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emerging roles and therapeutic potentials of sphingolipids in pathophysiology:emphasis on fatty acyl heterogeneity

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第3期51卷 268-278页

作者： Jinming Mu Sin Man lam Guanghou Shui State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Lipidall Technologies Company Limited ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China

Sphingolipids not only exert structural roles in cellular membranes,but also act as signaling molecules in various physiological and pathological processes.A myriad of studies have shown that abnormal levels of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes are associated with a variety of human ***,blood sphingolipids can also be used as biomarkers for disease *** review summarizes the biosynthesis,metabolism,and pathological roles of sphingolipids,with emphasis on the biosynthesis of ceramide,the precursor for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids with different fatty acyl *** possibility of using sphingolipids for disease prediction,diagnosis,and treatment is also *** endogenous ceramides and complex sphingolipids along with their specific fatty acyl chain to promote future drug development will also be discussed.

关键词： Sphingolipids Ceramide Therapeutic targets Microdomain Biomarker

Analysis of the inflection points of height-diameter models

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Forest ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 414-422页

作者： Tzeng Yih lam Mark J.Ducey Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of ForestryThe University of British Columbia2045-2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Natural Resources and the environment University of New Hampshire114 James HallDurhamNH 03824USA

The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)*** is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model ***,there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D *** goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional *** six models were the Wykoff(WYK),Schumacher(SCH),Curtis(CUR),HossfeldⅣ(HOS),von Bertalanffy-Richards(VBR),and Gompertz(GPZ)*** models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial *** distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models WYK,SCH,and CUR,but were different between the threeparameter models HOS,VBR,and *** produced some of the largest inflection *** and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7%and 39.7%of the tree *** species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection *** trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the ***,HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the *** on the studied behaviors,the choice between two-parameter models may not *** recommend comparing seve ral three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on *** sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with *** study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.

关键词： Concavity Forest inventory and analysis Generalized height-diameter models Growth functions Height-diameter functions Mixed-effects modeling Points of inflection Species-specific models

epitranscriptomic Regulation of NMDA Receptors Rears its Ugly Head in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1209-1211页

作者： Wing lam Yu Gerald W.Zamponi Department of Clinical Neurosciences Hotchkiss Brain InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada

number of different cancer chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin,oxaliplatin,and paclitaxel can lead to nerve damage,thereby giving rise to neuropathic pain states that present with mechanical and cold allodynia[1].Although these pain conditions often resolve after completion of the chemotherapy,a significant portion of patients exhibit longlasting pain that can persist longer than 12 months with a negative impact on the quality of life of affected individuals[1].

关键词： chemotherapy pain damage

Population Dynamics in an Advective environment

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 399-430页

作者： King-Yeung lam Ray Lee Yuan Lou Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA School of Mathematical Sciences CMA-Shanghai and MOE-LSCShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

We consider a one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation describing single-and two-species population dynamics in an advective environment,based on the modeling frameworks proposed by Lutscher et *** *** analyze the effect of rate of loss of individuals at both the upstream and downstream *** the single-species case,we prove the existence of the critical domain size and provide explicit formulas in terms of model *** further derive qualitative properties of the critical domain size and show that,in some cases,the critical domain size is either strictly decreasing over all diffusion rates,or monotonically increasing after first decreasing to a *** also consider competition between species differing only in their diffusion *** two species having large diffusion rates,we give a sufficient condition to determine whether the faster or slower diffuser wins the *** also briefly discuss applications of these results to competition in species whose spatial niche is affected by shifting isotherms caused by climate change.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion-advection Critical domain size Competition Climate change

Interfacial friction induced capillary flow within nanofiber-supported ionic liquid droplets

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Green energy & environment 2024年第5期9卷 789-791页

作者： Yuanyuan Zhao Gang Xia Yintung lam John Haozhong Xin School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Shenzhen Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenChina

As global economic growth increases,the demand for energy sources *** fossil fuels have traditionally satisﬁed this demand,their environmental inﬂuence and limited reserves require *** fuel combustion contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions,with a pressing need to halve these emissions by 2030 and target net-zero by *** energy sources,contributing currently to 29%of global electricity,are viewed as promising *** wind energy's potential,Zheng's team developed a novel method to harness even low wind speeds using well-aligned nanoﬁbers and an innovative“drop wind generator”.This system,combining moisture-saturated ionic liquid 3-Methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride with speciﬁc nanoﬁber arrays,exploits wind-inducedﬂows for energy *** study highlights the vast untapped potential of low-speed wind as a sustainable energy source potentially for electronics.

