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smartphone-Based Wi-fi Analysis for Bus Passenger Counting

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 875-907页

作者： mohammed Alatiyyah Department of Computer science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

In the contemporary era of technological advancement,smartphones have become an indispensable part of individuals’daily lives,exerting a pervasive *** paper presents an innovative approach to passenger countingonbuses throughthe analysis ofWi-fi signals emanating frompassengers’mobile *** study seeks to scrutinize the reliability of digital Wi-fi environments in predicting bus occupancy levels,thereby addressing a crucial aspect of public *** proposed system comprises three crucial elements:signal capture,data filtration,and the calculation and estimation of passenger *** pivotal findings reveal that the system demonstrates commendable accuracy in estimating passenger counts undermoderate-crowding conditions,with an average deviation of 20%from the ground truth and an accuracy rate ranging from 90%to 100%.This underscores its efficacy in scenarios characterized by moderate levels of ***,in densely crowded conditions,the system exhibits a tendency to overestimate passenger numbers,occasionally doubling the actual *** acknowledging the need for further research to enhance accuracy in crowded conditions,this study presents a pioneering avenue to address a significant concern in public *** implications of the findings are poised to contribute substantially to the enhancement of bus operations and service quality.

关键词： Public transportation digital environment passenger estimation signal capturing Wi-fi

Threshold-Based software-Defined Networking(sDN)solution for Healthcare systems against Intrusion Attacks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1469-1483页

作者： Laila M.Halman mohammed J.f.Alenazi Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

The healthcare sector holds valuable and sensitive *** amount of this data and the need to handle,exchange,and protect it,has been increasing at a fast *** to their nature,software-defined networks(sDNs)are widely used in healthcare systems,as they ensure effective resource utilization,safety,great network management,and *** this sector,due to the value of thedata,sDNs faceamajor challengeposed byawide range of attacks,such as distributed denial of service(DDos)and probe *** attacks reduce network performance,causing the degradation of different key performance indicators(KPIs)or,in the worst cases,a network failure which can threaten human *** can be significant,especially with the current expansion of portable healthcare that supports mobile and wireless devices for what is called mobile health,or *** this study,we examine the effectiveness of using sDNs for defense against DDos,as well as their effects on different network KPIs under various *** propose a threshold-based DDos classifier(TBDC)technique to classify DDos attacks in healthcare sDNs,aiming to block traffic considered a hazard in the form of a DDos *** then evaluate the accuracy and performance of the proposed TBDC *** technique shows outstanding performance,increasing the mean throughput by 190.3%,reducing the mean delay by 95%,and reducing packet loss by 99.7%relative to normal,with DDos attack traffic.

关键词： Network resilience network management attack prediction software defined networking(sDN) distributed denial of service(DDos) healthcare

EECLP: AWireless sensor Networks Energy Efficient Cross-Layer Protocol

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2611-2631页

作者： mohammed Kaddi mohammed Omari Moamen Alnatoor LDDI Laboratory University of AdrarAdrar01000Algeria Computer science and Engineering Department School of EngineeringAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah72603United Arab Emirates

Recent advancements in wireless communications have allowed the birth of novel wireless sensor networks(WsN).A sensor network comprises several micro-sensors deployed randomly in an area of interest.A micro-sensor is provided with an energy resource to supply electricity to all of its ***,the disposed energy resource is limited and battery replacement is generally *** this restriction,the sensors must conserve energy to prolong their *** energy conservation strategies for WsNs have been presented in the literature,from the application to the physical *** of these solutions focus only on optimizing a single layer in terms of energy *** this research,a novel cross-layer technique for WsNs’effective energy usage is *** most energy consumption factors exist in the Medium Access Control(MAC)layer and network layer,our EECLP protocol(Energy Efficient Cross-Layer Protocol for Wireless sensor Networks)integrates these two layers to satisfy energy efficiency *** gain access to the transmission channel,we implement a communication regime at the MAC layer based on CsMA/CA(Carrier sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance)***,depending on the activity and a standby period,we employ the RTs/CTs(Request to send/Clear to send)method to prevent collisions and resolve hidden node concerns by utilizing the network allocation vector(NAV)to calculate the transmission *** a greedy strategy,we establish chains amongst cluster members to mitigate the issue of high energy consumption in routing *** objective function was utilized to determine the optimal cross-chain path based on the distances to the base station(Bs)and residual energy(RE).The simulation,testing,and comparison of the proposed protocol to peer protocols have shown superior outcomes and a prolonged network *** the suggested protocol,the network lifetime increases by 10%compared to fAMACO(fuzzy and Ant Col

