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Waste Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale) as Feedstock for Simultaneous Production of two Main Ecofriendly Fuels

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第8期11卷 16-31页

作者： Delphine N’guessan Micaël Bedikou Verdier Abouo lamine Samagaci Charlotte Ehon camara Yacouba Eric Akpa Department of Biotechnologies Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Departement of Food Sciences Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

the present work investigated an effective low-cost production of bioethanol by the use of rejected cashew apples (CAs) in Ivorian plantations. Fresh CAs were cut into 8-10 mm slices and submitted to a drying cycle of two periods (for the sake of easing their rehydration) in an oven with forced air convection. temperature was first set at 30˚C for 3 hours, and then raised at 50˚C until constant weight. Drying brought about 82% weight loss, and the dried slices were rehydrated in a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) in warm distilled water to reconstitute a 10 Brix degree (˚B) juice with 1.042 g/cm3 density. the sugar content of the juice was increased to 20˚B (syrup) by thermal evaporation. the process was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM) by applying a central composite plan in order to minimize heat-sensitive compound degradation. the optimal operating conditions for temperature and time of heating were precisely 68,239˚C and 83,314 min, respectively. the commercial baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to seed the 20˚B cashew apple syrup following a batch fermentation at 30˚C. the total alcohol content recorded after 24 hours was 8.24% ± 0.11% made up of almost 97% of ethanol and isobutanol (a higher alcohol). Analysis of alcoholic profiles by flam ionization detector-gas chromatography (GC-FID) showed an ethanol content of 3.92% and an almost similar but higher quantity of isobutanol (4.05%) with the latter being a by-product. As bio-based isobutanol attracts more and more attention due to its wide application and excellent fuel performance as compared to ethanol, it emerged from this study that neglected cashew apples can be successfully employed as valuable raw material for the simultaneous production of both biofuels currently used as sustainable sources of renewable energy.

关键词： Cashew Waste Valorization Bioalcohol Production Renewable Energy Isobutanol Ethanol

Evaluation of the Bacteriological Pollution of the Waters of the Lake of Sonfonia Commune of Ratoma (Republic of guinea) 2021

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第2期12卷 142-151页

作者： Mohamed lamine Komara Cheick Ahmed tawel camara Nènè N’koya Bangoura Kande Bangoura Sekou traore Department of Biology Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea the Biochemistry Degree Programme Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea Laboratory of the Center for Environmental Studies and Research (CERE) Conakry Republic of Guinea Scientific Research Center of Conakry Rogbané (CERESCOR) Conakry Republic of Guinea Department of Advanced Studies and University Research at the Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Innovation Conakry Republic of Guinea

the quality of surface waters is often altered by the presence of bacteria of faecal origin, as a result of untimely discharge of solid and liquid waste from households. the Sonfonia Lake located in the commune of Ratoma is under the influence of various forms of pollution resulting for the most part from anthropic activities. Field visits, interviews with resource persons and bacteriological analysis were carried out to assess the level of this pollution. two water sampling campaigns were carried out during the low-water period and two others during the flood period of 2021. the comparison of the levels of faecal contamination bacteria in the present study with a previous one carried out in 2018 on the waters of the same lake, indicates an increase in the level of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci that exceed the indicator values recommended by the WHO. these results show that Lake Sonfonia is polluted. this could be related to the increase in anthropogenic and demographic activities during the last four years. On the other hand, the analysis of the results showed the absence of pathogenic germs such as salmonella. the Mann-Whitney U statistical test was used to compare the value of the means of each of the variables observed during the two seasons.