关键词： Wind energy Low-speed wind Ionic liquid electronic devices

endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane P Selvanderan eric lam Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(eUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its *** this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et *** spectrum of eUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric *** data suggest that the application of eUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for *** data,specifically randomised trials comparing eUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis endoscopy endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

Fabrication of La,Ce co-doped ZnO nanorods for improving photodegradation of methylene blue

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Journal of Rare earths 2024年第1期42卷 76-83,I0003页

作者： erfan Hakim Azmal Zaid Jin-Chung Sin Sze-Mun lam Abdul Rahman Mohamed School of Chemical engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)14300Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia College of environmental Science and engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for environmental Pollution Control Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Faculty of engineering and Green Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan UniversitiBandar Barat31900KamparPerakMalaysia

La,Ce co-doped ZnO nanorods(ZnLC)were synthesized through a one-step solvothermal *** photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray,transmission electron microscopy,UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photo luminescence *** La and Ce doping enhanced the visible light absorption ability of ZnLC and a red shift was detected for *** simulated solar light irradiation,the ZnO doped with 3 at%La and 1 at%Ce(ZnLC1)degrades methylene blue(MB)more effectively than those of pure ZnO,La-doped ZnO(ZnL)and commercially available *** improved photocatalytic performance of ZnLC1 can be attributed to the high charge separation efficiency as demonstrated by the photoluminescence ***,the photocatalytic experiments reveal that several parameters have their own impact on the MB *** a variety of radical scavengers,it is discovered that superoxide anion radical plays a crucial role in the degradation of *** ZnLC1 is also reused several times without noticeable decrease of photoactivity,indicating that it has a substantial potential for environmental remediation applications.

关键词： ZnO Lanthanum Cerium Co-doping Photodegradation Rare earths

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

Regulation of PM_(2.5)on mitochondrial damage in H9c2 cells through miR-421/SIRT3 pathway and protective effect of miR-421 inhibitor and resveratrol

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 288-300页

作者： Shanshan Chen Wenqi Chen Zhiping Li Jianwei Yue Ken Kin lam Yung Ruijin Li Institute of environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Institute of Judicial Identification Techniques for environmental Damage Shanxi University and Shanxi Unisdom Testing Technology Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030006China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory Taiyuan 030006China

Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD)morbidity and *** are sensitive targets of PM_(2.5),and mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the occurrence of *** epigenetic mechanism of PM_(2.5)-triggered mitochondrial injury of cardiomyocytes is *** study focused on the mi R-421/SIRT3 signaling pathway to investigate the regulatory mechanism in cardiac mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in rat H9c2 cells induced by PM_(2.5).Results illustrated that PM_(2.5)impaired mitochondrial function and caused dynamics homeostasis ***,PM_(2.5)up-regulated mi R-421 and down-regulated SIRT3 gene expression,along with decreasing p-FOXO3a(SIRT3 downstream target gene)and p-Parkin expression and triggering abnormal expression of fusion gene OPA1 and fission gene ***,mi R-421 inhibitor(mi R-421i)and resveratrol significantly elevated the SIRT3 levels in H9c2 cells after PM_(2.5)exposure and mediated the expression of SOD2,OPA1 and Drp1,restoring the mitochondrial morphology and *** suggests that mi R-421/SIRT3 pathway plays an epigenetic regulatory role in mitochondrial damage induced by PM_(2.5)and that mi R-421i and resveratrol exert protective effects against PM_(2.5)-incurred cardiotoxicity.

关键词： Fine particulate matter Rat H9c2 cells Mitochondrial damage MiR-421 SIRT3 Resveratrol