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Numerical Modeling and Technico-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Production System for Self-Consumption: Case of Rural Area in the Comoros

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第5期12卷 24-59页

作者： Fahad Maoulida Mohamed Aboudou Kassim Rabah Djedjig Ahmed Ihlal mohammed el ganaoui LERMAB Laboratory of Studies and Research on Wood Material IUT of Longwy University of Lorraine Cosnes-et-Romain Longwy France LEMA Energy and Applied Mechanics Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Comoros Moroni Comoros IREMIS Institute University of Mayotte Mayotte France LMER Laboratory of Materials and Renewable Faculty of Sciences University Ibn Zohr BP Agadir Morocco

This study aims to provide electricity to a remote village in the Union of Comoros that has been affected by energy problems for over 40 years. The study uses a 50 kW diesel generator, a 10 kW wind turbine, 1500 kW photovoltaic solar panels, a converter, and storage batteries as the proposed sources. The main objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis and optimization of a hybrid diesel and renewable energy system to meet the electricity demand of a remote area village of 800 to 1500 inhabitants located in the north of Ngazidja Island in Comoros. The study uses the Hybrid Optimization Model for electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro to conduct simulations and optimize the analysis using meteorological data from Comoros. The results show that hybrid combination is more profitable in terms of margin on economic cost with a less expensive investment. With a diesel cost of $1/L, an average wind speed of 5.09 m/s and a solar irradiation value of 6.14 kWh/m2/day, the system works well with a proportion of renewable energy production of 99.44% with an emission quantity of 1311.407 kg/year. 99.2% of the production comes from renewable sources with an estimated energy surplus of 2,125,344 kWh/year with the cost of electricity (COE) estimated at $0.18/kWh, presenting a cost-effective alternative compared to current market rates. These results present better optimization of the used hybrid energy system, satisfying energy demand and reducing the environmental impact.

关键词： Hybrid System Rural Area electrification Comoros Techno-Economic Analysis PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Meteorological Data HOMER Energy Pro

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A Methodology to Reduce Thermal Gradients Due to the Exothermic Reactions in Resin Transfer Molding Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 95-103页

作者： Aouatif Saad mohammed el ganaoui Advanced Systems Engineering Laboratory National School of Applied SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitra242Morocco LERMAB/IUT Longwy Institut CarnotNancy186France

Resin transfer molding(RTM)is among the most used manufacturing processes for composite parts.Initially,the resin cure is initiated by heat supply to the mold.The supplementary heat generated during the reaction can cause thermal gradients in the composite,potentially leading to undesired residual stresses which can cause shrinkage and warpage.In the present numerical study of these processes,a one-dimensional finite difference method is used to predict the temperature evolution and the degree of cure in the course of the resin polymerization;the effect of some parameters on the thermal gradient is then analyzed,namely:the fiber nature,the use of multiple layers of reinforcement with different thermal properties and also the temperature cycle variation.The validity of this numerical model is tested by comparison with experimental and numerical results in the existing literature.

关键词： Cure RTM finite difference method thermal gradients residual stresses

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Performance of a Solar-Biomass Adsorption Chiller

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第4期19卷 1015-1026页

作者： Najeh Ghilen mohammed el ganaoui Slimane Gabsi Riad Benelmir Energy WaterEnvironment and Process LaboratoryNational School of Engineering of Gabes University of GabesOmar Ibn ElKhattabGabesTunisia National Engineering School of Sfax SfaxTunisia Faculty of Sciences and Technology/UIT Longwy Lab.LERMAB(UdL/INRA/Labex ARBRE) University of LorraineNancyFrance

A dynamic model is presented for a chiller working with a composite adsorbent(silica activated carbon/CaCl2)–water pair in a solar-biomass cooling installation.The main objective is determining a link between two possible evaporator configurations and the refrigerator’s performances.The two considered evaporators work at different pressure levels.The related time evolution profiles of temperature,pressure and water content are studied.Moreover,the effects of hot water inlet temperature and cooling water inlet temperature on the specific cooling capacity(SCP)and coefficient of performance(COP)are predicted by means of numerical simulations.The results show that an increase in the temperature of hot water and a decrease in the temperature of the cooling water allow an increase in COP and SCP.In particular,for a hot water inlet temperature of 85°C and a cooling water inlet temperature of 40°C,the COP and Qev are 0.67 and 4.3 kW,respectively.