关键词： Surface Water Anthropogenic Lake Sonfonia Wastewater Faeces

Post Antibiotic Grade IV Anaphylaxis: A Case Report from the Emergency Department of Chu Donka

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 110-114页

作者： Amadou Yalla camara Abdoulaye touré Ernest Ahounou Almamy Bangoura M’mah lamine camara thierno Sadou Diallo Alhassane Barry Boubacar Atigou Dramé Joseph Donamou Medical and Surgical Emergency Department CHU-Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care HKM National University Hospital Cotonou Benin

Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic reaction that is part of the general pattern of potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions requiring immediate management. We report the case of a patient presenting to emergency with signs of malaria and pneumonia who was diagnosed with grade 4 anaphylaxis following antibiotic injection in the emergency department. the patient was 30 years old, with no previous history of anaphylaxis, and presented to the emergency department with fever, dry cough, headache and dizziness associated with prostration. Physical examination showed stable hemodynamics (BP = 110/80 mmHg, HR = 95 p/min,) and respiratory function with SpO2 = 98%, HR = 22 c/min and crepitus rales at the base of the lungs. the laboratory work-up carried out in the emergency department revealed a biological inflammatory syndrome associated with hyperleukocytosis of 11,260/mm3, a positive thick drop with GE(+) dp = 1183 t/microlitre;blood glucose = 0.83 g/l;Covid 19 RDt = (negative). A diagnosis of malaria and pneumonia was made and antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone) and artesunate were indicated. During the injection of ceftriaxone 1 g, the patient became agitated, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, confirming the diagnosis of stage 4 anaphylaxis. treatment consisted of stopping the ceftriaxone injection, external cardiac massage and ventilation, intravenous adrenaline and vascular filling, which enabled the patient to recover and stabilize. the diagnosis of anaphylaxis is clinical. Early administration of adrenaline is the mainstay of treatment.

关键词： Grade 4 Anaphylaxis Adrenaline Antibiotics Emergencies

Fertility after Neosalpingostomy through Laparoscopic Way in Point “G” teaching Hospital

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Surgical Science 2019年第2期10卷 49-58页

作者： Kéita Soumaila traoré Youssouf Soumaré lamine Koumaré Sekou Sacko Oumar camara Aboubacar camara Moussa Sissoko Moussa Abdoulaye Sissoko Koita Adama Sanogo Z. Zimogo Surgery Department “A” Point G teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology of Bamako University of Science Technique and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali

the endoscopic surgery is actually the golden standard for the management of infertility. Its results look better than classical surgery. the aim of the study was to assess the fertility rate among infertile women who have undergone a laparoscopic distal tubal plasty and to estimate factors influencing this fertility. From January 2007 to December 2016 a descriptive and analytical cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in the departments of general and laparoscopic surgery of the Point “G” teaching Hospital in Bamako, Mali. Clinical records of 120 laparoscopic patients with distal tubal occlusion who have undergone a neosalpingostomy were collected. Average period of infertility was 6.7 years (from 1 to 25 years), and the average duration before laparoscopic surgery was 5 years. Main abnormalities were: 50 cases of bilateral tubal distal occlusion (41.7%), 14 patients with unilateral tubal distal occlusion (11.7%), 44 cases of bilateral hydrosalpinx (36.6%) and 12 cases with unilateral occlusion (10.0%). Seventeen patients had adhesions (14.1%) including 4.0% of tubo-peritoneal adhesions, 35.5% of tubo-ovary adhesions and Fitz Hugh and Curtis syndrom adhesions in 17.7% of cases. More than half of the patients (58.0%) had a grade II tubal score. Neosalpingostomy had led to bilateral tubal repermeabilization among 60.0% of the patients. thirty two point five percent (39/120) pregnancies have been observed after the management. Conception probability was null after the 4th post operative year. the majority of pregnancies have been observed in the 11th month after laparoscopic management. During the follow-up, thirty one patients had intrauterine pregnancy (79.5%), four ectopic pregnancies and three miscarriages. the occurrence of pregnancy was influenced by the desire of the woman, the absence of co-morbidity, the tubal score, the result and the quality of the laparoscopic gesture and the duration of the fertility. Conclusion: In our working setting, neosalp

关键词： Fertility Laparoscopy Neosalpingostomy Pregnancy

Posterior Urethral Valves without Reflux Associated with Bilateral Renal Cortical Atrophy: Diagnosis and Management