关键词： WsN energy consumption MAC layer network layer EECLP energy-efficient lifespan

Nodule Detection Using Local Binary Pattern features to Enhance Diagnostic Decisions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3377-3390页

作者： Umar Rashid Arfan Jaffar Muhammad Rashid mohammed s.Alshuhri sheeraz Akram faculty of Computer science and Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Intelligent Data Visual Computing Research(IDVCR) Lahore54600Pakistan Department of Computer science National University of TechnologyIslamabad45000Pakistan Department of Radiological sciences and Medical Imaging College of AppliedMedical SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia Information systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh12571Saudi Arabia

Pulmonary nodules are small, round, or oval-shaped growths on the lungs. They can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The size of a nodule can range from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter. Nodules may be found during a chest X-ray or other imaging test for an unrelated health problem. In the proposed methodology pulmonary nodules can be classified into three stages. firstly, a 2D histogram thresholding technique is used to identify volume segmentation. An ant colony optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal threshold value. secondly, geometrical features such as lines, arcs, extended arcs, and ellipses are used to detect oval shapes. Thirdly, Histogram Oriented surface Normal Vector (HOsNV) feature descriptors can be used to identify nodules of different sizes and shapes by using a scaled and rotation-invariant texture description. smart nodule classification was performed with the XGBoost classifier. The results are tested and validated using the Lung Image Consortium Database (LICD). The proposed method has a sensitivity of 98.49% for nodules sized 3–30 mm.

关键词： Pulmonary nodules segmentation histogram thresholding

synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： shadfar Davoodi mohammed Al-shargabi David A.Wood Valeriy s.Rukavishnikov Konstantin M.Minaev school of Earth sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Limited LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(sPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling ***,compared to modified natural polymers,sPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,some of sPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent sP use in some medium and deep ***,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of sPs in drilling *** contributions of sPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when sPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by sPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also impact the applications of sPs in drilling ***,the cost of the most relevant sPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are *** impacts of sPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： synthetic versus natural polymers Nanopolymers Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning

A Review on the Advancement of Renewable Natural fiber Hybrid Composites: Prospects, Challenges, and Industrial Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1237-1290页

作者： mohammed mohammed Jawad K.Oleiwi Aeshah M.mohammed Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad Jawad Azlin f.Osman Tijjani Adam Bashir O.Betar subash C.B.Gopinath Center of Excellence Geopolymer&Green Technology(CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia PerlisArau02600Malaysia faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP)Arau02600Malaysia Department of Materials Engineering University of TechnologyBaghdad10070Iraq Department of Chemical Materials University of Bagdad College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-AlhaithamBaghdad10001Iraq Department of Computer Techniques Engineering Al-Rafidain University CollegeBaghdad10001Iraq faculty of Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia PerlisKampus Uniciti Alam Sg.ChuchuhPerlis02100Malaysia Research Center(NANOCAT) University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia PerlisPerlis01000Malaysia Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College&HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Tamil Nadu602105India

Naturalﬁbre(NfR)reinforced functional polymer composites are quickly becoming an indispensable sustainable material in the transportation industry because of their lightweight,lower cost in manufacture,and adaptability to a wide variety of ***,the major difﬁculties of using theseﬁbres are their existing poor dimensional stability and the extreme *** assessing the mechanical properties(MP)of composites,the interfacial bonding(IB)happening between the NfR and the polymer matrix(PM)plays an incredibly signiﬁcant *** compared to NfR/syntheticﬁbre hybrid composites,hybrid composites(HC)made up of two separate NfR are less prevalent;yet,these hybrid composites also have the potential to be valuable materials in terms of environmental issues.A new dimension to theﬂexibility of composites reinforced with NfR is added by the cost-effective manufacture of hybrid composites utilising *** purpose of this study is to offer an over-view of the keyﬁndings that were presented on hybrid *** emphasis was focused on the factors that inﬂuence the performance of the naturalﬁber composites,diverse approaches to enhancing MP,physical,electri-cal,and thermal characteristics of the *** study in polymer science gains interest for applications in con-struction and automotive industries.