关键词： Adsorption chiller solar biomass performance

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Numerical Simulation of a Granular Flow on a Smooth Inclined Plane

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1631-1638页

作者： Rida Tazi Adil Echchelh mohammed el ganaoui Aouatif Saad Laboratory of Materials and Energy Faculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco LERMAB/IUT Longwy Institut CarnotNancyFrance ASelab Advanced Systems Engineering Laboratory National School of Applied SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco

Unlike most fluids,granular materials include coexisting solid,liquid or gaseous regions,which produce a rich variety of complex flows.Dense flows of grains driven by gravity down inclines occur in nature and in industrialprocesses.To describe the granular flow on an inclined surface,several studies were carried out.We can cite in particular the description of Saint-Venant which considers a dry granular flow,without cohesion and it only takes into account the substance-substrate friction,this model proposes a simplified form of the granular flow,which depends on the one side on the angle of inclination of the substrate with respect to the horizontal plane and on the other side on the thickness of the substance H.The numerical simulation we have developed is first based on the Saint-Venant model,it allowed us to visualize the variation of the speed according to the thickness of the substance(from 0 to H)and to deduce the average speed of the substance on an inclined plane.However,this restrictive model does not take into account the effect of particle friction on the flow and considers that the thickness H is constant.To make our simulation more realistic,we opted for the Savage-Hatter model.We took into account the variation of the thickness on the particles speed,in addition we have studied the effect of the variation of many parameters on the granular flow,namely the temperature and the roughness of the substrate,the density and the compactness of the substance,we found that the speed of the particles increases and the treatment time decreases with an increase in temperature.

关键词： Granular flow friction cohesion angle ofinclination temperature

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Performance Analysis of a Solar Continuous Adsorption Refrigeration System

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第4期19卷 1067-1081页

作者： Kolthoum Missaoui Nader Frikha Abdelhamid Kheiri Slimane Gabsi mohammed el ganaoui Lorraine University NancyFrance Gabes University GabesTunisia Sfax University SfaxTunisia Lorraine University LongwyFrance

A study is conducted on the performances of a solar powered continuous-adsorption refrigerator considering two particular days as references cases,namely,the summer solstice(June 21st)and the autumn equinox(September 21st).The cooling capacity,system performance coefficient and the daily rate of available cooling energy are assessed.The main goal is to compare the performances of a solar adsorption chiller equipped with a hot water tank(HWT)with an equivalent system relying on solar collectors with no heat storage module.The daily cooling rates for the solar refrigerator are found to be 102.4 kWh and 74.3 kWh,respectively,on June 21st and on September 21st,using a total collector’s area of 43.47 m2.The corresponding values for the adsorption chiller equipped with a hot water tank of 2 m3(and using a total collector’s area of 72.45 m2),are 127.1 kWh and 106.13 kWh,respectively.

关键词： Solar continuous adsorption refrigerator dynamic energetic study system performance hot water tank CPC collector thorough system variable heat source

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Feasibility Study for a Hybrid Power Plant(PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage)Connected to the electricity Grid

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1607-1617页

作者： Fahad Maoulida Kassim Mohamed Aboudou Djedjig Rabah mohammed el-ganaoui Laboratory LEMAFaculty of Sciences and TechniquesUniversity of ComorosMoroniComoros Laboratory LERMABIUT Henri Poincaréof LongwyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance IREMIS Institute CUFRUniversity of MayotteDembeni MayotteFrance

In this work,we present a feasibility study for a new hybrid power plant(PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage)directly connected to the electrical grid.Several simulations are performed to verify the performance of the hybrid system under different scenarios using real meteorological data.It is shown that the performances of the hybrid system connected to the electrical network depend obviously on the available energy resources and constraints because the renewable energies are intermittent.In addition,the price of the kWh of electricity supplied by the hybrid system is determined,which amounts to$0.209/kWh,which is very cost effective and satisfactory for the considered sample conditions(Comoros Island).

关键词： Hybrid energy renewable energy HOMER connected grid

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Simulation of the Hygrothermal Behavior of a Building Envelope Based on Phase Change Materials and a Bio-Based Concrete

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1483-1494页

作者： Dongxia Wu Mourad Rahim Wendong Li mohammed el ganaoui Rachid Bennacer University of Lorraine LERMABIUT H Poincaréde LongwyLongwy54400France University of Paris-Saclay ENS Paris-SaclayCNRSLMTGif-sur-Yvette91190France

