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Metabolomic changes in children with autism

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 171-197页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaBahrainManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive *** profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with *** To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD,integrating findings from various research articles,reviews,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,editorials,and a book *** A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases,including PubMed,PubMed Central,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,LISA,and NLM catalog up until January *** criteria encompassed research articles(83),review articles(145),meta-analyses(6),systematic reviews(6),case reports(2),editorials(2),and a book chapter(1)related to metabolomic changes in children with *** criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included *** The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing *** metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments,improve diagnostic accuracy,and inform personalized treatment *** profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with *** Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,guiding personalized treatment approaches,monitoring treatment response,and improving *** research is needed to validate findings,establish standardized protocols,and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic *** advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD,clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Metabolic dysregulations Metabolomic changes Children Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative stress Amino acids

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Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases:Pros and cons

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 198-220页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupBahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin is a valuable biomarker for assessing intestinal inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal ***,its role,pros,and cons in various conditions must be comprehensively *** To explore the role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases,including its advantages and *** A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed,PubMed Central,Google Scholar,and other scientific research engines until February 24,*** review included 88 research articles,56 review articles,six metaanalyses,two systematic reviews,two consensus papers,and two letters to the *** Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker for detecting intestinal inflammation and monitoring disease activity in pediatric conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders,inflammatory bowel disease,coeliac disease,coronavirus disease 2019-induced gastrointestinal disorders,gastroenteritis,and cystic fibrosis-associated intestinal ***,its lack of specificity and susceptibility to various confounding factors pose challenges in *** these limitations,fecal calprotectin offers significant advantages in diagnosing,monitoring,and managing pediatric gastrointestinal *** Fecal calprotectin holds promise as a valuable tool in pediatric gastroenterology,offering insights into disease activity,treatment response,and *** protocols and guidelines are needed to optimize its clinical utility and mitigate interpretation *** research is warranted to address the identified limitations and enhance our understanding of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Pediatric gastrointestinal diseases Functional gastrointestinal disorders Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac disease COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Cystic fibrosis

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Microphallus early management in infancy saves adulthood sensual life:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 16-37页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Majed A Shaikh Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511Egypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterSulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medical Microbiology Section and Pathology Salmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Department of Medical Microbiology Section and Pathology Irish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterSulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Ibn Al Nafees HospitalManama 54533Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503Bahrain

Microphallus/Micropenis is a rare condition with significant physical and psychological implications for affected *** article comprehensively reviews micropenis,its etiology,epidemiology,and various treatment *** conducted a thorough literature review to collect relevant information on micropenis and microphallus,as well as related *** primary databases were PubMed,Medline,and Google *** searched for articles published in English between 2000 and *** analysis included 67 review articles,56 research studies,11 case reports,one guideline,and one *** search terms included"microphallus","micropenis","congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","androgen insensitivity syndrome","pediatric management of micropenis","testosterone therapy",and"psychosocial implications of micropenis".We focused on diagnosing micropenis and related conditions,including hormonal assessments,medical and surgical treatment options,psychosocial and psychological well-being,sexual development of adolescents,and sociocultural influences on men's perceptions of penile ***,we explored parenting and family dynamics in cases of micropenis and disorders of sex development,implications of hormonal treatment in neonates,and studies related to penile augmentation procedures and their *** article highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in addressing the physical and psychological well-being of individuals with *** procedures,such as penile lengthening and girth enhancement,and non-surgical approaches like hormonal therapy are *** significance of psychological support,education,and lifestyle modifications is *** management and comprehensive care are crucial for individuals with micropenis,from infancy to adolescence and beyond.A multidisciplinary approach involving urologists,endocrinologists,and mental health professionals is *** assessment of treatment e

关键词： Microphallus Micropenis Hypogonadism Children Adults Sensual life Testosterone therapy

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Pulse oximetry in pediatric care:Balancing advantages and limitations

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第3期13卷 69-97页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of Surgeon in BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry has become a cornerstone technology in healthcare,providing non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation levels and pulse *** its widespread use,the technology has inherent limitations and challenges that must be addressed to ensure accurate and reliable patient *** To comprehensively evaluate the advantages,limitations,and challenges of pulse oximetry in clinical practice,as well as to propose recommendations for optimizing its *** A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies related to pulse oximetry and its applications in various clinical *** articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data were synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the *** Pulse oximetry offers numerous advantages,including non-invasiveness,real-time feedback,portability,and ***,several limitations and challenges were identified,including motion artifacts,poor peripheral perfusion,ambient light interference,and patient-specific factors such as skin pigmentation and hemoglobin *** for optimizing pulse oximetry use include technological advancements,education and training initiatives,quality assurance protocols,and interdisciplinary *** Pulse oximetry is crucial in modern healthcare,offering invaluable insights into patients’oxygenation *** its limitations,pulse oximetry remains an indispensable tool for monitoring patients in diverse clinical *** implementing the recommendations outlined in this review,healthcare providers can enhance the effectiveness,accessibility,and safety of pulse oximetry monitoring,ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of care.

