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Effect of canopy gap size and ecological factors on species diversity and beech seedlings in managed beech stands in Hyrcanian forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 217-222页

作者： Kambiz Abrari Vajari Hamid Jalilvand mohammad reza pourmajidian Kambiz Espahbodi Alireza Moshki Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Research Center in Agricultural and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province Sari Iran Soil science of temperate and boreal ecosystems Institute Faculty of forest science and forest ecology Georg-August University of Goettingen Germany

We studied the species diversity of the herb layer and ecological factors in harvest-created gaps in beech stands under a single-tree selection system in Northern Iran. To determine diversity, the number of beech seedlings, and other ecological factors, 16 gaps were selected and subplots of 5 m2 were positioned at the centre and at the cardinal points of each gap. Species richness and Simpson diversity index increased with increasing gap area as did numbers of seedlings. With increasing humus layer thickness, species richness declined but the Hill evenness index increased. Species richness increased with increasing light availability. There was no relationship between crown radii of beech trees and diversity indices. Correlations between environmental factors and numbers of individuals of some species in the herb layer were not significant except in a few cases. The results help explain the effects of man-made gaps on the dynamics of managed beech stands and this benefits evaluation of silvicultural operating plans.

关键词： beech gap herbaceous species diversity Hyrcanian for- ests

The effect of single-tree selction system on soil properties in an oriental beech stand of Hyrcanian forest, north of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 591-596页

作者： Kambiz Abrari Vajari Hamid Jalilvand mohammad reza pourmajidian Kambiz Espahbodi Alireza Moshki Academic member of Agriculture Faculty Lorestan University Ph. D candidate of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Forestry Department Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Research Center in Agricultural and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province Sari Iran Ph.D candidate Soil science of temperate and boreal ecosystems Institute Faculty of forest science and forest ecology Georg-August university of Goettingen zip code:37077 Germany

A case study was conducted in beech forests of northern Iran to determine the effect of the created gaps on some soil properties in beech stand. Changes of soil properties in small （60-150 mE）, medium （151-241 mE）, large （242-332 m^2） and very large （333-550 m^2） gaps, as well as under closed stands were studied eight years after-the gap creation. Soil samples were taken from three depths, 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The gaps were different from their around undisturbed stands in terms of the following soil parameters： Mg^＋2 concentration of 0-10 cm at medium gap size, bulk density of 10-20 cm at very large gap size as well as K^＋ and Ca^＋2 concentrations at 20-30 cm at small and large gap sizes, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the gaps had no effect on soil characteristics through the whole profile. Water saturation percent （Sp %） at 0-10cm as well as P and Mg^＋2 at 20--30 cm was different amongst undisturbed stands around different gap sizes. The center and the edges of the gap were different only in terms of organic carbon at the depth of 10-20 cm. Significant differences were observed between gaps and closed canopy regarding P and Ca^＋2 at depth 0--10 cm and 10-20 cm, respectively. It can be concluded that applied silvicultural system for harvesting trees which created these gaps might be suitable for conservation and forest management in the region.

关键词： gap soil Fagus orientalis single-tree selection system northern lran

Effect of shelterwood cutting method on forest regeneration and stand structure in a Hyrcanian forest ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第3期21卷 265-272,395页

作者： mohammad reza pourmajidian Hamid Jalilvand Asghar Fallah Seyed Ataollah Hosseini Aidin Parsakhoo Amin Vosoughian Ali Rahmani Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesMazandaran University

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of shelterwood cutting methods on stand structure and regeneration density. Data were collected from a northern hardwood forest stands in Iran with Fagus orientalis Lipsky as dominant species, with/without shelterwood cutting operation. Results clearly demonstrate that the management of Fagus orientalis Lipsky with shelterwood cutting system affected the frequency and diversity of the understory herbaceous species. The frequency of Viola silvestris Lam., Asperula odorata L., Carex spp. and Rubus hyr-canus Juz increased significantly after shelterwood cutting. The DBH （diameter at breast height） of commercial species in control stands （57.50±2.15 cm） was greater than that in treated stands （50.67±1.88 cm）, whereas the total height of trees was similar between treated and control plots （21±0.5 m）. The number of Parrotia persica seedlings increased by 13.2% from 1995 to 2005 whereas the number of Fagus orientalis and Carpinus betulus seedlings significantly decreased from 1995 to 2005. In conclusion, it confirms that instead of shelterwood cutting method other silvicultural practices such as selection cutting method should be applied for the mountainous beech stands of Hyrcanian forests.