Phase Change Materials(PCMs)have high thermal inertia,and hemp concrete(HC),a bio-based concrete,has strong hygroscopic behavior.In previous studies,PCM has been extensively combined with many materials,however,most of these studies focused on thermal properties while neglecting hygroscopic aspects.In this study,the two materials have been combined into a building envelope and the related hygrothermal properties have been studied.In particular,numerical studies have been performed to investigate the temperature and relative humidity behavior inside the HC,and the effect of adding PCM on the hygrothermal behavior of the HC.The results show that there is a high coupling between temperature and relative humidity inside the HC,since the relative humidity changes on the second and third days are different,with values of 8%and 4%,respectively.Also,the variation of relative humidity with temperature indicates the dominant influence of temperature on relative humidity variation.With the presence of PCM,the temperature variation inside the HC is damped due to the high thermal inertia of the PCM,which also leads to suppression of moisture evaporation and thus damping of relative humidity variation.On the second and third days,the temperature changes at the central position are reduced by 4.6%and 5.1%,compared to the quarter position.For the relative humidity change,the reductions are 5.3%and 5.4%on the second and third days,respectively.Therefore,PCM,with high thermal inertia,acts as a temperature damper and has the potential to increase the moisture buffering capacity inside the HC.This makes it possible for such a combined envelope to have both thermal and hygric inertia.

关键词： Phase change material(PCM) bio-based concrete passive building envelope heat and moisture transfer hygrothermal performance

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Experimental investigation of hygrothermal behavior of wooden-frame house under real climate conditions

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第1期4卷 122-129页

作者： Mourad Rahim Rabah Djedjig Dongxia Wu Rachid Bennacer mohammed el ganaoui University of Lorraine LERMABIUT H Poincaréde Longwy168 Rue de LorraineCosnes et Romain54400 LongwyFrance University of Paris-Saclay ENS Paris-SaclayCNRSLMT91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

This paper deals with the experimental investigation of hygrothermal behavior of wooden-frame building enve-lope.The experiment was based on in-situ monitoring of a full size experimental monozone house built at the University of Lorraine.Variations in temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the envelope were logged simultaneously with local meteorological data.Results showed the high coupling between temperature and relative humidity variations within the envelope materials.An overall hygrothermal response of the wall highlighted an interesting hygrothermal dynamic behavior of the envelope which may contribute to mitigate variations of relative humidity inside the building.Nevertheless,relative humidity evolves within a range of values that can lead to mold growth at a certain position which may alter wooden envelope life.

关键词： 3 hygrothermal behavior Heat and mass transfer Wood Bio-based building envelope

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The Effect of the Fin Length on the Solidification Process in a Rectangular Enclosure with Internal Fins

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2019年第2期15卷 125-137页

作者： Laila Khatra Hamid el Qarnia mohammed el ganaoui Cadi Ayyad University Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaDepartment of PhysicsP.O.2390Fluid Mechanics and Energetic(affiliated to CNRSTURAC 27)MarrakeshMorocco Lorraine University Energetic Laboratory of Longwy(FJV/LERMAB)Henri PoincaréInstitute of LongwyFrance

The aim of the proposed work is to study the solidification process within a rectangular enclosure provided with three internal rectangular fins attached to the left vertical wall of the cavity.This latest is filled with a phase change material(PCM),initially liquid,at a temperature above its melting temperature.The solidification process was initiated by cooling the left wall and fins to a temperature lower than the melting temperature.In order to study and examine the thermal behavior and thermal performance of the proposed system,a mathematical model,based on the conservation equations of mass,momentum and energy was developed.The governing equations and their associated boundary and initial conditions were next adimensionalyzed.Therefore,several controlling parameters were appeared.The volume control method was used to discretize the equations.The resulting algebraic equations were solved iteratively.Numerical investigations were carried out to study and examine the effect of the dimensionless fin length on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields of the flow,the dimensionless heat flux,the solidified mass fraction and the dimensionless time of complete solidification.

关键词： Phase change material solidification enthalpy method fins rectangular enclosure

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Numerical Study on the Resin Transfer Molding Curing Process for Thick Composites Materials

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 223-232页

作者： Rida Tazi Adil Echchelh mohammed Hattabi mohammed el ganaoui Aouatif Saad Laboratory of Materials and Energy Faculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco ENSEM University Hassan IICasablancaMorocco LERMAB/IUT Longwy Institut CarnotNancyFrance Advanced Systems Engineering Laboratory National School of Applied SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco

The successful manufacture of thick composites is challenging since the highly exothermic nature of thermoset resins and limited temperature control make avoiding the onset of detrimental thermal gradients within the composite relatively difficult.This phenomenon is mainly caused by exothermic heat reactions.The so-called Michaud's model has been largely used in the literature to reduce the gap between experience and simulation with regard to the effective prediction of the temperature cycle in these processes.In this work,another solution is proposed to simulate the curing process for thick composites,namely preheating the resin to activate the curing reaction before resin injection into the mold.A good agreement between the experiment and the simulation is found.Moreover,in order to minimize the thermal gradient in the final composite,the thermophysical properties of the fiber and the torque(temperature,time)of the Plate have been varied leading to interesting results.

关键词： Resin transfer molding thick composite curing thermal gradient

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