关键词： Pulse oximetry Oxygen saturation Monitoring Advantages Limitations Challenges Recommendations Clinical practice Non-invasive Children

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Decoding the genetic landscape of autism:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第3期13卷 98-136页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Eman A Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityAlghrabiaTanta 31511Egypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonMuharraqBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityAlghrabiaTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityAlgharbiaTanta 31527Egypt Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainMuharraqBusiateen 15503Bahrain

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms and genetic *** advancements in genetic and epigenetic research have provided insights into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ASD,influencing both diagnosis and therapeutic *** To explore the genetic architecture of ASD,elucidate mechanistic insights into genetic mutations,and examine gene-environment *** A comprehensive systematic review was conducted,integrating findings from studies on genetic variations,epigenetic mechanisms(such as DNA methylation and histone modifications),and emerging technologies[including Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)-Cas9 and single-cell RNA sequencing].Relevant articles were identified through systematic searches of databases such as PubMed and Google *** Genetic studies have identified numerous risk genes and mutations associated with ASD,yet many cases remain unexplained by known factors,suggesting undiscovered genetic *** insights into how these genetic mutations impact neural development and brain connectivity are still *** modifications,particularly DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs,also play significant roles in ASD *** technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 and advanced bioinformatics are advancing our understanding by enabling precise genetic editing and analysis of complex genomic *** Continued research into the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of ASD is crucial for developing personalized and effective *** efforts integrating multidisciplinary expertise and international collaborations are essential to address the complexity of ASD and translate genetic discoveries into clinical *** unresolved questions and ethical considerations surrounding genetic research will pave the way for improved diagnostic tools and targ

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Genetics Epigenetics Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9 Gene-environment interactions Personalized medicine

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Selenoprotein-p and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第3期13卷 40-52页

作者： Amany Elbarky Kholoud Gamal Ismail Yousef Fouad Yousef Rasha Mohamed Gamal Elshafiey Radwa Mahmoud Elsharaby Asmaa El-Kaffas mohammed al-beltagi Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Unit Pediatric DepartmentFaculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Paediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and obesity present significant challenges in pediatric *** P1(SEPP1)serves as a biomarker for assessing selenium levels in the *** its association with metabolic syndrome is established in adults,its relevance in children remains *** To ascertain SEPP1 blood levels in children and adolescents diagnosed with obesity and to assess its correlation with insulin resistance and adiposity *** 170 children participated in this study,including 85 diagnosed with obesity and an equal number of healthy counterparts matched for age and *** participant underwent a comprehensive medical evaluation,encompassing a detailed medical history,clinical examination,and anthropometric measurements like waist circumference and waist-to-height ***,routine blood tests were conducted,including serum SEPP1,visceral adiposity index(VAI),and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR)*** Our findings revealed significantly lower serum SEPP1 levels in children with obesity compared to their healthy ***,notable negative correlations were observed between serum SEPP1 levels and body mass index,VAI,and *** The study suggests that SEPP1 could serve as a valuable predictor for insulin resistance among children and adolescents diagnosed with *** highlights the potential utility of SEPP1 in pediatric metabolic health assessment and warrants further investigation.

关键词： Obesity Childhood obesity Selenium status Selenoprotien P1 Insulin resistance

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Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 125-140页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Mohamed Basiony Hamza Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt

BACKGROUND Infants'nutrition significantly influences their growth,development,and overall *** the increasing demand for organic infant formula driven by the perception of health benefits and growing awareness of natural feeding options,it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability between organic and traditional infant *** To provide a concise and precise analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant *** to limited direct comparisons,the review synthesizes available literature on each formula type,presenting insights into their potential effects on infants'digestive *** An extensive literature search was conducted,compiling studies on organic and traditional infant formulas,their compositions,and reported effects on gastrointestinal *** searched academic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and specialized nutrition,paediatrics,and infant health journals using relevant keywords till October 1,*** although specific comparative studies are scarce and formula heterogeneity is a significant limitation,this systematic review provides an in-depth understanding of organic infant formulas'composition and potential *** scientific evidence directly comparing gastrointestinal tolerability is limited,organic formulas strive to use carefully selected organic ingredients to imitate breast milk *** benefits include improved lipid profiles,higher methionine content,and decreased antibiotic-resistant bacteria *** the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic and traditional infant formulas is crucial for parents and healthcare providers to make informed *** Despite limitations in direct comparisons,this systematic review provides insights into the composition and potential benefits of organic infant *** emphasizes the need for further research to eluci

关键词： Organic infant formula Traditional infant formula Gastrointestinal tolerability Formula ingredients Digestive health Infant nutrition Organic farming

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Salivary C-reactive protein and mean platelet volume as possible diagnostic markers for late-onset neonatal pneumonia