关键词： Renewable naturalﬁber hybrid composites sustainability nanomaterial greener material

Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit in the arid area of saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 983-999页

作者： Haq s MARIfATUL Darwish mohammed Waheed MUHAMMAD Kumar MANOJ siddiqui H MANZER Bussmann W RAINER Department of Ethnobotany Institute of BotanyIlia State UniversityTbilisi 0162Georgia The Centre of Excellence on sustainable Land Management(CoE-sLM) Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Botany State Museum for Natural HistoryKarlsruhe 76133Germany

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is *** study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit invasion in saudi Arabia under present and future climate change *** the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive *** conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological *** focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation *** distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate *** complex interaction that influenced the invasion of *** was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife ***,the actual geographic area where *** was found in saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand *** MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC *** and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of ***,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by *** investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(shared socioeconomic Pathways(ssPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substanti

关键词： area under the curve invasive species invasion risks climate change MaxEnt model

Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Analysis for the sine Generalized Linear Exponential Model under Progressively Censored Data

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2795-2823页

作者： Naif Alotaibi A.s.Al-Moisheer Ibrahim Elbatal mohammed Elgarhy Ehab M.Almetwally Department of Mathematics and statistics Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 848Sakaka72351Saudi Arabia Mathematics and Computer science Department Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt Department of Basic sciences Higher Institute of Administrative SciencesBelbeisEgypt faculty of Business Administration Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa11152Egypt

This article introduces a novel variant of the generalized linear exponential(GLE)distribution,known as the sine generalized linear exponential(sGLE)*** sGLE distribution utilizes the sine transformation to enhance its *** updated distribution is very adaptable and may be efficiently used in the modeling of survival data and dependability *** suggested model incorporates a hazard rate function(HRf)that may display a rising,J-shaped,or bathtub form,depending on its unique *** model includes many well-known lifespan distributions as separate *** suggested model is accompanied with a range of statistical *** model parameters are examined using the techniques of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation using progressively censored *** order to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques,we provide a set of simulated data for testing *** relevance of the newly presented model is shown via two real-world dataset applications,highlighting its superiority over other respected similar models.

关键词： sine G family generalized linear failure rate progressively censored data moments maximum likelihood estimation Bayesian estimation simulation

Enhanced termination of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater employing plain and chitosan-modified mxenes: synthesis, characterization,and adsorption performance

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期5卷 339-347页

作者： Njood R.Azeez suhaib s.salih mohammed Kadhom Harith N.mohammed Tushar K.Ghosh Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tikrit Department of Environmental science College of Energy and Environmental Science Al-Karkh University of Science Department of Nuclear science & Engineering Institute University of Missouri-Columbia

Zinc and cadmium pollutants cause a significant environmental effect that cannot be ignored. Due to their considerable amount in an aqueous environment, industries are seeking suitable adsorbents that are environmentally friendly and inexpensive for removing metals from wastewater before disposing of them in surface waters. This research employed original MXene(MX) and chitosan-modified MXene(CsMX) to extract zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)) and cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)) metal ions from water-based solutions. The composite material produced was analyzed using techniques such as X-ray Diffraction(XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy(sEM), fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(fTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET). The effects of contact duration, p H of the solution, and initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption process of Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto both MX and CsMX composites were investigated. MX and prepared CsMX composite presented a high adsorption capacity for both studied heavy metals, which were 91.55 and 73.82 mg/g for Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto MX, 106.84 and 93.07 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto CsMX composite, respectively. furthermore, the maximum competitive adsorption capacities for Zn(Ⅱ) onto MX and CsMX composites are 77.29 and 93.47 mg/g, and for are Cd(Ⅱ)60.30 and 79.66 mg/g, respectively. Hence, the removal capacities for both single and competitive metal ions were superior to CsMX composite. However, the adsorption capacities after five successive regeneration sequences were only dropped by 13.2% for Zn(Ⅱ) and 17.4% for Cd(Ⅱ) onto the CsMX composite compared to the first cycle. These results confirm that both metals could be efficiently terminated from wastewater, which makes the prepared CsMX composite a favorable candidate adsorbent in practical applications.

关键词： Adsorption Chitosan MXene Zn(II) Cd(II) Wastewater