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 791-797页

作者： Bangoura Kaba Kolie Ouo-Ouo camara Salematou Hassimiou Bangoura M’mah Aminata camara Emmanuel Diallo Mohamed lamine Diallo Fatoumata Binta Diop Mamadou Moustapha Kouyate Moustapha Beimy Pé Pediatrics Department CHU Donka Conakry Guinea Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Institute of Nutrition Conakry Guinea

the objective of this case report was to highlight the characteristics of posterior urethral valves observed in a 3-year-old patient and to describe their management. the case of a 4-year-old patient treated for a posterior urethral valve with bilateral renal cortical atrophy was reviewed. the diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, cystography and abdominal Ct. He was referred to Martinique (a tertiary health establishment) for effective support. From the acute situation to the fortuitous discovery, its understanding must be deepened because of the potential immediate symptomatic impact in the form of renal colic which can be associated with sepsis, as well as in the long term on renal function. this observation is intended to help the attending physician to initiate his diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Valves Urethra Posterior

Evaluation of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Urinary Abnormalities in Children with Cancer before Chemotherapy

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期13卷 594-603页

作者： Mamadou Moustapha Diop Aissata Barry Ouo Ouo Kolié Emanuel camara Mohamed lamine Diallo Kaba Bangoura Mamadou Aliou Doukouré Pé Neabel Beimy Dienab Diallo Moustapha Kouyate Mohamed lamine Kaba Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences and Technologies Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Republic of Guinea Pediatric Emergency CHU Donka Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Innovation Conakry Republic of Guinea Hemodialysis Department CHU Donka Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Innovation Conakry Republic of Guinea

Introduction: Glomerular filtration is an important elimination pathway for many types of chemotherapy. Accurate estimation of glomerular filtration is essential in the management of children with cancer. Methodology: this was a prospective cross-sectional study of the descriptive type extending over a period of 6 months from July 01 to December 31, 2021 on all children with cancer followed in the pediatric hemato-oncology unit of the HND with a renal, blood and urinary assessment associated with the GFR calculated by the SCHWARtZ formula during the study period. Results: During the study period, we registered 41 new cases of cancer in the pediatric oncology unit. the age group of 0 - 5 years was the most represented, i.e. 65.85% and the average age was 5.6 ± 4 years. the most cited clinical signs were fever ie 56.10% followed by abdominal pain 34.15% and anemia 26.83%. the most represented diagnosis was Burkitt’s Lymphoma, i.e. 26.83% followed by Retinoblastoma 24.39%. Mean serum creatinine was 70.65 ± 68.93 μmol/L. In our series, patients whose normal glomerular filtration rate were more represented, i.e. 70.73% and 29.27% had an abnormal GFR with an average of 87.28 ± 70 mL/min/1.73m2. Proteinuria and leukocyturia were observed in 31.71% and 19.51% respectively. Glycosuria and hematuria with common frequencies of 2.44% of patients. Conclusion: the prevention of renal toxicity of anticancer drugs always involves the precise evaluation of renal function using the Schwartz formula in children. .

关键词： GFR Child Cancer Chemotherapy

State of Shock: Epidemiological, Etiological and therapeutic Aspects at the Pediatric Unit of the Medical and Surgical Emergencies of the Donka National Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期9卷 302-308页

作者： Diallo Mohamed lamine Barry Ibrahima Koolo camara Emmanuel Ondima Hermann Laurent Marion Sossouadouno Elisabeth Sita Diallo Saliou Bella Emergencies Pediatric Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Institute of Nutrition and Child Health (INSE) Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Pediatric Department Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: the objective of this study was to write the epidemiological, etiological and therapeutic aspects of shock in children in the paediatric medico-surgical emergency unit of the National Donka Hospital. Method: this was a forward-looking, descriptive 6-month study, including all children aged 0 to 15 who were received in the paediatric medico-surgical emergency unit at the Donka National Hospital, where the shock diagnosis was retained and the patients received care. Results: In our study, 26 out of 1123 patients were received in a state of shock. Hypovolemic shock was more common at 24 (92%). Vascular filling by Ringer’s milk was the basic treatment. the 6 to 11 month age group was the most affected and the sex-ratio M/F was 1.6. the acute febrile gastroenteritis and dehydration status were the most frequent causes. the outcome was favorable in 25 patients (96%). Conclusion: Rapid and effective management would improve the vital and functional prognosis of children in shock.

