Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad 10001Iraq Libyan Authority for Scientific Research Tripoli 80045Libya School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Nibong Tebal 14300PenangMalaysia Continuing Education Center University of BaghdadBaghdad 10001Iraq Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University AL-Mussaib Technical CollegeBabylonIraq

The global shift toward next-generation energy systems is propelled by the urgent need to combat climate change and the dwindling supply of fossil *** review explores the intricate challenges and opportunities for transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources such as solar,wind,and *** transition economically challenges traditional energy sectors while fostering new industries,promoting job growth,and sustainable economic *** transition to renewable energy demands social equity,ensuring universal access to affordable energy,and considering community *** environmental benefits include a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a lesser ecological *** study highlights the rapid growth of the global wind power market,which is projected to increase from$112.23 billion in 2022 to$278.43 billion by 2030,with a compound annual growth rate of 13.67%.In addition,the demand for hydrogen is expected to increase,significantly impacting the market with potential cost reductions and making it a critical renewable energy source owing to its affordability and zero *** 2028,renewables are predicted to account for 42%of global electricity generation,with significant contributions from wind and solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,particularly in China,the European Union,the United States,and *** developments signify a global commitment to diversifying energy sources,reducing emissions,and moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy *** review offers stakeholders the insights required to smoothly transition to sustainable energy,setting the stage for a resilient future.

关键词： Next energy Renewable energy Sustainability Environmental benefits Economic opportunities

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Impacts of Using Al_(2)O_(3)Nano Particle to Compressor Oil on Performance of Automobile Air Conditioning System

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第3期22卷 839-854页

作者： Karam H.mohammed Ashraf E.Al-Mirani Bashar mahmood Ali Omar Rafae Alomar Engineering Technical College of Mosul Cultural GroupNorthern Technical UniversityMosul41002Iraq College of Engineering AlNoor UniversityMosul41002Iraq

This work involves an experimental study on the performance of automobile air-conditioning systems by adding Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles to oil compressors to investigate their impacts on the enhancement of the speed cooling of refrigeration systems and to compare it with the system operated using only *** Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles have been added to the oil compressor for different ranges ofmass concentration(Ф=0.1%,Ф=0.15%andФ=0.2%).The stability of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles has been tested by direct observation for different time *** results indicated that the air conditioning systemthat operated by using Al_(2)O_(3)-oil was better than the system that operated with pure ***Ф=0.2%,the results indicated that the cooling speed and the efficiency of the system operated with Al_(2)O_(3)-oil are increased by 13%and 18%,respectively,as compared to the pure oil *** study shows that the thermos-physical properties of refrigerant oil are enhanced by 15%whenФis increased.

关键词： Nanofluids compressor cooling system automobile cooling system

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Modeling of Heat Transfer and Steam Condensation Inside a Horizontal Flattened Tube

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第4期18卷 985-998页

作者： M.Gh.mohammed Kamil M.S.Kassim R.A.mahmood L.AZ Mahdi Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdad10052Iraq School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandQueensland4350Australia Engineering Collage University of ZakhoZakho42002Iraq Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center University of TechnologyBaghdad10066Iraq

This work investigates the steam condensation phenomena in an air-cooled *** considered horizontal flattened tube has a 30 mm hydraulic diameter,and its length is a function of the steam quality with a limit value between 0.95 and *** mass flow rate ranges from 4 to 40 kg/m^(2).s with a saturated temperature spanning an interval from 40°C to 80°C.A special approach has been implemented using the Engineering Equation Solver(EES)to solve a series of equations for the two-phase flow pattern and the related heat transfer coefficients.A wavy-stratified structure of the two-phase flow has been found when the mass rate was between 4 and 24 kg/m^(2).*** contrast,an initially annular flow is gradually converted into a wavy stratified flow(due to the condensation process taking place inside the flattened tube)when the considered range ranges from 32 to 40 kg/m^(2).s.

关键词： Condensation flow pattern structure heat transfer rate flow in horizontal pipe flow behaviour EES modelling

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ILSM:Incorporated Lightweight Security Model for Improving QOS in WSN

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2471-2488页

作者： Ansar Munir Shah mohammed Aljubayri Muhammad Faheem Khan Jarallah Alqahtani mahmood ul Hassan Adel Sulaiman Asadullah Shaikh Insitute of Southern Punjab MultanPakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

In the network field,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)contain prolonged attention due to afresh *** like health care,traffic,defense,and many more systems espoused the *** networks contain tiny sensor nodes containing embedded processors,TinyOS,memory,and power *** nodes are responsible for forwarding the data *** manage all these components,there is a need to select appropriate parameters which control the quality of service of *** sensor nodes are involved in transmitting vital information,and there is a need for secure and efficient routing to reach the quality of *** due to the high cost of the network,WSN components have limited resources to manage the *** is a need to design a lightweight solution that ensures the quality of service in *** this given manner,this study provides the quality of services in a wireless sensor network with a security *** incorporated hybrid lightweight security model is designed in which random waypoint mobility(RWM)model and grey wolf optimization(GWO)is used to enhance service quality and maintain security with efficient *** version 16 andNetwork Stimulator 2.35(NS2.35)are used in this research to evaluate the *** overall cost factor is reduced at 60%without the optimization technique and 90.90%reduced by using the optimization technique,which is assessed by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio,overall energy nodes,and communication overhead.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks quality of service random waypoint mobility model grey wolf optimization security

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