关键词： Shelterwood cutting stand structure regeneration Fagus orientalis Lipsky

Stabilizing silica nanoparticles in high saline water by using polyvinylpyrrolidone for reduction of asphaltene precipitation damage under dynamic condition

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第5期27卷 1021-1029页

作者： mohammad reza Aghajanzadeh mohammad Sharifi Department of Petroleum Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology

In this study, the performance of stable nanofluid containing SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed and stabilized in high salinity brine for asphaltene inhibition in dynamic condition is evaluated. In the first stage of this work, the stability of silica nanoparticles in different range of water salinity(0–100000 mg·L-1) is investigated. Next, stable nanofluid containing highest salinity is selected as asphaltene inhibitor agent to inject into the damaged core sample. The estimated values of oil recovery for base case, after damage process and after inhibition of asphaltene precipitation using nanofluid are 51.6%, 36.1% and 46.7%, respectively. The results showed the reduction in core damage after using nanofluid. In addition, the relative permeability curves are plotted for the base case, after damage process and also after inhibition of asphaltene precipitation using nanofluid. Comparison of relative permeability curves shows, relative permeability of oil phase decreased after damage process as compared with the base case. But after using nanofluid the oil relative permeability curve has shifted to the right and effective permeability of oil phase has been improved.

关键词： Formation damage Enhanced oil recovery Salinity Asphaltene Core flooding Nano particles

Experimental investigation of different brines imbibition influences on co-and counter-current oil flows in carbonate reservoirs

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 17-29页

作者： Pouyan Ahmadi mohammad reza Aghajanzadeh Masoud Riazi mohammad reza Malayeri mohammad Sharifi Enhanced Oil Recovery(EOR)Research Centre IOR/EOR Research InstituteShiraz UniversityShirazIran Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ LeipzigGermany Department of Petroleum Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik Technische Universität DresdenGermany

Imbibition of water,as wetting phase in oil-wet fractured carbonate reservoirs,plays a key role in fluid flow between matrix and fracture *** type of injected seawater and its chemistry would profoundly influence the imbibition *** this study,the impact of smart water(a brine that its ions have been adjusted to facilitate oil recovery)and low salinity water on co-and counter-current imbibition processes for oil-wet carbonate cores has been experimentally *** results show an increase of about 10% in oil recovery for co-and counter-currents for smart seawater imbibition compared to that of low salinity *** addition,as a result of the influence of co-and counter-current on each other,by co-current removal from one core face,the countercurrent in the other face would be intensified by as much as about 75%.A close examination of different lengths(5,7 and 9 cm)of carbonate cores with the same permeability revealed that by decreasing porous medium length,the amount of counter-current producing oil would be decreased so that in the 5 cm core,counter current oil production will not *** similar core lengths by increasing permeability,the share of counter current flow would be decreased approximately 18% since the capillary pressure could not overcome non-wetting phase viscous *** the role of matrix length along with a modified brine(which is designed according to the matrix mixture)strengthen the relevant mechanisms to have more oil production so that the higher thickness of matrix causes the higher amount of co-current oil producing and consequently more total recovery.