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 41-51页

作者： Wafaa Ahmed Metwali Abdelrahman Mohamed Elmashad Sahar Mohey Eldin Hazzaa mohammed al-beltagi Mohamed Basiony Hamza Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterDr.Suliaman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain

BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis,a formidable threat to newborns,is a leading cause of neonatal mortality,with late-onset sepsis manifesting after 72 hours post-birth being particularly ***,a prevalent sepsis presentation,poses a significant risk,especially during the neonatal phase when lung defenses are *** diagnosis of pneumonia is imperative for timely and effective ***,a minimally invasive diagnostic medium,holds great promise for evaluating infections,especially in *** To investigate the potential of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),salivary CRP(sCRP),and mean platelet volume(MPV)as diagnostic markers for late-onset neonatal pneumonia(LONP).METHODS Eighty full-term neonates were systematically examined,considering anthropometric measurements,clinical manifestations,radiology findings,and essential biomarkers,including serum CRP,sCRP,and *** The study reveals noteworthy distinctions in serum CRP levels,MPV,and the serum CRP/MPV ratio between neonates with LONP and healthy *** exhibited a robust discriminatory ability[area under the curve(AUC)=0.87]with high sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff value of>*** between serum CRP,sCRP,and MPV were also ***,sCRP demonstrated excellent predictive value for serum CRP levels(AUC=0.89),underscoring its potential as a diagnostic *** This study underscores the diagnostic promise of salivary and serum biomarkers,specifically MPV and CRP,in identifying and predicting LONP among *** findings advocate for further research to validate their clinical utility in larger neonatal cohorts.

关键词： Neonatal sepsis Late-onset pneumonia Salivary C-reactive protein Mean platelet volume Diagnostic markers Newborn infections

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Pre-autism:What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 273-294页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain

Autism,also known as an autism spectrum disorder,is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in the first three years of a child's life.A range of symptoms characterizes it and can be diagnosed at any age,including adolescence and ***,early diagnosis is crucial for effective management,prognosis,and ***,there are no established fetal,prenatal,or newborn screening programs for autism,making early detection *** review aims to shed light on the early detection of autism prenatally,natally,and early in life,during a stage we call as“pre-autism”when typical symptoms are not yet *** fetal,neonatal,and infant biomarkers may predict an increased risk of autism in the coming *** developing a biomarker array,we can create an objective diagnostic tool to diagnose and rank the severity of autism for each *** biomarkers could be genetic,immunological,hormonal,metabolic,amino acids,acute phase reactants,neonatal brainstem function biophysical activity,behavioral profile,body measurements,or radiological ***,every biomarker has its accuracy and *** factors can make early detection of autism a real *** improve early detection,we need to overcome various challenges,such as raising community awareness of early signs of autism,improving access to diagnostic tools,reducing the stigma attached to the diagnosis of autism,and addressing various culturally sensitive concepts related to the disorder.

关键词： Autism Pre-autism Biomarkers Autism spectrum disorder Biophysical profile Neurodevelopment Antenatal Neonatal

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Autism medical comorbidities

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2021年第3期10卷 15-28页

作者： mohammed al-beltagi Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama P.O.Box 26671BahrainBahrain Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 0000000Al GharbiaEgypt

Medical comorbidities are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)than in the general *** genetic disorders are more common in children with ASD such as Fragile X syndrome,Down syndrome,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,neurofibromatosis type I,and tuberous sclerosis *** with autism are also more prone to a variety of neurological disorders,including epilepsy,macrocephaly,hydrocephalus,cerebral palsy,migraine/headaches,and congenital abnormalities of the nervous ***,sleep disorders are a significant problem in individuals with autism,occurring in about 80%of ***(GI)disorders are significantly more common in children with ASD;they occur in 46%to 84%of *** most common GI problems observed in children with ASD are chronic constipation,chronic diarrhoea,gastroesophageal reflux and/or disease,nausea and/or vomiting,flatulence,chronic bloating,abdominal discomfort,ulcers,colitis,inflammatory bowel disease,food intolerance,and/or failure to *** categories of inborn-errors of metabolism have been observed in some patients with autism including mitochondrial disorders,disorders of creatine metabolism,selected amino acid disorders,disorders of folate or B12 metabolism,and selected lysosomal storage disorders.A significant proportion of children with ASD have evidence of persistent neuroinflammation,altered inflammatory responses,and immune ***-brain antibodies may play an important pathoplastic mechanism in *** disorders are significantly more common in individuals with ASD from all age *** influence the development and severity of *** could cause problematic behaviours in at least a significant subset of affected ***,it is important to consider the child with autism as a whole and not overlook possible symptoms as part of *** physician should rule out the presence of a medical condition before moving on to other interventions o

关键词： Autism Children Medical comorbidity Epilepsy Sleep disorders allergy Gastrointestinal diseases

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