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Experimental and numerical settlement analysis of railway track over geogrid reinforced ballast

Railway Sciences 2024年第3期3卷 311-331页

作者： mohammed Y.Fattah Mahmood R.Mahmood mohammed F.Aswad Department of Civil Engineering UOTBaghdadIraq

Purpose-The main objective of the present research is to investigate the benefits of using geogrid reinforcement in minimizing the rate of deterioration of ballasted rail track geometry resting on soft clay and to explore the effect of load amplitude,load frequency,presence of geogrid layer in ballast layer and ballast layer thickness on the behavior of track *** variables are studied both experimentally and *** paper examines the effect of geogrid reinforced ballast laying on a layer of clayey soil as a subgrade layer,where a half full scale railway tests are conducted as well as a theoretical analysis is ***/methodologylapproach-The experimental tests work consists of laboratory model tests to investigate the reduction in the compressibility and stress distribution induced in soft clay under a ballast railway reinforced by geogrid reinforcement subjected to dynamic *** model based on an approximate half scale for general rail track engineering practice is adopted in this study which is used in Iraqi *** investigated parameters are load amplitude,load frequency and presence of geogrid reinforcement layer.A half fuli-scale railway was constructed for carrying out the tests,which consists of two rails 800 mm in iength with three w00den sleepers(900 mm×90 mm×90 mm).The ballast was overlying 500 mm thick clay *** tests were carried out with and without geogrid reinforcement,the tests were carried out in a well tied steel box of 1.5 m length X 1 m width X 1 m height.A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the response of the ballast and the clay layers where the ballast was reinforced by a *** in ballast and clay,was measured in reinforced and unreinforced ballast *** addition to the laboratory tests,the application of numerical analysis was made by using the finite element program PLAXIS 3D ***-It was concluded that the settlement increased with increasing t

关键词： Track ettlement Ballast Finiteelements

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Isolation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Wood and Fabrication of Polylactic Acid(PLA)Based Green Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1455-1474页

作者： Selwin Maria Sekar Rajini Nagarajan Ponsuriyaprakash Selvakumar Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi Kumar Krishnan Faruq Mohammad mohammed Rafi Shaik Nadir Ayrilmis Department of Mechanical Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626126India Department of Mechanical Engineering SSM Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624002India Department of Engineering Centre for Engineering ResearchSchool of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBNNilai71800Malaysia Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University–CerrahpasaBahcekoySariyerIstanbul34473Turkey

An innovative microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)natural fibre powder-reinforced PLA biocomposite was investigated using the hand lay-up *** polymer matrix composite(PMC)samples were prepared by varying the weight percentages(wt.%)of both PLA matrix and MCC reinforcement:pure PLA/100:0,90:10,80:20,70:30,60:40 and 50:50 wt.%,*** the results obtained,MCC powder,with its impressive aspect ratio,proved to be an ideal reinforcement for the PLA,exhibiting exceptional mechanical *** was evident that the 80:20 wt.%biocomposite sample exhibited the maximum improvement in the tensile,flexural,notched impact,compressive strength and hardness by 28.85%,20.00%,91.66%,21.53%and 35.82%,respectively compared to the pure PLA ***,during the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),the same 80:20 wt.%biocomposite sample showed a minimum weight loss of 20%at 400℃,among *** morphological study using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)revealed that the uniform distribution of cellulose reinforcement in the PLA matrix actively improved the mechanical properties of the biocomposites,especially the optimal 80:20 wt.%***,it was evident that the optimal PLA/cellulose biocomposite sample could be a suitable and alternative sustainable,environmentally friendly and biodegradable material for semi/structural applications,replacing synthetic and traditional components.