关键词： Choc Children Urgences Paediatrics Donka

transient Diabetes Induced by L-Asparaginase

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 862-865页

作者： Mamadou Moustapha Diop M’mah Aminata Bangoura Aissata Barry Emmanuel camara Kolié Ouo Ouo Pé Neabei Beimy Mohamed lamine Diallo Kaba Bangoura Moustapha Kouyate Mohamed lamine Kaba Aka Nbga Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Republic of Guinea Urgence Pédiatrique CHU Donka Ministère de l’enseignement de la recherche scientifique et de l’innovation Conakry Republic of Guinea Haemodialysis Department CHU Donka Ministry of Education Scientific Research and Innovation Conakry Republic of Guinea

Background: Although hyperglycaemia is one of the known side effects of L-asparaginase, its contribution to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is less well known in the literature. Asparaginase is an essential component of treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. On further evaluation, she was found to have high anion gap metabolic acidosis, hyperglycaemia and ketonuria. In recent decades, the use of these chemotherapeutic agents has led to a decrease in mortality and disease-free survival in ALL. L-asparaginase is one of the chemotherapy protocols used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and can induce hyperglycaemia which is aggravated by the concomitant use of corticosteroids. We report the observation of a 14-year-old girl treated with chemotherapy (GFA LAL protocol) who developed transient diabetes following the use of L-asparaginase. She was treated at the Donka paediatric haemato-oncology unit by a multidisciplinary team including a paediatric oncologist, a psychologist and a diabetologist. the aim of this study was to highlight blood glucose monitoring before and after the use of asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Conclusion: We conclude that the occurrence of ketoacidosis following the use of asparaginase is a rare event. We recommend close monitoring of blood glucose levels for hyperglycaemia in patients with ALL receiving L-asparaginase.

关键词： Asparaginase Diabetes ALL Donka

the Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux on the Quality of Life: About a Series of 100 Patients at Fez University Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第6期9卷 99-108页

作者： Houda Meyiz mohammed El Agheb Asmae lamine Mounia El Yousfi Nordin Aqodad Dafr Benajeh mohammed El Abkari Adil Ibrahimi Ihsane Mellouki Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Hassan II University Medical Center Fez Morocco Faculty of Medicine Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco

the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represents a major problem for public health because of its high prevalence. the chronic character of the symptoms can have a very important impact on the quality of life (QoL). the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the GERD on the quality of life of our patients and to determine the main aggravating factors. Patients and Methods: this is a cross-sectional, observational study of 100 patients presenting signs of GERD in the gastroenterology department of the university medical center Hassan II-Fez, for a period of 3 months (October to December 2014). We used the Reflux-Qual short form (RQS®) to evaluate the QoL of our patients. Results: Over the study period, 100 patients were included. the average age of our patients was 47 years [20 - 75 years] with a sex-ratio F/M in 2.12. Among our patients, 20% (n = 20) were chronic cigarette smokers. the diagnosis of GERD was clinical in 75% of the cases (n = 75) and based on 24-hour pH monitoring in the remaining 25% (n = 25). Approximately 2/3 of the patients were receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment at the time of the questionnaire. the impairment of QoL was moderated to severe (RQS® p = 0.01), female sex (p = 0.03) and the frequency of symptoms (p = 0.001). Moreover, patients having a GERD that requiring a daily and continuous administration of PPIs had a lower index of RQS® (p = 0.001). the quality of life impairment was not associated with chronic cigarette smoking (p = 0.3). Conclusion: the impairment of the QoL was moderated to severe (RQS® the patients (n = 62). this impairment was associated with elderly, female sex, frequency and in case of GERD requiring continuous administration of PPIs.

关键词： Gastroesophageal Reflux Reflux-Qual Short Form Quality of Life