关键词： Smart water Co-current Counter current Wettability alteration Oil recovery

Stochastic price based coordinated operation planning of energy storage system and conventional power plant

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第5期7卷 1020-1032页

作者： mohammad reza SHEIBANI Gholam reza YOUSEFI mohammad Amin LATIFY Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran

A generation company(GENCO)which has a conventional power plant(CPP)intends to add an energy storage system(ESS)beside the CPP to increase its flexibility and *** this purpose,a new model is proposed for coordinated operation planning of the CPP and ESS in energy and spinning reserve markets in the presence of a bilateral *** proposed model is based on the stochastic price based unit commitment(PBUC)and price based storage commitment(PBSC).The uncertainties of the energy and spinning reserve prices and delivery requests in the spinning reserve market are modeled via scenarios based upon historical *** proposed model maximizes the profitability of the ESS beside the CPP and encourages the GENCO to invest the *** technology options to use beside the CPP are determined by economic *** results show that utilization of ESSs improves the technical operation of CPPs,as well as GENCOs’profitability.

关键词： Energy storage system Conventional power plant Operation planning Price based unit commitment

Enhanced empirical models for predicting the drift capacity of less ductile RC columns with flexural,shear,or axial failure modes

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 1251-1270页

作者： mohammad reza AZADI KAKAVAND reza ALLAHVIRDIZADEH Unit of Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis Institute of Basic Sciences in Engineering SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria ISISE Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of MinhoGuimaraes 4800-058Portugal

Capacity of components subjected to earthquake actions is still a widely interesting research topic. Hence, developing precise tools for predicting drift capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is of great interest. RC columns are not only frequently constructed, but also their composite behavior makes the capacity prediction a task faced with many uncertainties. In the current article, novel empirical approaches are presented for predicting flexural, shear and axial failure modes in RC columns. To this aim, an extensive experimental database was created by collecting outcomes of previously conducted experimental tests since 1964, which are available in the literature. It serves as the basis for deriving the equations for predicting the drift capacity of RC columns by different regression analyses (both linear with different orders and nonlinear). Furthermore, fragility curves are determined for comparing the obtained results with the experimental results and with previously proposed models, like the ones of ASCE/SEI41-13. It is demonstrated that the proposed equations predict drift capacities, which are in better agreement with experimental results than those computed by previously published models. In addition, the reliability of the proposed equations is higher from a probabilistic point of view.

关键词： flexural-shear-axial failure drift capacity reinforced concrete columns statistical analysis fragility curves

Evaluation of attraction terms in equations of state on the prediction of solubility of some biomolecules in supercritical carbon dioxide

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第4期20卷 501-505页

作者： mohammad reza Bozorgmehr mohammad reza Housaindokht Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science.Islamic Azad UniversityMashad BranchMashhadIran Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashadIran

In the present work, effect of the attraction terms of four recently modified Peng-Robinson （MPR） equations of state on the prediction of solubility of caffeine, cholesterol, uracil and erythromycin was studied. The attraction terms of two of these equations are linear relative to the acentric factor and for the other two are exponential. It is found that the later show less deviation. Also interaction parameters for the studied systems are obtained and the percentage of average absolute relative deviation （%AARD） in each calculation is displayed.

关键词： Equation of state Solubility Supercritical carbon dioxide Biomolecules

Proportional integral derivative controller design using Legendre orthogonal functions

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第10期23卷 2616-2629页

作者： reza Moradi mohammad Tabatabaei Department of Electrical Engineering Khomeinishahr Branch Islamic Azad University

The Legendre orthogonal functions are employed to design the family of PID controllers for a variety of plants. In the proposed method, the PID controller and the plant model are represented with their corresponding Legendre series. Matching the first three terms of the Legendre series of the loop gain with the desired one gives the PID controller parameters. The closed loop system stability conditions in terms of the Legendre basis function pole(λ) for a wide range of systems including the first order, second order, double integrator, first order plus dead time, and first order unstable plants are obtained. For first order and double integrator plants, the closed loop system stability is preserved for all values of λ and for the other plants, an appropriate range in terms of λ is obtained. The optimum value of λ to attain a minimum integral square error performance index in the presence of the control signal constraints is achieved. The numerical simulations demonstrate the benefits of the Legendre based PID controller.

关键词： PID controllers orthogonal functions legendre functions moment matching PI controller PD controller