关键词： Polylactic acid micro crystalline cellulose biocomposite characterizations FESEM environmental pollution

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Effect of nutrition-related infodemics and social media on maternal experience: A nationwide survey in a low/middle income country

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 93-106页

作者： Marwa M Zein Noha Arafa Mortada H F El-Shabrawi Nehal mohammed El-Koofy Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Cairo UniversityCairo 515211Egypt Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Children's HospitalKasralainy Medical SchoolCairo UniversityCairo 515211Egypt Department of Pediatrics Cairo UniversityCairo 12411Egypt Department of Pediatrics The Children's HospitalCairo UniversityCairo 12411Egypt

BACKGROUND Undernutrition is a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-or middle-income countries(LMICs).A better understanding of maternal general healthy nutrition knowledge,as well as misbeliefs,is highly essential,especially in such *** the current era of infodemics,it is very strenuous for mothers to select not only the right source for maternal nutrition information but the correct information as *** To assess maternal healthy nutritional knowledge and nutrition-related misbeliefs and misinformation in an LMIC,and to determine the sources of such information and their assessment *** This cross-sectional analytical observational study enrolled 5148 randomly selected Egyptian mothers who had one or more children less than 15 years *** data were collected through online questionnaire forms:One was for the general nutrition knowledge assessment,and the other was for the nutritional myth *** of information and ways of evaluating internet sources using the Currency,Relevance,Authority,Accuracy,and Purpose test were additionally *** The mean general nutrition knowledge score was 29±9,with a percent score of 70.8%±12.1%(total score:41).The median myth score was 9(interquartile range:6,12;total score:18).The primary sources of nutrition knowledge for the enrolled mothers were social media platforms(55%).Half of the mothers managed information for currency and authority,except for considering the author's contact *** than 60%regularly checked information for accuracy and *** mothers with significant nutrition knowledge checked periodically for the author's contact information(P=0.012).The nutrition myth score was significantly lower among mothers who periodically checked the evidence of the information(P=0.016).Mothers dependent on their healthcare providers as the primary source of their general nutritional knowledge were less likely to hold myths by 13%(P=0.044).However,usi

关键词： Nutrition Infodemics Maternal knowledge Myth Low/middle income country

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The Effect of Mineral Composition and Quantity of Fines on the Atterberg Limits and Compaction Characteristics of Soils

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 258-276页

作者： Abdalhamid Musbah Muad mohammed Adem Alfghia Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Faculty Cyprus International University Nicosia Turkish Republic of North Cyprus

Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is not well known. Three distinct soil samples were used in this investigation. The findings indicated the effect of varied mineral composition proportions and fines amount on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index as assessed by the Casagrande test and hand-rolling method. The fluctuation of maximum dry density and optimal moisture content with these three soils has also been studied. Furthermore, correlations were established to indicate the compaction parameters and the amount of minerals and particles in the soil. The data show that the mineral content of the soil has a direct impact on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics. Soils containing larger percentages of expansive minerals, such as montmorillonite, have more flexibility and volume change capability. Mineral composition influences compaction parameters such as maximum dry density, ideal water content, axial strain, and axial stress. Soils with a larger proportion of fines, such as Soil 2 and Soil 3, have stronger flexibility and lower compaction qualities, with higher ideal water content and lower maximum dry density. Soil 1 has moderate flexibility and intermediate compaction qualities due to its low fines percentage. The effect of different mineral compositions and fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils can be used to predict the behavior of compacted soils encountered in engineering practices, reducing the time and effort required to assess soil suitability for engineering use.

关键词： Atterberg Limit Mineral Composition Quantity of Fines Maximum Dry Unit Weight Optimum Water Content

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Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 125-140页

作者： mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Mohamed Basiony Hamza Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt

BACKGROUND Infants'nutrition significantly influences their growth,development,and overall *** the increasing demand for organic infant formula driven by the perception of health benefits and growing awareness of natural feeding options,it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability between organic and traditional infant *** To provide a concise and precise analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant *** to limited direct comparisons,the review synthesizes available literature on each formula type,presenting insights into their potential effects on infants'digestive *** An extensive literature search was conducted,compiling studies on organic and traditional infant formulas,their compositions,and reported effects on gastrointestinal *** searched academic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and specialized nutrition,paediatrics,and infant health journals using relevant keywords till October 1,*** Although specific comparative studies are scarce and formula heterogeneity is a significant limitation,this systematic review provides an in-depth understanding of organic infant formulas'composition and potential *** scientific evidence directly comparing gastrointestinal tolerability is limited,organic formulas strive to use carefully selected organic ingredients to imitate breast milk *** benefits include improved lipid profiles,higher methionine content,and decreased antibiotic-resistant bacteria *** the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic and traditional infant formulas is crucial for parents and healthcare providers to make informed *** Despite limitations in direct comparisons,this systematic review provides insights into the composition and potential benefits of organic infant *** emphasizes the need for further research to eluci

关键词： Organic infant formula Traditional infant formula Gastrointestinal tolerability Formula ingredients Digestive health Infant nutrition Organic farming

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Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 31-54页

作者： Sabah mohammed Asiri Sultan Yahia Alfifii Tagreed Khairan Al-Rashidi Sager Misfer Alqahtani Faiz Abdulrahman Alshafa Fayez Mari Alamri Amal mohammed Asiri Fatima mohammed Ali Almagadi Thuraya mohammed Asiri Department of Therapeutic Assistance Management General Directorate of Health Affairs Asser Region Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Health Affairs General Directorate of Health Affairs Asser Region Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Kidney King Khaled Hospital Hail Saudi Arabia Department of Nursing Sarat Abida Hospital Aseer Saudi Arabia Department of Radiation Oncology King Faisal Medical City Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Health Affairs KSA MOH Department of Kidney Dialysis Centers General Directorate of Health Affairs Aseer Region Abha Saudi Arabia Department of Operation Ahad Rafidah Hospital General Directorate of Health Affairs in Asseer Region Abha Saudi Arabia South Qunfudah General Hospital Jizan Saudi Arabia Armed Forces Southern Region Hospital Aseer Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

关键词： Assessment Breast Cancer Prevention Practices Women Attending Health Care Centers Abha City

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Computed tomography for prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 175-177页

作者： mohammed Elhendawy Ferial Elkalla Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Tanta UniversityTanta 31111Egypt

This letter to the editor relates to the study entitled“The role of computed tomography for the prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding:Current status and future perspectives”.Esophageal variceal bleeding(EVB)is one of the most common and severe complications related to portal hypertension(PH).Despite marked advances in its management during the last three decades,EVB is still associated with significant morbidity and *** risk of first EVB is related to the severity of both PH and liver disease,and to the size and endoscopic appearance of esophageal ***,hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)and esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)are currently recognized as the“gold standard”and the diagnostic reference standard for the prediction of EVB,***,HVPG is an invasive,expensive,and technically complex procedure,not widely available in clinical practice,whereas EGD is mainly limited by its invasive *** this scenario,computed tomography(CT)has been recently proposed as a promising modality for the non-invasive prediction of *** CT serves solely as a diagnostic tool and cannot replace EGD or HVPG for delivering therapeutic and physiological information,it has the potential to enhance the prediction of EVB more effectively when combined with liver disease scores,HVPG,and ***,to date,evidence concerning the role of CT in this setting is still lacking,therefore we aim to summarize and discuss the current evidence concerning the role of CT in predicting the risk of EVB.

关键词： Esophageal variceal bleeding Variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding Portal hypertension Computed tomography Computed tomography angiography

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Coronary Artery Patterns in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography-Data from a Major Cardiac Center in Yemen

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 268-281页

作者： mohammed M. Al-Kebsi Yehia Al-Ezzy Amatasamad Al-Tanobi Ayman A. mohammed Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Sana&#8217a University Sana&#8217a Yemen Cardiac Center Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital Sana&#8217a Yemen

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is a shared burden disease and the leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. We aimed to assess the angiographic patterns of coronary arteries in patients with DM in a developing country (Yemen) as the first study. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study that includes a total of 250 patients who were admitted for elective diagnostic coronary angiography. Results: 96 (38.4%) patients were diabetics;68% were male;mean age was 57 ± 11 years. The incidence of three-vessel disease was 31.2% of patients. Considering the severity of lumen occlusion, (11.2%) of patients had non-significant lesions, (37.6%) of patients had significant lesions, and (32%) had total occlusive lesions. Lesions were of LAD in 76%, RCA in 60%, and LCX in 52% of the population. Among diabetics, two and 3-vessel diseases (33.3% vs. 20.8% & 50% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.001), left main lesion (10.4% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.012), significant stenosis (41.7% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.032), total occlusion of coronary arteries (43.8% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.032) and type C lesion (66.7% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.010) were more frequent than non-DM patients. Conclusion: The burden of significant and severe coronary lesions is more common among DM, which may be the major cause of morbidity and mortality of DM in developing countries.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Coronary Artery Diseases Coronary Angiography

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Platelet counts to spleen diameter ratio:A promising noninvasive tool for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhosis patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1177-1187页

作者： Getnet Yigzaw Mossie Abdulsemed mohammed Nur Zekarias Seifu Ayalew Gebeyehu Tessema Azibte Kaleb Assefa Berhane Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of General Medicine Adera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of progressive liver fibrosis as a consequence of chronic liver inflammation,wherein the standard hepatic architecture is replaced by regenerative hepatic nodules,which eventually lead to liver *** without any symptoms is referred to as compensated *** such as ascites,variceal bleeding,and hepatic encephalopathy indicate the onset of decompensated *** varices are the hallmark of clini-cally significant portal *** To determine the accuracy of the platelet count-to-spleen diameter(PC/SD)ratio to evaluate esophageal varices(EV)in patients with *** This retrospective observational study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specia-lized Hospital and Adera Medical Center from January 1,2019,to December 30,*** were collected via chart review and direct patient interviews using structured *** data were exported to the SPSS software version 26 for analysis and clearance.A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for splenic diameter,platelet count,and PC/SD ratio to obtain sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood *** Of the 140 participants,67%were *** B(38%)was the most common cause of cirrhosis,followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis(28%)and hepatitis C(16%).Approximately 83.6%of the participants had endoscopic evidence of EV,whereas 51.1%had gastric *** cirrhosis and PC were associated with the presence of EV with adjusted odds ratios of 12.63(95%CI:3.16-67.58,P=0.001)and 0.14(95%CI:0.037-0.52,P=0.004),respectively.A PC/SD ratio<1119 had a sensitivity of 86.32%and specificity of 70%with area under the curve of 0.835(95%CI:0.736-0.934,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A PC/SD ratio<1119 predicts EV in patients with *** is a valuable,noninvasive tool for EV risk assess-ment in resource-limited settings.

关键词： Cirrhosis,Esophageal varices,Portal hypertension Platelet count Splenic diameter

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Assessing the pomfret stock for setting catch limits in the northern Bay of Bengal,Bangladesh

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 324-335页

作者： mohammed Shahidul Alam Qun Liu Md Mostafa Monwar Md Enamul Hoque Suman Barua Md Leion Hassan Abdullah Munzer College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266003China Department of Fisheries University of ChittagongChattogram4331Bangladesh Institute of Marine Sciences University of ChittagongChattogram4331Bangladesh Department of Oceanography University of ChittagongChattogram4331Bangladesh Department of Fisheries Ministry of Fisheries and LivestockDhaka1215Bangladesh

Pampus argenteus and Pampus chinensis form the high-value demersal Pomfret fishery of ***,due to a monotonic decline in catches over the last five years,it is essential to explore the current stock status concerning the removal rate to ensure the sustainability of this ***,given the reliability and minimal data requirements,this study employed an extended Bayesian State-Space Surplus Production Model,JABBA(Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment),to assess the stock *** results revealed that the stock biomass of the Pomfret fishery in the final year of the time series is significantly lower than BMSY,the biomass required to produce ***,this study recommends a yearly catch limit(TAC)of 10,000 metric tons to prevent further depletion of the stock ***,to avoid growth overfishing by allowing all immature fishes to reproduce at least once before being caught,this study also calculated the optimum length(Lopt)for catch for both species at which biologically maximum yield and revenue can be *** estimated Lopt is 25 cm for *** and 30 cm for ***,and not to capture fishes with lengths lower than these limits,this study further calculated the minimum mesh size limits for gill and set bag nets is 7.5 *** the mesh size regulation was estimated using length-based reference points derived from an empirical equation,this regulation can be used as an associate reference point when TAC is applied to assure the sustainability of this fishery.

关键词： Pomfret fishery Stock assessment JABBA TAC Lower length limits for catches Mesh size regulation

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